Brevard County, Florida

Brevard County
County
Official seal of Brevard County Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Florida
Florida's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 28°18′N 80°42′W
Country	United States
State	Florida
Founded	March 14, 1844
Seat	Titusville
Population  (2006)
• Total	over 534,359
Website	countygovt.brevard.fl.us

Brevard County is a county located in the U.S. state of Florida, along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. As of 2007 U.S. Census Bureau estimates, the population is 534,359[1]. Because of the presence of the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Brevard County is also known as the Space Coast.

The official county seat is Titusville, however nearly all county administration is performed from Viera⁶. There has been no official change to the county seat since 1894. Since Brevard County extends so far from north to south, it has more than one county courthouse and sheriff's office. The government services are not centralized in one location, as they are in many American counties.

It is possible to observe a Cape Canaveral rocket launch or NASA Space Shuttle launch, from anywhere in the county, as well as experience related structural shuddering throughout most of the county.

History

Humans have occupied the county for 12,000 years and the Ais inhabited Brevard when the Spanish explorers discovered the area. Juan Ponce de León is said to have arrived in Florida at the shores of the future county in 1513.

The last naval battle of the American Revolutionary War was fought off the shores of Cape Canaveral in 1783, between the USS Alliance and the HMS Sybill.

"Mosquito County" was formed while the state was still a territory, and on some maps was absorbed into an unofficial "Leigh Read" county between 1839 and 1845. This eventually became three new counties one of which was "Saint Lucia County" on March 14, 1844 - it was renamed Brevard County in 1855 after George Washington Brevard, who served as Florida State Comptroller from 1854 to 1860. In 1905 St. Lucie County was created from the southern third of the county.

In the 1800s, the Hernandez-Capron Trail passed through the county.

In the early 1900s the Union Cypress Railroad was built from present day Lipscomb Rd and University Blvd west to Deer Park.

On Christmas Day 1951, Harry T. and Harriette V. Moore (founders of the local NAACP and Civil Rights activists) were slain by a bomb, well before the "Civil Rights Era. "Florida's Attorney General has offered a reward and established a hotline to solve the slaying. The Brevard justice center is named after them as a memorial.

In 1989, county administration was moved to a government complex at Viera, as part of a mid-county development project that included a Baseball Spring Training complex at Space Coast Stadium, and a master-planned community, known as Viera.

Law and Government

Elected county commissioners establish ordinances and policies for the county. The Commission appoints a County Manager, who carries out the will of the Commission.

A centrally located County Government Center in Viera houses the various county government branches. Departments include Housing and Human Services, Juvenile Justice, Public Safety, Public Works and Solid Waste Management.

Transparency in government is mandatory in Florida through the "Florida Sunshine" law. All meetings are public meetings. Politicians who discuss final action without the public present are liable to be indicted. This has been in effect since 1967.

In Brevard, county and school board meetings are televised. The public is present for all city and town council meetings.

Cities, towns and villages have varying reliance on services provided by the county government.

Real estate taxes for resident homeowners are less than 2% of the real value of the property.

Brevard County government spends over $1.16 billion annually, exclusive of the municipalities.

County taxes rose 26.5% in total per capita revenue from 2002-2007, and 49.8% in property tax per capita in the same time frame.

The ex officio Space Coast League of Cities suggests legislation to its representatives.

The Brevard Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is run by senior locally elected municipal and county officials. This multi-jurisdictional agency decides where federal and state road money will be used. Local decision making is vital in solving local transportation problems.

Various elected officials often hold voluntary meetings called "town meetings" to allow the public to express their concerns about issues that the officials should address.

The Brevard County Housing Authority acquires and leases housing projects; investigates housing conditions; determines where slums and unsafe housing exist and investigates conditions dangerous to the public. It is managed by citizens appointed by the county commission.

Brevard County has two unique election districts. One governs the Cape Canaveral Port; the other, the operation of the Sebastian Inlet Recreation Park.

The Canaveral Port Authority is an independent governmental agency created by the Florida Legislature. Five elected commissioners representing the five port regions are the governing body of Port Canaveral and have jurisdiction over all fiscal and regulatory policies and operations of the Port. The Authority sets policy and can levy taxes. They stopped levying an ad valorum tax on district residents, becoming only the second taxing authority in Florida to do so.

The county has hired a federal lobbyist to represent its interests.

Elected officials

County Commissioners:
District 1 - Truman Scarborough
District 2 - Chuck Nelson
District 3 - Helen Voltz
District 4 - Mary Bolin
District 5 - Jackie Colon
County Manager (appointed) - Peggy Busacca

The following are considered state officials but are elected and paid by the county:
Sheriff - J.R. "Jack" Parker
Clerk of the Courts - Scott Ellis
Property Appraiser - Jim Ford
Tax Collector - Rod Northcutt
Supervisor of Elections - Fred Galley
State Attorney - Norm Wolfinger
Public Defender - James F. Russo

In April, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement seized documents from the office of the county appraiser in connection with an investigation into illegally re-appraising properties at lower values.

Justice

The county has centralized most county and circuit courts in Viera which try a variety of cases including felonies, misdemeanors, traffic, and domestic. An elected prosecutor tries cases for the public. Defendants can be represented through the auspices of the office of the elected Public Defender.

The County elects a sheriff, immediately responsible to the courts but also to the state for the enforcement of state laws.

Police chiefs, appointed by their cities or towns, perform the same function locally. There is no overlap in jurisdictions.

Many volunteers work alongside our paid professionals. Included are Citizens Offering Police Support (C.O.P.S.). C.O.P.S. volunteers work under the direction of the County Sheriff and play a part in our county's policing operations.

The county jail is a modern facility which rapidly became overcrowded. When voters consistently turned down expanding the jail, the sheriff solved the problem by the construction of a large though inexpensive "hardened tent" to house non-violent offenders.

The county jail retains prisoners who have been sentenced to a year or less. Longer sentences must be served in state prisons, such as the facility in Sharpes for young men.

The Coast Guard, homeported at Port Canaveral, plays a major role in preventing illegal immigration, and is the major interdictor of drugs in the area.

Brevard has a Drug Court to reduce the prison population resulting from drug issues. Drug Court programs adjudicate cases in which offenders are chronic substance abusers through an extensive supervision and treatment regimen. Drug Courts require offenders to acknowledge their problems with substances and provide him/her with tools and mechanisms to deal with their addictions, in an effort to reduce or eliminate future criminal conduct. The Drug Court program utilizes a team approach to serve the offenders and the team consists of a judge, prosecutor, defense attorney, treatment specialists, supervision officers, law enforcement agencies, corrections officials, and others. In exchange for successfully completing this intensive program, the Court may dismiss the charge, reduce the sentence, or offer a combination of other incentives. The police have estimated that 85% of drug dealers and prostitutes are themselves under the influence of drugs or are users trying to get money to purchase drugs.

Melbourne led the nation in MDMA seizures in 2005.

Brevard Legal Aid provides general, civil and domestic violence legal services to low income persons. Providers consist of five staff attorneys, three paralegals and 300 volunteer attorneys who offer pro bono assistance to referred eligible clients. Victims of domestic violence receive immediate need legal assistance with injunctions for protection through a partnership project with the Women’s Center and the domestic violence shelters.

There is a local chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). In May 2005, the ACLU accused local police and Sheriff's offices of attempting to intimidate protests by conducting surveillance and filming them. As a result, authorities stopped the practice except for good cause.

The State's Attorney's Office sponsors the Victim/Witness Services. This provides advocates to victims of violent crime and their families. The advocate helps the family understand the legal system as they navigate through it. They also seek out financial assistance or counseling they might need. In 2005 they helped 8,448 victims in Brevard County.

Juvenile Justice

The Rainwater Center for Girls, a day program for girls ages 12-18 who are referred by the Department of Juvenile Justice, offers education, vocational training, counseling, life skills, cultural arts activities, recreation, and community service focused on the developmental needs of girls.

The Department of Juvenile Justice refers selected youths to the Space Coast Marine Institute (SCMI). The SCMI is a six to eight month moderate security residential facility for juvenile boys ages 14-18 who have committed around 4-12 crimes. The young men arrive at the institute with little or no self-esteem and have experienced minimal positive interaction with adults and peers. The mission of SCMI is to address their by providing a scheduled curriculum of academic, vocational and mental health awareness activities. In addition to a personalized academic education, the daily schedule includes programs that build self-confidence and a greater understanding of the world around us.

Juvenile delinquents are sometimes remanded to the Brevard Sheriff's Ranch in Rockledge, a small ranch with buffalo and other animals requiring care.

Reentry Brevard contracts with a contractor, often non-profit, to provide halfway services to youth conditionally released from prison.

Public Safety

The Brevard Emergency Operations Center (EOC) provides Homeland Security for the Space Coast.

The EOC coordinates information regarding the occurrence or threat of any disaster or emergency threatening the safety of the County residents. The EOC uses telephone, television, and the Emergency Services of the County Sheriff, the City Police and Fire Departments to provide coordinated management of all services for cataclysmic events such as Hurricanes, Floods and Terrorism.

The EOC has successfully conducted mass evacuation and relief of hundreds of thousands of residents from hurricanes since 1999 including two in 2004.

Cape Canaveral Port is under the direction of the Port Authority. Emphasis is placed on monitoring the content of containerized cargo on incoming ships, as well as underwater inspection of arriving ships that could be carrying explosive devices.

A Coast Guard Cutter, homeported at USCG Station Port Canaveral, Florida, stops potentially threatening commercial shipping prior to reaching the coast.

Evacuation routes are insufficient to handle the resulting heavy traffic westbound when an emergency is declared. The Metropolitan Planning Council directed that a major westbound route (US 192) be expanded to four lanes to accommodate the south Brevard population. This is more than half complete.

In 2004, hurricanes destroyed one in every hundred homes in the South County area. Within two blocks of the beach nearly every building sustained some damage. Barefoot Bay, a mobile housing development, was essentially destroyed. Winds tore off the roof of a shelter for special needs people in an elementary school. Emergency Workers were forced to evacuate these people at the peak of the storm.

In September 2005, the county hosted an estimated 1,400 refugees from Hurricane Katrina.

Experience with hurricanes Charley, Frances and Jeanne in 2004 prompted the formation of the Brevard Long Term Recovery Coalition, consisting of United Way of America officials and other emergency-needs experts. They recorded the experiences Brevard had developed to restore services after the storms struck. In fall 2005, they passed information they had learned along to Gulf Coast planners attempting to recover from Katrina.

The media has estimated that 26,000 people who would need evacuation have not volunteered this information to Emergency Officials. In the past people have tended to postpone evacuation notification until after the causeways and bridges have been closed and no evacuation is possible.

Brevard County posts lifeguards at fourteen protected areas at various beach front parks. The county is 70 miles long and most areas cannot be protected. The scope of responsibility for the lifeguards include accident and drowning prevention, public education, citizen assist, search and recovery of lost children, basic life support, and swimmer rescue.

Two Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotillas offer boating safety courses.

Highway fatalities have decreased nationally, but increased in Florida and locally. Officials are focused on setting and enforcing speed limits and widening the local turnpike, now underway. The flatness of the area prevent runoff during rainstorms and causes cars to hydroplane. The highway department takes deliberate measures to re-engineer roads to avoid hydroplaning.

Project Lifesaver can tag at-risk adults and children with locator devices. This allows guardians to track wandering people with Alzheimers, dementia, autism, etc.

Public Health

The state has three public health locations in the county which give immunization shots, provide health information, and track and report on serious diseases or conditions, like HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, encephalitis, and West Nile.

The area was once named "Mosquito County." Mosquitos carry serious diseases, including encephalitis. Brevard County Mosquito Control reduces the mosquito population by many means including adulticiding, larviciding, source reduction, aquatic weed control, waste tire abatement, disease monitoring (of chickens and mosquito-susceptible animals,) environmental monitoring, and biological control of mosquitoes.

Brevard is among the top 100 counties in the US for asbestos-related deaths. Government officials have addressed this issue.

While no one has ever died in Brevard, animal rabies is prevalent, often carried in this area by racoons. Public announcements and public awareness appear to have prevented fatalities.

In 2005, a woman died from flesh-eating bacteria (Necrotizing fasciitis) that she contracted from the St. Johns River. Two or three cases of flesh-eating bacteria are typically reported in the county each year. Officials caution against exposing open sores to this river.

Libraries

The county centrally controls all 20 libraries in the county. There are 900,000 volumes. One library card is valid at all locations, and materials are loaned between locations through a daily courier service and outside our libraries via Inter-Library Loan. Periodical subscriptions stand at about 2,250. The libraries own over 18,000 videos and 21,000 sound recordings. Personal computers for public use are hooked up on broadband in all libraries.

Social Services

Main article: Brevard County Social Services

Brevard County tries to provide a number of unique services to help the aged, juveniles, the physically and mentally handicapped, and minorities.

Politics

Presidential elections results

Year	Republican	Democratic	Other
2004	57.7%	41.6%	0.8%
2000	52.8%	44.6%	1.8%
1996	45.1%	41.2%	13.6%
1992	43.2%	31.2%	25.6%
1988	70.3%	28.8%	0.9%

Geography

Geographic Features

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 4,032 km² (1,557 mi²). 2,637 km² (1,018 mi²) of it is land and 1,395 km² (539 mi²) of it (34.60%) is water, primarily the Atlantic Ocean, the St. John's River and the Indian River Lagoon. The county is larger in area than Samoa and nearly the same size, and population, as Cape Verde. It is one third again as large as Rhode Island.

Located half-way between Jacksonville, Florida and Miami, Brevard County is an extra-long county, extending over 70 miles from north to south, but only a handful of miles inland from the seacoast at any point. In marshes in the western part of this county is the source of the St. Johns River.

The Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway along the eastern edge of Brevard County is the major waterway route in Brevard County.

Brevard County is the sole county in the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Climate

Climate surprisingly varies in this very long (72 mile) county, particularly in winter. In north county, northern flora can thrive, like deciduous trees. In the south county, sub-tropical plants can grow, such as royal palm trees.

Brevard has subtropical climate, with a distinct wet and dry seasons. The dry lasts from December through May. The wet from June through November.

January is the coldest month with an average low of 50.7 degrees Fahrenheit; average high 71 F. The warmest months are July and August with average highs of 90 F; average lows 72.2. The driest month is April with 1.6" rainfall; the wettest September, 6.6".

Florida is a large subtropical state that experiences hurricanes. Although Brevard county is located along Florida's eastern peninsula, it is less frequently impacted by direct hurricane landfalls than portions of the Panhandle or South Florida. There are two predominant reasons for this. First, westward moving tropical systems often reach an atmospheric ridge weakness in the Bermuda High by the time they approach Florida at a latitude as northerly as Brevard County. Combined with frontal systems that exit the United States' East Coast, many of these tropical systems are steered northwest and eventually curve northward offshore Florida's East Central Coast. A second reason is that hurricanes landfalling along the Florida peninsular Gulf Coast often weaken to a tropical storm by the time they move northeast to affect Brevard County (with some exceptions, such as 2004's Charley).

Although Brevardians may refer to past storms as "hurricanes," by the time they strike here, some of them may have subsided to tropical storms or depressions. Because of the threat of storm surge, the beach community on the barrier island is often required to evacuate well in advance of the storm.

Tornados spinning off from even small storms can result in severe damage in small areas.

Five hurricanes have directly affected Brevard since 1950: David (September 3, 1979), Hurricane Erin (August 2, 1995) - made landfall near Sebastian Inlet and caused mostly minor wind damage and more extensive flooding countywide, Charley (August 13, 2004) - Caused damage in Titusville and North Brevard. Frances (September 3, 2004) - Struck neighboring Vero Beach, Indian River County directly and caused widespread wind damage throughout Brevard, Jeanne (September 26, 2004) - Struck Vero, directly, following very nearly the same path as Frances. The latter two storms caused widespread damage in South Brevard. Slightly more than half of one percent (0.6%) of houses were lost.

The following storms did not affect Brevard County with hurricane force winds: Floyd (September 15, 1999), and Irene (October 16, 1999).

Environment

Main article: Brevard County Environment

Brevard County contains the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. the Canaveral National Seashore, the St. Johns National Wildlife Refuge, and the Archie Carr National Wildlife Refuge. Brevard works together with the federal and state government to help preserve these wetlands, coastal areas and controlling pollution.

Transportation

Main article: Brevard County Transportation

Brevard County has transportation available in the usual modes for a coastal county - highways, shipping, and airlines.

Adjacent counties

• Volusia County, Florida - north
• Indian River County, Florida - south
• Osceola County, Florida - southwest
• Orange County, Florida - west
• Seminole County, Florida - northwest

Fauna

Love bug season occurs in May and September. Motorists, usually, encounter swarms of these while driving during a four week period.

Economy

Personal Income

As of the census of 2000:

• Median income for a family - $47,571
• Median income for males - $36,542
• Median income for females - $24,632
• Per capita income - $21,484
• Median income for a household - $40,099
• In 2005, the median income for a household had risen to $43,281

The following were below the poverty line in 2000:

• Families - 6.80%
• Total population - 9.50%
• Under age 18 - 13.00%
• Age 65 or older - 6.50%

Housing

The county's median home price reached a high in 2005 and is down over 18% to $202,500.

Brevard expects to have 100,000-300,000 more people by 2020, an increase of 60%. This offers a challenge to local government to keep infrastructure ahead of growth, while preserving the environment.

Based on only the mid-point of the growth estimates, if Brevard has 200,000 new residents by 2020, taxpayers will have to meet a list of new requirements, including: 400 more police officers and 362 more firefighters; 25 million more gallons per day of drinking water; 1,334 more teachers; 600 more jail beds.

Rockledge is hoping to revitalize Barton Boulevard.

Three communities have either decided or are considering placing electric lines most vulnerable to high winds, underground despite the high cost.

Cape Canaveral and Satellite Beach have declared a moratorium on converting commercially zoned areas to residential.

The company developing West Viera is seeking state permission and county acquiescence to create a self-governing board that could raise taxes or sell bonds to pay for roads, water lines, pumping stations and other infrastructure needed to support the construction of 16,500 houses, apartments and condominiums. The company is attempting to prove that development can fund itself.

Industry

The Brevard economy is driven by Trade, Transportation and Utilities (18%), Professional and Business Services (17%), Total government (15%), Education and Health (14%), Manufacturing (12%), Leisure and hospitality (10%), Construction (6%), Financial (4%).

In 2005, Inc. Magazine voted the Space Coast as the best place to do business in Florida and sixth in the country.

In 2004, Brevard County ranked 13th out of 318 largest counties in the US for increase in the number of jobs.

Port Canaveral is the world's busiest cruise port. It is served by seven cruise lines. They have six major cruise terminals. There is 750,000 SF of covered freight storage capacity. It handled 4 million tons of cargo in 2004. The port boosts Brevard's economy by $500 million annually.

The county ranks 17th for per capita income, out of Florida's 67 counties.

American City Business Journals rated Brevard 7th for quality of life out of 67.

For 2004, Brevard County moved from 70 to 31 out of the top 200 metropolitan areas "Best Performing." This improvement was driven mainly by job growth.

Two hospitals are among the top five private employers in the county.

A long term concern is the probable re-assignment of thousands of space coast workers when the shuttle is discontinued in 2010.

Two locally headquartered builders, Mercedes and Holiday are among the top 30 in the nation. Mercedes had $1 billion in sales in 2004.

The Cocoa Redevelopment Center works on programs to improve housing in the city's older areas.

Another organization, Main Street Cocoa, works toward restoring business sites in the historic area, known as "Cocoa Village." The restored area has become a tourist attraction and an economic magnet.

Inc. magazine has selected two local small companies as among the fastest growing in the country over the past 3 years - Applied Global Technology (nearly 100% annually) and Stops (nearly 200% annually).

Military

Military installations in Brevard County include Patrick Air Force Base, near Satellite Beach, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), adjacent to the Kennedy Space Center, and the U.S. Air Force Malabar Test Facility on Minton Road in suburban Palm Bay.

The Navy maintains a Trident turning basin at Port Canaveral for Ballistic Missile Submarines. The Naval Ordnance Test Unit (NOTU) tests weapons on these subs which arrive at the rate of one a month. The 2005 Base closures included realigning NOTU out of state. However, the community was successful in getting this decision revoked. Much credit goes to the Space Coast Defense Alliance, a branch of the Economic Development Council.

CCAFS houses the Air Force Space & Missile Museum that is in the launch control bunker of Launch Pad 26 where many unmanned rockets were launched early in the U.S. space program including the Explorer, one of the first space craft placed in earth orbit.

The Cape Canaveral Navy League council supports the Sea Services by adopting ships and units of the Navy and Coast Guard. It also provides a means for civilians to socialize with the officers and crew of allied Navies when they visit port.

Northrup Grumman develops the military JSTARS electronics surveillance system used in all major US conflicts since 1990.

The USS Brevard (AK-164) was a World War II Alamosa-class naval cargo ship that was decommissioned shortly after the war.

Agriculture

23% of Brevard County is agricultural-usable for citrus, raising cattle or horses. Cattle ranches include the Deseret and Duda Ranches; citrus growers include Victory Groves and Harvey's Indian River Groves.

The county ranked 21 out of 24 Florida counties in the shipment of gift fruit.

The volunteer |4H clubs focus on youth development, sometimes using animals as a focus. There are 40 4-H related clubs in the county including livestock- and pet-related and after school clubs.

Tourism

Tourism brings $1 billion annually to Brevard.

Brevard competes with other Florida areas for tourists and a number of organizations help promote the area.

The Tourism Development Office consists of indirectly elected officials. It is funded by a small tax on tourist accommodations. The money is spent on beach improvements, visitor information centers, promotion and advertising, the Brevard Zoo, additional beach improvements and the Space Coast Stadium.

The mission of Keep Brevard Beautiful (KBB) is to motivate and educate business, school, group and individual partnerships to reduce litter, recycle, landscape, and beautify for the environmental and economic benefit of Brevard County. Among other tasks, KBB schedules and oversees volunteer cleanups four times a year along roads, parks and beaches.

Brevard has five judged art festivals annually attracting tens of thousands of people to art displays. Most festivals are held in the spring or fall when many tourists can attend.

Due to extensive publicity and hard work by tourism agencies, Brevard experienced the best October and November 2004 than ever, despite widespread hurricane damage and loss of five beachside hotels. Four of these hotels were restored by 2006.

For Brevard County businesses, fishing tournaments, such as the Wal-Mart FLW Redfish Series tournament in August, bring more than $2.5 million a year in direct spending and much more in indirect spending. Tournaments provide a steady revenue source for the county and local businesses.

In September 2005, FEMA diverted one cruise line from Canaveral (under contract) to shelter Hurricane Katrina evacuees. However, this had a negative influence on local tourism.

The Globe Sebastian Inlet Pro surfing contest, on the county line, draws 16,000 visitors the second weekend in January.

Competitiveness

The Milken institute ranked Brevard number one, out of 200 largest metropolitan areas, in overall job growth for 2005.

Forbes magazine ranked Melbourne 2nd out of 150 metropolitan areas in the US, for the percentage of the population that are engineers, 6.6%, just ahead of Silicon Valley.

Brevard Count's unemployment rate fell to a record low 2.8% in December 2005.

In 2006, Forbes magazine named Harris Corporation, headquartered in Brevard, to its "Platinum 400" List.

The Technological Research and Development Authority, based in the Space Coast, delivers technologies to schools and small businesses throughout the State of Florida. They obtain this information through strategic alliances with NASA, the federal government, the aerospace industry and state partners. They also sponsor a business incubator at the Melbourne Airport.

The National Association of Realtors reported that existing homes prices in Brevard rose 33% annually the third quarter of 2005, the sixth highest metropolitan area in the nation (out of 147). There was a slight decrease in existing home prices the last quarter of 2005.

In October, 2005, Brevard realized that the average owner of a house could not afford that house at current prices! The same month, the sale price of existing homes dropped by 8%.

In January 2005, CNN/Money ranked the homes in "Palm Bay" as "49% overvalued" and within 10% of the most overvalued homes in the United States.

In 2005, the Sunrise Bank of Cocoa Beach became the first bank in the state to have a mobile branch.

The City of Palm Bay made the finals for "All American City" for three years 2003-2005.

Labor

Kennedy Space Center (KSC) is the largest employer in the county with 15,000 contractors and civil servants. While there is concern about the new generation of space vehicles requiring 1/3 less workers, about that number are eligible for retirement by 2011.

Unions represented at KSC include American Federation of Government Workers, International Association of Machinists and International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.

Brevard County Teachers are represented by the Brevard Federation of Teachers (AFT).

In 2005, the Next Generation Consulting for Leadership Brevard, a leadership development organization for local business and civic groups, and Brevard Tomorrow commissioned a survey of people 21-44. Basically, these people often found the area "boring," mainly because it is family-friendly at the expense of being singles-friendly. While this may have labor repercussions later, currently business is having no problems hiring.

The county had an unemployment rate of 3.5% in August 2005, near a record low.

In early 2005, Forbes ranked the area 27th in job growth out of 150 metropolitan areas in the country. The county ranked 18th in the nation for mid-sized areas in 2006.

Manpower Employment Outlook Survey said the hiring outlook in Brevard for the last quarter of 2005 was the 19th-best in the nation among the 470 communities participating in the survey.

2004 Hurricane recovery has helped the area achieve high employment.

Banking

The Space Coast Credit Union is the largest locally-based financial institution in Brevard and the largest credit union in the state with assets of $1.44 billion.

Communication and Utilities

The area code for the entire county was made "321" in 1999: as in the "3...2...1... Lift Off!" countdown sequence.

Two power plants in Brevard generate electricity from petroleum delivered by barge. The output from one plant (Florida Power and Light) is used locally, the other by Orlando.

Demographics

As of the census² of 2000, there were in the county:

• People - 476,230 people
• Households - 198,195
• Families - 132,394
• population density - 181/km² (468/mi²)
• Housing units - 222,072
• Average housing density - 84/km² (218/mi²)

The total population is larger than America's smallest state, Wyoming.

The racial makeup of the county was:

• White - 84.81%
• Blackor African American - 10.40%
• Hispanic or Latino - 4.61%
• two or more races - 1.77%
• Asian - 1.50%
• other races - 1.09%
• Native American - 0.37%
• Pacific Islander - 0.06%

There were 198,195 households out of which 26.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.00% were married couples living together, 10.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.20% were non-families. 26.90% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the county the population was spread out with 22.00% under the age of 18, 6.80% from 18 to 24, 27.10% from 25 to 44, 24.30% from 45 to 64, and 19.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 95.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.30 males.

9.50% of the population and 6.80% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.00% of those under the age of 18 and 6.50% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

In 2005, the census bureau estimated that the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area, which consists solely of Brevard County, stood 91st in population out of 263.

In 2006, the county stood 10th in population in the state, out of 67. The increase in population from 2000 was 11.8%, less than the Florida average of 12.7%.

Religion

A pastor spearheaded the construction of three high rise buildings with 500 units housing the needy elderly.

A county-wide ministry conducts retreats for young prisoners.

Church festivals are sponsored by various religious groups including Jewish and Greek Orthodox. Thousands attend.

A Roman Catholic church was recognized as one of the best in the country. The same parish was awarded the national Blue Ribbon School of Excellence, and Blue Ribbon No Child Left Behind School of Excellence and it principal recognized as distinguished." The same parish partners with a predominately black Baptist church to build a new Habitat for Humanity house about every 18 months. The same parish has built two schools in rural Haiti.

Various religious groups have demonstrated near the local abortion clinic forcing it to move twice since its founding in 1977.

150 members of local Mormon churches volunteered to help after the damage done by Hurricane Katrina. Volunteers brought their own food and water. 3,000 Mormons from outside the county came to help out after Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne in 2004.

Health

The Space Coast Early Intervention Center is a nationally recognized not-for-profit pre-school and therapeutic center that offers care and aids with the development of small children with special needs. Children are treated and educated with the specific goal of mainstreaming children diagnosed with the following into public school: Down syndrome, William's syndrome, Rett syndrome, Cerebral palsy, Autism, P-4 Deletion syndrome, PDD and Apert syndrome as well as children with visual, speech and hearing delays.

Health Outreach Prevention & Education (HOPE) is a network of community partners working together to provide care for people without insurance, and for children with special needs. This network includes hospitals.

Brevard introduced (2005-6) a Federally approved experimental Medicade program which puts volunteering 60+ years olds in an HMO-like organization in order to save money.

The non-profit Circles of Care provides mental health programs to Brevard.

211 Brevard responds to people in crisis and/or needing information about community resources.

Space Coast Center for Independent Living offers over-all services for individuals with all types of disabilities: Peer support, advocacy, skills training, accessibility surveys, support groups, transportation, specialized equipment and sign language interpreter coordination services. Additional program for high school students for career development.

Health First is the largest healthcare provider in the county consisting of three not-for-profit hospitals—Cape Canaveral Hospital in Cocoa Beach, Holmes Regional Medical Center in Melbourne, and Palm Bay Community Hospital in Palm Bay. Besides hospitalization, services include outpatient centers; the county’s only trauma center; home care; specialized programs for cancer, diabetes, heart, stroke, and rehabilitative services; central Brevard's largest medical group; three fitness centers; and Medicare Advantage, commercial POS, and commercial HMO health plans. Health First tries to integrate quality healthcare services with state-of-the-art technology.

Harmony Farms runs “Horses for the Handicapped," a therapeutic riding program located on the Duda Ranch in Viera.

Cities and Towns

Incorporated

• City of Cape Canaveral
• City of Cocoa
• City of Cocoa Beach
• Town of Grant-Valkaria
• Town of Indialantic
• City of Indian Harbour Beach
• Town of Malabar
• City of Melbourne
• Town of Melbourne Beach
• Town of Melbourne Village
• City of Palm Bay (formerly Tillman)
• Town of Palm Shores
• City of Rockledge
• City of Satellite Beach
• City of Titusville
• City of West Melbourne

Unincorporated

• Barefoot Bay
• Canaveral Groves
• Cocoa West
• June Park
• Kennedy Space Center
• Merritt Island (formerly Merritt's Island)
• Micco
• Mims
• Port St. John
• Sharpes
• South Patrick Shores
• Suntree
• Viera

Former place names

Main article: Former place names in Brevard County, Florida

There are place names currently used, or used at one time by the USGS. Some are early developments, others are former stations along the main line of the Florida East Coast Railway. Several of these disappeared when Kennedy Space Center took over their area.

Education

The Space Coast contains a higher percentage of college graduates than any of the other 66 Florida counties.

Undergraduate and Graduate

College education in Brevard County is provided by the Brevard Community College and Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne.

The Brevard Community College (BCC) is a two-year college, which has multiple campuses. 13,600 students attend BCC with sites in Melbourne, Palm Bay, Titusville and Cocoa. A modern planetarium and observatory is located on the Cocoa campus.

The Palm Bay branch of BCC offers technical and vocational training for Associate Degrees and Certificates for entering the workforce, improving professional skills, and developing new competence.

Other courses include a two year nursing degree and certification by the "Police Academy" which is a basic requirement for employment in law enforcement in Brevard County.

Florida Tech (Florida Institute of Technology) is a university which offers Bachelors, Masters, and Doctorate degrees, specializing in the sciences. 4,400 students are enrolled on site, of which half are at the graduate level. About 26% are from abroad. It is located in Melbourne.

The University of Central Florida has a branch on the Community College Cocoa Campus. Additionally it operates the Florida Solar Energy Center.

Other colleges include Barry University, Columbia College, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Florida Metropolitan University-Melbourne, Keiser College and Webster College.

Elementary and Secondary

Main article: Brevard Public Schools

For 2005, the students had higher SAT scores than any other Florida School District.

The superintendent of schools was selected as best in state by his peers in 2005.

For 2005, the District has a higher percentage (9%) of National Board Certified Teachers than any of the other largest ten districts in the state.

In 2005, Brevard is first in Florida in the number of "A"-rated schools in the 10 largest districts.

AARP ranked the school district No. 8 on the 2005 list of Best Employers for Workers Over 50. It was the only public-school system and the highest-ranked Florida employer on the national list.

In 2005, Brevard led the state in science in fifth and 11th grade assessments.

In 2006, Brevard students took almost a third of all prizes at the state science fair, including the most first-place awards. This occurred in 2007, as well.

A team consisting of Brevard high school students stood second in the world in the robotics world championship in 2007.

In 2006, the District had 5 of the top 10 Elementary Schools in the state, according to the Florida Dept. of Ed.

Brevard is in the top ten in the state in each of the 22 areas of assessment on the standard statewide exams given students each year.

In 2005 & 2006, Newsweek ranked Cocoa Beach High School among the top 100 US high schools (out of 21,000) in part due to its International Baccalaureate program.

10th graders led the state in the writing exam in 2006.

The state has ranked 15 of the elementary schools as tops in the state including a Title I South Lake, a former "D"-ranked school!

Brevard leads the state in the number of high school students dual enrolled in secondary and college courses.

Continuing Education

Continuing education is provided by the Brevard Community College, and the University of Central Florida.

Life long learning is offered by the Community College at four branches throughout the county as well as evening courses at high schools.

The County School Board sponsors BPS-TV. Those interested can study for the General Education Development exam, learn a foreign language, or learn about the arts. From midnight to 6 a.m., the station's Classic Arts Showcase offers ballet, jazz and classical music programming.

Sports teams

Minor league baseball

Brevard County is the home of the Brevard County Manatees.

Major league baseball

The Washington Nationals hold their spring training at Space Coast Stadium in Viera.They play about 14 games against other professional teams locally in March as part of the "Grapefruit" League.

Professional Basketball

The Brevard Blue Ducks are a USBL team playing their home schedule at the Clemente Center at Florida Tech. They have changed their home city more times than any other USBL team. They have been in Brevard County for five years.

Media

Newspapers

Florida Today is the major daily newspaper serving Melbourne, Brevard County and the Space Coast region of Florida. It is owned by the media conglomerate Gannett.

The monthly newspaper, El Playero, serves the Spanish-speaking population of the Space Coast.

The weekly Home Town News is a free newspaper, supported by advertising, that has versions in other Florida counties. They present local news.

Brevard Technical Journal is the industry monthly newspaper for business management, engineering, purchasing, manufacturing, and staff. It features news & features about the business and the science of technology in Brevard County - Florida's Space & Technology Coast.

Radio

See List of radio stations in Brevard County

Television

Independent stations include:

• Channel 9 BPS-TV
• Channel 43 WOTF-TV Univision Spanish Language
• Channel 68 WBCC Brevard Community College Education

Arts and Culture

The King Center, seating 2000, features locally produced and former Broadway shows, ballet, and symphony. Several different performances are scheduled each week.

The Brevard Symphony Orchestra and the Space Coast Ballet offer shows performed by professionals. Both have encountered obstacles to production: fundraising, recruiting skilled professionals and rehearsing them. For the Ballet, integrating a large number of qualified amateurs into their company for performances.

The Brevard Zoo is a 56 acre facility.

Ballet

The Space Coast Ballet incorporates professional principal dancers and instructors together with many roles for local senior talent as well as roles for students. They annually stage the "Nutcracker."

Classical Music

The Brevard Symphony Orchestra has been bringing the classics, performed by professionals, to the Space Coast for over fifty years.

The Brevard Symphony Youth Orchestra provides an opportunity for musically qualified students to be coached by professionals from the Brevard Symphony Orchestra and perform with other qualified novices.

Museums

The Space Coast has a number of museums from the rocket exhibitions at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor's Complex, and the Air Force Space & Missile Museum, to local museums and others of unique character such as the American Police Hall of Fame & Museum, and the East Coast Surfing Hall of Fame Museum.

The Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex offers an educational look at the accomplishments of America's space program. A visitor can have a close look at the launch pads, first built for NASA's Apollo missions and presently used by the Space Shuttle fleet. The Observation Gantry near Launch Complex 39 offers a view of the Space Shuttle launch pads, the Vehicle Assembly Building, and the crawler-way over which the rockets are taken to the pad. The Saturn V Complex displays the largest vehicle ever flown.

The Astronaut Hall of Fame is the only facility in the nation dedicated to telling the stories of American astronauts and features the world's largest collection of astronauts' personal effects.

The U.S. Spacewalk Walk of Fame commemorates Kennedy Space Center's history with a museum, monuments and programs.

The Brevard Museum of History & Natural Science features the remains of the "Windover Man", the oldest human remains found on the North American continent and a re-creation of the Windover Dig, a 'wet' archaeological site. A visitor may see how Native Americans lived and Florida pioneers survived.

Honor America runs the Liberty Bell Memorial Museum. This houses a replica of the Liberty Bell, historical documents, and patriotic memorabilia. Items are permanent reminders of our nation's history, as well as a memorial to military veterans.

Notes and References

See also

• Brevard County Public Schools

External links

Government links and constitutional offices

• Brevard County Government / Board of County Commissioners
• Brevard County Supervisor of Elections
• Brevard County Property Appraiser
• Brevard County Sheriff's Office

Special districts

• St. Johns River Water Management District

Education

• "Shopping" Guide to all local schools
• Islamic school in Melbourne, Fl

Judicial branch

• Brevard County Clerk of Courts
• Brevard County Public Defender
• Office of the State Attorney, 18th Judicial Circuit serving Brevard and Seminole Counties
• Circuit and County Court for the 18th Judicial Circuit of Florida

Local references

• Florida Today "Fact Book" on Brevard County
• USF Maps of Historical Brevard County
• Explanation of "Leigh Read" county
• Brevard County Fact Sheet - Brevard Clerk of Courts
• Old Florida Map Collection
• Template:Wikitravel