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{{Short description|Type of epistemological problem}}
{{Short description|Type of epistemological problem}}
{{for|the contemporary music organization|Other Minds (organization)}}
{{For|the contemporary music organization|Other Minds (organization)}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Multiple issues|
{{Refimprove|date=August 2016}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2016}}
{{Original research|date=June 2023}}
{{Original research|date=June 2023}}
{{Weasel|date=June 2023}}
{{Weasel|date=June 2023}}
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The '''problem of other minds''' is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following [[Epistemology|epistemological]] question: Given that I can only observe the [[behavior]] of others, how can I know that others have [[mind]]s?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/other-minds/|first=Alec|last=Hyslop|title=Other minds|editor1-last=Zalta|editor1-first=Edward N.|editor2-last=Nodelman|editor2-first=Uri|website=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University|issn=1095-5054|date=14 January 2014|access-date=May 26, 2015}}</ref> The problem is that [[knowledge]] of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact [[social interactions]] due to people having a "[[theory of mind]]" - the ability to spontaneously infer the mental states of others - supported by innate [[mirror neuron|mirror neurons]],<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colle |first1=Livia |last2=Becchio |first2=Cristina |last3=Bara |first3=Bruno |date=2008 |title=The Non-Problem of the Other Minds: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Shared Intentionality |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26764876 |journal=Human Development |volume=51 |issue=5/6 |pages=336–348 |doi=10.1159/000170896 |jstor=26764876 |access-date=29 April 2021 |s2cid=143370747}}</ref> a theory of mind mechanism,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Alan |last2=Friedman |first2=Ori |last3=German |first3=Tim |title=Core mechanisms in 'theory of mind'. |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |date=2004 |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=528–533 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.001 |pmid=15556021 |s2cid=17591514 }}</ref> or a tacit theory.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopnik |first1=Alison |last2=Wellman |first2=Henry |title=Reconstructing constructivism: causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory |journal=Psychological Bulletin |date=2012 |volume=138 |issue=6 |pages=1085–1108 |doi=10.1037/a0028044 |pmid=22582739 |pmc=3422420 }}</ref> There has also been an increase in evidence that behavior results from [[cognition]] which in turn requires consciousness and the [[brain]].


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The '''problem of other minds''' is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following [[Epistemology|epistemological]] question: Given that I can only observe the [[behavior]] of others, how can I know that others have [[mind]]s?<ref>{{cite web|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/other-minds/|first=Alec|last=Hyslop|title=Other minds|editor1-last=Zalta|editor1-first=Edward N.|editor2-last=Nodelman|editor2-first=Uri|website=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University|issn=1095-5054|date=14 January 2014|access-date=May 26, 2015}}</ref> The problem is that [[knowledge]] of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact [[social interactions]] due to people having a "[[theory of mind]]" - the ability to spontaneously infer the mental states of others - supported by innate [[mirror neuron]]s,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Colle |first1=Livia |last2=Becchio |first2=Cristina |last3=Bara |first3=Bruno |date=2008 |title=The Non-Problem of the Other Minds: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Shared Intentionality |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26764876 |journal=Human Development |volume=51 |issue=5/6 |pages=336–348 |doi=10.1159/000170896 |jstor=26764876 |access-date=29 April 2021 |s2cid=143370747}}</ref> a theory of mind mechanism,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Alan |last2=Friedman |first2=Ori |last3=German |first3=Tim |title=Core mechanisms in 'theory of mind'. |journal=Trends in Cognitive Sciences |date=2004 |volume=8 |issue=12 |pages=528–533 |doi=10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.001 |pmid=15556021 |s2cid=17591514 }}</ref> or a tacit theory.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gopnik |first1=Alison |last2=Wellman |first2=Henry |title=Reconstructing constructivism: causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory |journal=Psychological Bulletin |date=2012 |volume=138 |issue=6 |pages=1085–1108 |doi=10.1037/a0028044 |pmid=22582739 |pmc=3422420 }}</ref> There has also been an increase in evidence that behavior results from [[cognition]] which in turn requires consciousness and the [[brain]].
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It is a problem of the philosophical idea known as [[solipsism]]: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. The problem of other minds maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, that does not reasonably guarantee the same presence of thought occurring in the self.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Thornton |first=Stephen |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds |url=https://iep.utm.edu/solipsis/ |issn=2161-0002 |accessdate=2021-06-02 }}</ref> However, it is often disregarded by most philosophers as outdated. {{fact|date=June 2023}} Behavior is recognized to occur due to a number of processes within the brain quelling much of the debate on this problem. {{fact|date=June 2023}}

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It is a problem of the philosophical idea known as [[solipsism]]: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. The problem of other minds maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, that does not reasonably guarantee the same presence of thought occurring in the self.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Thornton |first=Stephen |encyclopedia=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title=Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds |url=https://iep.utm.edu/solipsis/ |issn=2161-0002 |accessdate=2021-06-02 }}</ref> However, it is often disregarded by most philosophers as outdated. {{citation needed|date=June 2023}} Behavior is recognized to occur due to a number of processes within the brain quelling much of the debate on this problem. {{citation needed|date=June 2023}}


[[Phenomenology (psychology)|Phenomenology]] studies the subjective experience of human life resulting from consciousness.
[[Phenomenology (psychology)|Phenomenology]] studies the subjective experience of human life resulting from consciousness.
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{{epistemology}}
{{philosophy of mind}}
{{philosophy of mind}}
{{Consciousness}}
{{Consciousness}}


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[[Category:Concepts in the philosophy of mind|Problem of other minds, theP]]
[[Category:Concepts in the philosophy of mind|Problem of other minds, theP]]

Revision as of 22:16, 22 October 2023

For the contemporary music organization, see Other Minds (organization).

The problem of other minds is a philosophical problem traditionally stated as the following epistemological question: Given that I can only observe the behavior of others, how can I know that others have minds?[1] The problem is that knowledge of other minds is always indirect. The problem of other minds does not negatively impact social interactions due to people having a "theory of mind" - the ability to spontaneously infer the mental states of others - supported by innate mirror neurons,[2] a theory of mind mechanism,[3] or a tacit theory.[4] There has also been an increase in evidence that behavior results from cognition which in turn requires consciousness and the brain.

It is a problem of the philosophical idea known as solipsism: the notion that for any person only one's own mind is known to exist. The problem of other minds maintains that no matter how sophisticated someone's behavior is, that does not reasonably guarantee the same presence of thought occurring in the self.[5] However, it is often disregarded by most philosophers as outdated. [citation needed] Behavior is recognized to occur due to a number of processes within the brain quelling much of the debate on this problem. [citation needed]

Phenomenology studies the subjective experience of human life resulting from consciousness.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hyslop, Alec (14 January 2014). Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.). "Other minds". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University. ISSN 1095-5054. Retrieved May 26, 2015.
  2. ^ Colle, Livia; Becchio, Cristina; Bara, Bruno (2008). "The Non-Problem of the Other Minds: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective on Shared Intentionality". Human Development. 51 (5/6): 336–348. doi:10.1159/000170896. JSTOR 26764876. S2CID 143370747. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
  3. ^ Leslie, Alan; Friedman, Ori; German, Tim (2004). "Core mechanisms in 'theory of mind'". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 8 (12): 528–533. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.10.001. PMID 15556021. S2CID 17591514.
  4. ^ Gopnik, Alison; Wellman, Henry (2012). "Reconstructing constructivism: causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory". Psychological Bulletin. 138 (6): 1085–1108. doi:10.1037/a0028044. PMC 3422420. PMID 22582739.
  5. ^ Thornton, Stephen. "Solipsism and the Problem of Other Minds". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN 2161-0002. Retrieved 2021-06-02.

Further reading

External links



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