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{{Short description|American neo-Nazi (1953–2018)}}
{{Short description|American neo-Nazi (1953–2018)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Harold Covington
| name = Harold Covington
| image = Harold March.png
| image =
| caption = Harold Covington circa 1970
| caption = Covington circa 1970
| birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1953|9|14}}
| order =
| office = 2nd President of the [[National Socialist Party of America]]
⚫
| birth_name =
| birth_place = [[Burlington, North Carolina]], U.S.
| term_start = 1977
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|7|14|1953|9|14}}
| term_end = 1981
| death_place = [[Bremerton, Washington]], U.S.
| predecessor = [[Frank Collin]]
| occupation = Author
| successor = organization disbanded
| known_for = Neo-Nazi political advocacy
| birth_name = Harold Armstead Covington
| website =
| birth_date = {{birth date|mf=yes|1953|9|14}}
| spouse =
| birth_place = [[Burlington, North Carolina]], U.S.
| children =
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|7|14|1953|9|14}}
| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
| death_place = [[Bremerton, Washington]], U.S.
⚫
| occupation = Author
⚫
|allegiance = {{flag|United States of America}}
| module = {{Infobox military person|embed=yes
⚫
|branch= [[United States Army]]
⚫
|allegiance = United States
⚫
|branch= United States Army
|serviceyears= 1971–1973
|serviceyears= 1971–1973
|rank= Private First Class
|rank= Private First Class
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}}
}}


'''Harold Armstead Covington''' (September 14, 1953 – July 14, 2018)<ref name=SPLC/> was an American [[neo-Nazi]] activist<ref>{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Dan|title=Why would an American white supremacist be fond of Rhodesia?|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Backchannels/2015/0618/Why-would-an-American-white-supremacist-be-fond-of-Rhodesia-video|access-date=27 March 2016|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|date=18 June 2015}}</ref> and writer. Covington advocated the creation of an "Aryan homeland" in the [[Pacific Northwest]] (known as the [[Northwest Territorial Imperative]]),<ref>Brennan Clarke (July 25, 2011). [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/british-columbia/neo-nazi-sympathizer-fatally-shot-by-nanaimo-police-didnt-fire-flare-gun-probe-told/article2109423/ "Neo-Nazi sympathizer fatally shot by Nanaimo police didn't fire flare gun, probe told"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727122701/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/british-columbia/neo-nazi-sympathizer-fatally-shot-by-nanaimo-police-didnt-fire-flare-gun-probe-told/article2109423/ |date=July 27, 2011 }}. ''Toronto Globe and Mail''. Retrieved November 7, 2013.</ref> and was the founder of the '''Northwest Front''' ('''NF'''), a [[White separatism|white separatist]] political movement.<ref name=SPLC/>
'''Harold Armstead Covington''' (September 14, 1953 – July 14, 2018)<ref name=SPLC/> was an American [[neo-Nazi]] activist<ref>{{cite news|last1=Murphy|first1=Dan|title=Why would an American white supremacist be fond of Rhodesia?|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/Backchannels/2015/0618/Why-would-an-American-white-supremacist-be-fond-of-Rhodesia-video|access-date=27 March 2016|newspaper=Christian Science Monitor|date=18 June 2015}}</ref> and writer. He advocated the creation of an "[[Aryan race|Aryan]] homeland" in the [[Pacific Northwest]] (known as the [[Northwest Territorial Imperative]])<ref>Brennan Clarke (July 25, 2011). [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/british-columbia/neo-nazi-sympathizer-fatally-shot-by-nanaimo-police-didnt-fire-flare-gun-probe-told/article2109423/ "Neo-Nazi sympathizer fatally shot by Nanaimo police didn't fire flare gun, probe told"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727122701/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/british-columbia/neo-nazi-sympathizer-fatally-shot-by-nanaimo-police-didnt-fire-flare-gun-probe-told/article2109423/ |date=July 27, 2011 }}. ''Toronto Globe and Mail''. Retrieved November 7, 2013.</ref> and was the founder of the '''Northwest Front''' ('''NF'''), a [[White separatism|white separatist]] political movement that sought to create a [[white ethnostate]].<ref name=SPLC/>
<ref>{{cite web |last=Donner |first=Andreas |title=On the Death of Harold Covington |url=http://northwestfront.org/2018/07/on-the-death-of-harold-covington/ |website=Archive |date=July 24, 2018 |access-date=June 21, 2023 |archive-date=July 25, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725115458/http://northwestfront.org/2018/07/on-the-death-of-harold-covington/ |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>

==Early life (1953{{endash}}1971)==
==Early life (1953{{endash}}1971)==
Covington was born on September 14, 1953, in [[Burlington, North Carolina|Burlington]], [[North Carolina]], to Forrest McAllister Covington (1925 - 1999) and Frances Anne Covington (née Glass) as the eldest of three children.<ref>{{cite web |website=http://www.covingtonhistory.co.uk/CovhistoryHI.htm}}</ref>
Covington was born on September 14, 1953, in [[Burlington, North Carolina]], to Forrest McAllister Covington (1925 – 1999) and Frances Anne Covington (née Glass) as the eldest of three children.<ref>{{cite web |title=Covington History Full Report|url=http://www.covingtonhistory.co.uk/CovhistoryHI.htm}}</ref>
According to an interview with Covington, at age 15 in 1968 he was sent to [[Chapel Hill High School (Chapel Hill, North Carolina)|Chapel Hill High School]].<ref name=counter>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Greg |author-link=Greg Johnson (white nationalist)|title=Interview with Harold Covington |url=https://www.counter-currents.com/2010/07/interview-with-harold-covington/ |website=Counter-Currents Publishing |date=July 15, 2010 |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref>
According to an interview with Covington, at age 15 in 1968 he was sent to [[Chapel Hill High School (Chapel Hill, North Carolina)|Chapel Hill High School]].<ref name=counter>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Greg |author-link=Greg Johnson (white nationalist)|title=Interview with Harold Covington |url=https://www.counter-currents.com/2010/07/interview-with-harold-covington/ |website=Counter-Currents Publishing |date=July 15, 2010 |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref>


In 1971, he graduated from high school and joined the [[United States Army]].<ref name=SPLC>{{cite web |last1=Lenz |first1=Ryan |title=Harold Covington, founder of white separatist group, dies at 64 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/07/25/harold-covington-founder-white-separatist-group-dies-64 |website=Southern Poverty Law Center |access-date=26 July 2018 |date=July 25, 2018}}</ref>
In 1971, he graduated from high school and joined the [[United States Army]].<ref name=SPLC>{{cite web |last1=Lenz |first1=Ryan |title=Harold Covington, founder of white separatist group, dies at 64 |url=https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2018/07/25/harold-covington-founder-white-separatist-group-dies-64 |website=Southern Poverty Law Center |access-date=26 July 2018 |date=July 25, 2018}}</ref>


==Political activities, Rhodesia and South Africa (1971{{endash}}1979)==
==Early political activities, Rhodesia and South Africa (1971{{endash}}1979)==
In 1971, Covington joined the National Socialist White People's Party (NSWPP), the political successor to the [[American Nazi Party]] (ANP).<ref name=SPLC/> He moved to [[South Africa]] in December 1973,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/05/14/nazis-showing-in-nc-race-embarrasses-gop/84295cd5-37c3-449c-b8b6-cea599978b14/?noredirect=on|title=Nazi's Showing in N.C. Race Embarrasses GOP|last=Guillory|first=Ferrel|date=1980-05-14|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> after his discharge from the U.S. Army, and later to [[Rhodesia]] (now [[Zimbabwe]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbKJU3e59MsC&pg=PA45|title=Codename Greenkil: The 1979 Greensboro Killings|last=Wheaton|first=Elizabeth|date=2009-04-01|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=9780820331485|pages=45|language=en}}</ref> Covington was a founding member of the [[Rhodesian White People's Party]], and later claimed [[Foreign volunteers in the Rhodesian Security Forces|to have served]] in the [[Rhodesian Army]]. He was deported from Rhodesia due to his racist beliefs, particularly due to his threatening letters to the Jewish Community.<ref name=":0" />
In 1971, Covington joined the National Socialist White People's Party (NSWPP), the political successor to the [[American Nazi Party]] (ANP).<ref name=SPLC/> He moved to [[South Africa]] in December 1973,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/05/14/nazis-showing-in-nc-race-embarrasses-gop/84295cd5-37c3-449c-b8b6-cea599978b14/?noredirect=on|title=Nazi's Showing in N.C. Race Embarrasses GOP|last=Guillory|first=Ferrel|date=1980-05-14|newspaper=The Washington Post}}</ref> after his discharge from the U.S. Army, and later to [[Rhodesia]] (now [[Zimbabwe]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kbKJU3e59MsC&pg=PA45|title=Codename Greenkil: The 1979 Greensboro Killings|last=Wheaton|first=Elizabeth|date=2009-04-01|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=9780820331485|pages=45|language=en}}</ref> Covington was a founding member of the [[Rhodesian White People's Party]] and later claimed [[Foreign volunteers in the Rhodesian Security Forces|to have served]] in the [[Rhodesian Army]]. He was deported from Rhodesia due to his racist beliefs, particularly due to his threatening letters to the Jewish community.<ref name=":0" />


==Political activities after returning from Rhodesia==
==Political activities after returning from Rhodesia==
In 1980, while leader of the [[National Socialist Party of America]], he lost a primary election for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nomination for candidates for [[attorney general]] of [[North Carolina]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QxQyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i6IFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3115,5477183&dq=harold-covington&hl=en "Nazi Loses in Republican Primary"]. ''Reading Eagle'' via Google News. May 7, 1980. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref> Covington resigned as president of the NSPA in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VYgiAAAAIBAJ&pg=5063,4821415&dq=harold-covington+underground&hl=en|title=N.C.Nazi Chief Quits|date=March 27, 1981|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> That same year, Covington alleged that would-be presidential assassin [[John Hinckley Jr.]] had formerly been a member of the NSPA. Law enforcement authorities were never able to corroborate this claim, and suggested the alleged connection "may have been fabricated for publicity purposes".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AD8aAAAAIBAJ&pg=4414,3778065&dq=hinckley+covington+law-enforcement-authorities&hl=en|title=Doubts grow over Hinkley's nazi ties|date=April 2, 1981|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref>
In 1980, while leader of the [[National Socialist Party of America]], he lost a primary election for the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] nomination for candidates for [[attorney general]] of [[North Carolina]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QxQyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=i6IFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3115,5477183&dq=harold-covington&hl=en "Nazi Loses in Republican Primary"]. ''Reading Eagle'' via Google News. May 7, 1980. Retrieved February 18, 2013.</ref> Covington resigned as president of the NSPA in 1981.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VYgiAAAAIBAJ&pg=5063,4821415&dq=harold-covington+underground&hl=en|title=N.C.Nazi Chief Quits|date=March 27, 1981|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> That same year, Covington alleged that would-be presidential assassin [[John Hinckley Jr.]] had formerly been a member of the NSPA. Law enforcement authorities were never able to corroborate this claim and suggested the alleged connection "may have been fabricated for publicity purposes".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AD8aAAAAIBAJ&pg=4414,3778065&dq=hinckley+covington+law-enforcement-authorities&hl=en|title=Doubts grow over Hinkley's nazi ties|date=April 2, 1981|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref>


Covington later settled in the United Kingdom for several years, where he made contact with British far-right groups and was involved in setting up the [[neo-Nazi]] terrorist organisation [[Combat 18]] (C18) in 1992. C18 openly promotes violence and [[antisemitism]], and has adopted some of the features of the American far right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive2/uk/uk.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713035219/http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive2/uk/uk.htm|archive-date=July 13, 2015|title=antisem/archive|publisher=[[Institute for Jewish Policy Research]]|date=September 1998|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref>
Covington later settled in the United Kingdom for several years, where he made contact with British far-right groups and was involved in setting up the [[neo-Nazi]] terrorist organisation [[Combat 18]] (C18) in 1992. C18 openly promotes violence and [[antisemitism]] and has adopted some of the features of the American far right.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive2/uk/uk.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713035219/http://www.axt.org.uk/antisem/archive/archive2/uk/uk.htm|archive-date=July 13, 2015|title=antisem/archive|publisher=[[Institute for Jewish Policy Research]]|date=September 1998|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref>


In 1994, Covington started an organization called the National Socialist White People's Party, using the same name of the successor to the American Nazi Party under [[Matthias Koehl|Matt Koehl]] in [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], North Carolina. He launched a website in 1996; using the pseudonym "[[Winston Smith (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|Winston Smith]]" (taken from the novel ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''), Covington became one of the first neo-Nazi presences on the Internet.<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://hatemonitor.csusb.edu/US_Senate/Howard_Berkowitz.html |title=Hate on the Internet: The Anti-Defamation League Perspective – Statement of Anti-Defamation League before the Senate Judiciary Committee |publisher=Hatemonitor.csusb.edu via [[Waybackmachine]] |date=September 14, 1999 |access-date=July 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103132832/http://hatemonitor.csusb.edu/US_Senate/Howard_Berkowitz.html |archive-date=January 3, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=blacksun>[[Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke]] (2001). ''[[Black Sun (Goodrick-Clarke book)|Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity]]''. [[New York University]] Press. p.28. {{ISBN|0-8147-3124-4}}.</ref> Covington used the website and the Winston Smith pseudonym to disseminate [[Holocaust-denial]] material.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gardell |first1=Mattias |title=Gods of the blood : the pagan revival and white separatism |date=2003 |publisher=Duke university press |location=Durham |isbn=9780822330714 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIwwWSSL5JIC&pg=PA106 |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref>
In 1994, Covington started an organization called the National Socialist White People's Party, using the same name of the successor to the American Nazi Party under [[Matthias Koehl|Matt Koehl]], in [[Chapel Hill, North Carolina|Chapel Hill]], North Carolina. He launched a website in 1996; using the pseudonym "[[Winston Smith (Nineteen Eighty-Four)|Winston Smith]]" (taken from the novel ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''), Covington became one of the first neo-Nazi presences on the Internet.<ref name="web.archive.org">{{cite web|url=http://hatemonitor.csusb.edu/US_Senate/Howard_Berkowitz.html |title=Hate on the Internet: The Anti-Defamation League Perspective – Statement of Anti-Defamation League before the Senate Judiciary Committee |publisher=Hatemonitor.csusb.edu via [[Waybackmachine]] |date=September 14, 1999 |access-date=July 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103132832/http://hatemonitor.csusb.edu/US_Senate/Howard_Berkowitz.html |archive-date=January 3, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=blacksun>[[Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke]] (2001). ''[[Black Sun (Goodrick-Clarke book)|Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity]]''. [[New York University]] Press. p.28. {{ISBN|0-8147-3124-4}}.</ref> Covington used the website and the Winston Smith pseudonym to disseminate [[Holocaust-denial]] material.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gardell |first1=Mattias |title=Gods of the blood : the pagan revival and white separatism |date=2003 |publisher=Duke university press |location=Durham |isbn=9780822330714 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FIwwWSSL5JIC&pg=PA106 |access-date=26 July 2018}}</ref>


Beginning in 2005, Covington maintained a political blog titled "Thoughtcrime".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tsai|first1=Robert|title=America's Forgotten Constitutions: Defiant Visions of Power and Community|date=2014|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674059955|page=338|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09aDAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Harold+Covington%22++++blog++%22Thoughtcrime%22&pg=PA338}}</ref> As a fiction writer, Covington authored several occult-themed novels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=harold%20covington|title=Internet Archive Search: Harold Covington|access-date=February 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2003/neo-nazi-harold-covington-authors-cheesy-occult-novels|title=Neo-Nazi Harold Covington Authors Cheesy Occult Novels|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|date=Summer 2003|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> As an author, he is best known for his series of five Northwest Independence novels: ''A Distant Thunder'', ''A Mighty Fortress'', ''The Hill of the Ravens, '' ''The Brigade'', and ''Freedom's Sons''.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294090243_Fighting_for_an_Aryan_Homeland_Harold_Covington_and_the_Northwest_Front Fighting for an Aryan Homeland: Harold Covington and the Northwest Front] </ref>
Beginning in 2005, Covington maintained a political blog titled "Thoughtcrime".<ref>{{cite book|last1=Tsai|first1=Robert|title=America's Forgotten Constitutions: Defiant Visions of Power and Community|date=2014|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674059955|page=338|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09aDAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Harold+Covington%22++++blog++%22Thoughtcrime%22&pg=PA338}}</ref> As a fiction writer, Covington authored several occult-themed novels.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/search.php?query=harold%20covington|title=Internet Archive Search: Harold Covington|access-date=February 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2003/neo-nazi-harold-covington-authors-cheesy-occult-novels|title=Neo-Nazi Harold Covington Authors Cheesy Occult Novels|publisher=[[Southern Poverty Law Center]]|date=Summer 2003|access-date=July 23, 2011}}</ref> As an author, he is best known for his series of five Northwest Independence novels: ''A Distant Thunder'', ''A Mighty Fortress'', ''The Hill of the Ravens, '' ''The Brigade'', and ''Freedom's Sons''. In November of 2008, he founded the Northwest Front, a movement devoted to creating a white ethnostate similar to that depicted in the novels.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294090243_Fighting_for_an_Aryan_Homeland_Harold_Covington_and_the_Northwest_Front|title=(PDF) Fighting for an Aryan Homeland: Harold Covington and the Northwest Front}}</ref>

⚫
Covington was mentioned in the media in connection with the [[Charleston church shooting]], whose perpetrator [[Dylann Roof]] discussed the Northwest Front in his manifesto, and was critical of its means and objectives.<ref>{{cite news |last=Berger |first=Knute |date=2015-07-08 |title= Hate-Filled Zone: The racist roots of a Northwest secession movement |url= https://crosscut.com/2015/07/hate-filled-zone-a-group-of-white-racists-wants-a-nw-secession-a-vile-dream-with-deep-historic-roots |work=Crosscut|access-date=2020-11-25}}</ref> According to Covington, the shooting was "a preview of coming attractions", but he also believed it was a bad idea for his followers to engage in random acts of violence, instead supporting organized revolution.<ref name="roof">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/28/harold-covington-northwest-front-dylann-roof-manifesto-charleston-shooting|title=White supremacist calls Charleston 'a preview of coming attractions'|website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=June 28, 2015}}</ref>


⚫
Covington was mentioned in the media in connection with the [[Charleston church shooting]], whose perpetrator [[Dylann Roof]] discussed the Northwest Front in his manifesto, and was critical of its means and objectives.<ref>{{cite news |last=Berger |first=Knute |date=2015-07-08 |title= Hate-Filled Zone: The racist roots of a Northwest secession movement |url= https://crosscut.com/2015/07/hate-filled-zone-a-group-of-white-racists-wants-a-nw-secession-a-vile-dream-with-deep-historic-roots |work=Crosscut|access-date=2020-11-25}}</ref> According to Covington, the shooting was "a preview of coming attractions", but he also believed it was a bad idea for his followers to engage in random acts of violence, supporting organized revolution instead.<ref name="roof">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/jun/28/harold-covington-northwest-front-dylann-roof-manifesto-charleston-shooting|title=White supremacist calls Charleston 'a preview of coming attractions'|website=[[TheGuardian.com]] |date=June 28, 2015}}</ref>
==Death==
==Death==
Covington died in [[Bremerton, Washington]], on July 14, 2018.<ref name=SPLC/> He is buried at [[Tahoma National Cemetery]].<ref>{{cite web |website=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/192020346/harold-armstead-covington}}</ref>
Covington died in [[Bremerton, Washington]], on July 14, 2018.<ref name=SPLC/>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://vault.fbi.gov/harold-covington/harold-covington-part-01/view Harold Covington Part 01] on the [[FBI Index|FBI Vault]]


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Latest revision as of 03:31, 8 May 2024

Harold Covington
2nd President of the National Socialist Party of America
In office
1977–1981
Preceded byFrank Collin
Succeeded byorganization disbanded
Personal details
Born
Harold Armstead Covington

(1953-09-14)September 14, 1953
Burlington, North Carolina, U.S.
DiedJuly 14, 2018(2018-07-14) (aged 64)
Bremerton, Washington, U.S.
OccupationAuthor
Military career
AllegianceUnited States
Service/branchUnited States Army
Years of service1971–1973
RankPrivate First Class

Harold Armstead Covington (September 14, 1953 – July 14, 2018)[1] was an American neo-Nazi activist[2] and writer. He advocated the creation of an "Aryan homeland" in the Pacific Northwest (known as the Northwest Territorial Imperative)[3] and was the founder of the Northwest Front (NF), a white separatist political movement that sought to create a white ethnostate.[1] [4]

Early life (1953–1971)[edit]

Covington was born on September 14, 1953, in Burlington, North Carolina, to Forrest McAllister Covington (1925 – 1999) and Frances Anne Covington (née Glass) as the eldest of three children.[5] According to an interview with Covington, at age 15 in 1968 he was sent to Chapel Hill High School.[6]

In 1971, he graduated from high school and joined the United States Army.[1]

Early political activities, Rhodesia and South Africa (1971–1979)[edit]

In 1971, Covington joined the National Socialist White People's Party (NSWPP), the political successor to the American Nazi Party (ANP).[1] He moved to South Africa in December 1973,[7] after his discharge from the U.S. Army, and later to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe).[8] Covington was a founding member of the Rhodesian White People's Party and later claimed to have served in the Rhodesian Army. He was deported from Rhodesia due to his racist beliefs, particularly due to his threatening letters to the Jewish community.[8]

Political activities after returning from Rhodesia[edit]

In 1980, while leader of the National Socialist Party of America, he lost a primary election for the Republican nomination for candidates for attorney general of North Carolina.[9] Covington resigned as president of the NSPA in 1981.[10] That same year, Covington alleged that would-be presidential assassin John Hinckley Jr. had formerly been a member of the NSPA. Law enforcement authorities were never able to corroborate this claim and suggested the alleged connection "may have been fabricated for publicity purposes".[11]

Covington later settled in the United Kingdom for several years, where he made contact with British far-right groups and was involved in setting up the neo-Nazi terrorist organisation Combat 18 (C18) in 1992. C18 openly promotes violence and antisemitism and has adopted some of the features of the American far right.[12]

In 1994, Covington started an organization called the National Socialist White People's Party, using the same name of the successor to the American Nazi Party under Matt Koehl, in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. He launched a website in 1996; using the pseudonym "Winston Smith" (taken from the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four), Covington became one of the first neo-Nazi presences on the Internet.[13][14] Covington used the website and the Winston Smith pseudonym to disseminate Holocaust-denial material.[15]

Beginning in 2005, Covington maintained a political blog titled "Thoughtcrime".[16] As a fiction writer, Covington authored several occult-themed novels.[17][18] As an author, he is best known for his series of five Northwest Independence novels: A Distant Thunder, A Mighty Fortress, The Hill of the Ravens, The Brigade, and Freedom's Sons. In November of 2008, he founded the Northwest Front, a movement devoted to creating a white ethnostate similar to that depicted in the novels.[19]

Covington was mentioned in the media in connection with the Charleston church shooting, whose perpetrator Dylann Roof discussed the Northwest Front in his manifesto, and was critical of its means and objectives.[20] According to Covington, the shooting was "a preview of coming attractions", but he also believed it was a bad idea for his followers to engage in random acts of violence, instead supporting organized revolution.[21]

Death[edit]

Covington died in Bremerton, Washington, on July 14, 2018.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e Lenz, Ryan (July 25, 2018). "Harold Covington, founder of white separatist group, dies at 64". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
  2. ^ Murphy, Dan (June 18, 2015). "Why would an American white supremacist be fond of Rhodesia?". Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved March 27, 2016.
  3. ^ Brennan Clarke (July 25, 2011). "Neo-Nazi sympathizer fatally shot by Nanaimo police didn't fire flare gun, probe told" Archived July 27, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Toronto Globe and Mail. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
  4. ^ Donner, Andreas (July 24, 2018). "On the Death of Harold Covington". Archive. Archived from the original on July 25, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  5. ^ "Covington History Full Report".
  6. ^ Johnson, Greg (July 15, 2010). "Interview with Harold Covington". Counter-Currents Publishing. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
  7. ^ Guillory, Ferrel (May 14, 1980). "Nazi's Showing in N.C. Race Embarrasses GOP". The Washington Post.
  8. ^ a b Wheaton, Elizabeth (April 1, 2009). Codename Greenkil: The 1979 Greensboro Killings. University of Georgia Press. p. 45. ISBN 9780820331485.
  9. ^ "Nazi Loses in Republican Primary". Reading Eagle via Google News. May 7, 1980. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  10. ^ "N.C.Nazi Chief Quits". March 27, 1981. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  11. ^ "Doubts grow over Hinkley's nazi ties". April 2, 1981. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  12. ^ "antisem/archive". Institute for Jewish Policy Research. September 1998. Archived from the original on July 13, 2015. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  13. ^ "Hate on the Internet: The Anti-Defamation League Perspective – Statement of Anti-Defamation League before the Senate Judiciary Committee". Hatemonitor.csusb.edu via Waybackmachine. September 14, 1999. Archived from the original on January 3, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  14. ^ Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke (2001). Black Sun: Aryan Cults, Esoteric Nazism and the Politics of Identity. New York University Press. p.28. ISBN 0-8147-3124-4.
  15. ^ Gardell, Mattias (2003). Gods of the blood : the pagan revival and white separatism. Durham: Duke university press. p. 106. ISBN 9780822330714. Retrieved July 26, 2018.
  16. ^ Tsai, Robert (2014). America's Forgotten Constitutions: Defiant Visions of Power and Community. Harvard University Press. p. 338. ISBN 978-0674059955.
  17. ^ "Internet Archive Search: Harold Covington". Retrieved February 18, 2013.
  18. ^ "Neo-Nazi Harold Covington Authors Cheesy Occult Novels". Southern Poverty Law Center. Summer 2003. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  19. ^ "(PDF) Fighting for an Aryan Homeland: Harold Covington and the Northwest Front".
  20. ^ Berger, Knute (July 8, 2015). "Hate-Filled Zone: The racist roots of a Northwest secession movement". Crosscut. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
  21. ^ "White supremacist calls Charleston 'a preview of coming attractions'". TheGuardian.com. June 28, 2015.

External links[edit]

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