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Revision as of 15:31, 20 October 2006
Years: 1278 1279 1280 - 1281 - 1282 1283 1284 | |
Decades: 1250s 1260s 1270s - 1280s - 1290s 1300s 1310s | |
Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century |
1281 by topic |
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Leaders |
Birth and death categories |
Births – Deaths |
Establishments and disestablishments categories |
Establishments – Disestablishments |
Art and literature |
1281 in poetry |
Gregorian calendar | 1281 MCCLXXXI |
Ab urbe condita | 2034 |
Armenian calendar | 730 ԹՎ ՉԼ |
Assyrian calendar | 6031 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1202–1203 |
Bengali calendar | 688 |
Berber calendar | 2231 |
English Regnal year | 9 Edw. 1 – 10 Edw. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 1825 |
Burmese calendar | 643 |
Byzantine calendar | 6789–6790 |
Chinese calendar | 庚辰年 (Metal Dragon) 3978 or 3771 — to — 辛巳年 (Metal Snake) 3979 or 3772 |
Coptic calendar | 997–998 |
Discordian calendar | 2447 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1273–1274 |
Hebrew calendar | 5041–5042 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1337–1338 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1202–1203 |
- Kali Yuga | 4381–4382 |
Holocene calendar | 11281 |
Igbo calendar | 281–282 |
Iranian calendar | 659–660 |
Islamic calendar | 679–680 |
Japanese calendar | Kōan 4 (弘安4年) |
Javanese calendar | 1191–1192 |
Julian calendar | 1281 MCCLXXXI |
Korean calendar | 3614 |
Minguo calendar | 631 before ROC 民前631年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | −187 |
Thai solar calendar | 1823–1824 |
Tibetan calendar | 阳金龙年 (male Iron-Dragon) 1407 or 1026 or 254 — to — 阴金蛇年 (female Iron-Snake) 1408 or 1027 or 255 |
Events
Europe
- Pope Martin IV authorizes the Ninth Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.
Middle East
- October 29 - Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkhan Abaqa Khan at the 2nd Battle of Homs.
- Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt tribe in central Anatolia; in 1299 he will declare independence from the Seljuk Turks, marking the birth of the Ottoman Empire.
- An offensive by the Byzantine Empire significantly reduces the size of the Kingdom of Albania, as it recaptures land seized from the Despotate of Epirus by Charles I of Sicily ten years earlier.
Asia
- August 15 - The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled at the Battle of Kōan (or Battle of Hakata Bay) as a large typhoon — famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind — destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships.
- Kublai Khan orders the burning of sacred Taoist texts, resulting in the reduction in number of volumes of the Dao Zheng (Taoist Canon) from 4,565 to 1,120.
- The Mon kingdom of Haripunchai falls as its capital Lamphun (in present-day Thailand) is captured by King Mengrai's Lannathai kingdom.
Births
- Richard De Bury, English statesman (died 1345)
- Castruccio Castracani, duke of Lucca (died 1328)
- Yuri III Danilovich, Grand Prince of Russia (died 1325)
- Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (died 1345)
- Hamdollah Mostowfi, Ilkhanid Iranian historian (died 1349)
- Rudolph I of Bohemia (died 1307)