Charles Manson

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Charles Manson (2017)
Signature of Charles Manson

Charles Manson (born November 12, 1934 in Cincinnati , Ohio as Charles Milles Maddox , † November 19, 2017 in Bakersfield , California ) was an American criminal and musician . He was leader of the Manson Family , a cult-like structured community , which in 1969 made headlines worldwide when some of its members of the Tate - LaBianca were murders transferred. Manson had ordered the murders and was therefore sentenced to death for sevenfold murders and in one case for dating to murder . After the death penalty was abolished in California in 1972, he served a life sentence .

Life

Origin and childhood (1934–1947)

Manson was born on November 12, 1934 as the illegitimate child of the then 16-year-old Kathleen Maddox († 1973) in Cincinnati, Ohio. A few months later, his mother married the worker William Manson, whose last name was Charles. Charles Manson says he never met his birth father. Court documents indicate that in 1936 his mother initiated a paternity determination against a "Colonel Scott" from Ashland , Kentucky . Scott, whose first name is unknown, was court ordered to pay alimony for Manson on April 19, 1937, but failed to meet this obligation and is believed to have died in 1954.

In 1939, Manson's mother, along with her brother Luther, carried out an armed robbery of a gas station, after which she was sentenced to five years in prison. During her detention, Manson lived with an aunt and uncle in McMechen , West Virginia . From 1942 Manson lived again with his mother, who had been released early on parole. In retrospect, Manson recalled living in rundown hotels for the years that followed. In addition, his mother was an alcoholic and had numerous male acquaintances.

By court order, Manson came to the Gibault School for Boys in 1947 , a correctional home in Terre Haute , Indiana . There he fell through lack of adaptability, low willingness to learn and moodiness and paranoia on. After ten months he ran away and went back to his mother, who did not want to take him in. Shortly thereafter, he was caught in a burglary, whereupon a court sent him to Boys Town , a youth welfare organization founded by Edward Flanagan near Omaha , Nebraska . Just a few days after his arrival, the then 13-year-old Manson fled with another boy to his uncle in Peoria , Illinois . On the way there they carried out two armed robberies. In Peoria they were caught in a burglary that their uncle had instigated them to do. Manson was then sent to a juvenile detention center in Plainfield , Indiana.

Stays in juvenile detention centers (1948–1954)

In the three years he spent in Plainfield, he escaped from the juvenile detention center a total of 18 times. The 16-year-old Manson made his last escape in February 1951 with two inmates and a stolen car that was supposed to take them to California. According to his own estimate, they committed up to 20 robberies along the way. In Utah , they were picked up at a random police checkpoint. By crossing multiple state lines in a stolen car, Manson had broken federal law, the Dyer Act , for the first time . On March 9, 1951, he was taken to a Washington, DC juvenile detention center . There Manson took part in an intelligence test that determined him to have an average IQ of 109. In his prison record he was described as an aggressive, anti-social , restless and moody youth with an unhelpful family life .

In June 1951, he was examined by a psychiatrist who found Manson's life to have "considerable levels of rejection, lack of stability and psychological trauma." The appraiser also found that Manson suppressed all thoughts of his mother because of feelings of inferiority. In order to assert himself against other boys with his comparatively small height of 1.57 m, he has “acquired certain simple behavior patterns when dealing with other people. Most of all, they consist of a keen sense of humor [and] the ability to make oneself popular ... All in all, this could lead to the development of a 'slippery', adjusted personality, but the impression remains that there is an extreme behind it all sensitive boy hiding who has not yet given up hope of some form of love and affection in the world. ”After three months of psychotherapy, the psychiatrist recommended placement in a lower security facility, Manson's October 24th 1951 was transferred.

In January 1952 he threatened a fellow inmate, who was also a teenager, with a razor blade and forced him to have anal sex . A three-month shortening of his sentence that had been promised to him was not granted. Instead, he was sent to a reformatory in Petersberg , Virginia , where he was classified as "dangerous". His file noted, "Manson clearly has homosexual and violent tendencies." On September 22, 1952, he was transferred to the Chillicothe , Ohio Federal Reformatory on September 22, 1952 because of multiple disciplinary violations and because he was considered a security risk to himself and others . According to the prison records, he stood out there because of his “negative attitude towards authority”, but nevertheless showed himself to be cooperative and willing to work. His tasks included the repair and maintenance of the prison vehicles. Manson, who was illiterate until he was 17, also learned to read. On May 8, 1954, he was paroled for good conduct.

First marriage and imprisonment on Terminal Island (1955–1958)

Manson while in custody at the Federal Correctional Institution on Terminal Island, California, in 1956.

On probation, the now 19-year-old moved back to his aunt and uncle in McMechen, where he met the waitress Rosalie Jean Willis († 2009), whom he married in January 1955. Manson took on temporary jobs as a waiter, gas station attendant and parking lot attendant to provide for a living together. He later confessed to having committed at least six car thefts during this time. In late July 1955, Manson drove with his 17-year-old, now pregnant wife in a stolen car from Bridgeport , Ohio, to Los Angeles, whereupon he was arrested in September of the same year for car theft and again violating the Dyer Act . He pleaded guilty and told the court-appointed psychiatric assessor, "I've spent so much time in institutions that I never really learned what the real life out there really is." The assessor still looked at Manson Security risk, since the previous stays in the asylum had no effect, he recommended to the court a parole release and under careful supervision: "Possibly he gets caught by the bond with the wife and the prospect of paternity." The court followed the opinion and released Manson was released from custody in November 1955 and given a five-year probationary period.

After failing to appear on trial, he was arrested again on March 14, 1956. That same month, while Manson was in prison, his first son, Charles Manson Jr., was born. On April 23, 1956, Manson's parole was revoked and he was sentenced to three years' imprisonment at the Federal Correctional Institution on Terminal Island , near Los Angeles. During the first year of his imprisonment, Rosalie visited him weekly. Before his son was born, Manson had said to a psychiatrist: "She is the best wife a man could wish for [...] She is the only person who has ever meant anything to me in my life." Manson told his mother that his wife had met another man. On April 10, 1957, he attempted to escape, whereupon his parole application was rejected at a hearing on April 22, 1957. Soon after, Rosalie filed for divorce, which became final in 1958. She was given custody of their child and remarried. After that, Manson had no more contact with her and his son. (Charles Jr. later changed his name to Jay White and committed suicide in 1993. According to Jason Freeman - White's son and Manson's grandson - his father couldn't cope with the actions of Charles Sr.)

While incarcerated on Terminal Island, Manson asked to be used in a small workgroup, citing his tendency to mess around in larger groups. His moodiness, unpredictability, lack of self-control and unsteady work ethic were noted in his prison records. He played basketball, boxed and had gay relationships with other inmates. In another intelligence test, he achieved an above-average IQ value of 121. According to several inmates on Terminal Island, Manson found out about pimping and control methods from appropriately experienced inmates . Manson was released on September 30, 1958 and served five years probation.

Activity as a pimp, second marriage and re-imprisonment (1958–1967)

He moved in with a pimp under surveillance by the FBI and, according to FBI investigators, started pimping a 16-year-old girl named Judy, whose father reported to the police on January 1, 1959, from November 1958. Manson denied the pimping charge to his probation officer . On May 1, 1959, Manson was arrested again after stealing a check from a mailbox, forging it, and then trying to cash it in a Los Angeles supermarket. When the officers during his police questioning for a moment were inattentive, stolen Manson the check in the amount of 37.50 dollars and swallowed it. Despite the missing evidence, Manson was charged with mail theft and check forgery on September 28, 1959. During the trial, a 19-year-old woman called "Leona" appeared in court claiming that Manson was pregnant and that she would marry him if he were released. The court sentenced Manson to ten years' imprisonment, which was suspended despite the prosecution, psychiatric assessor and probation officer objecting to it. It later emerged that “Leona” was a prostitute named Candy Stevens who worked for Manson and that she had only faked the pregnancy.

In November 1959, he met a 19-year-old with whom he had a brief sexual relationship and whom he cheated out of her entire savings of $ 700. As a result of the affair, there was an ectopic pregnancy from which the young woman almost died. In December 1959, he broke the Mann Act when he drove to New Mexico with Candy Stevens and another girl , where they prostituted themselves for him. He was interrogated, but initially remained at large and married Stevens a little later. Bugliosi suspects that by marrying he wanted to prevent her from having to testify against him. His second son, Charles Luther Manson, is said to have emerged from the marriage, which was divorced on April 10, 1963. On April 28, 1960 , when he was to be charged with violating the Mann Act , Manson was on the run. On June 1, 1960, he was apprehended in Laredo , Texas, and taken back to Los Angeles, where a judge revoked his parole for violating parole on June 23, 1960, commenting on that decision: “If ever there has been a man, manson appealed unsuccessfully and was sent to McNeil Island State Prison in Washington in July 1961 to serve his ten-year sentence. However, charges of violating the Mann Act were dropped.

Alvin Karpis , with whom Manson was imprisoned in McNeil Island State Prison in Washington and with whom he learned to play the guitar.

During his incarceration in McNeil Prison he studied Scientology and made friends with his fellow inmate Alvin Karpis , who was a member of the Ma-Barker gang and who taught him to play the guitar. When the Beatles toured the United States in 1964 and Beatlemania took place there, fellow prisoners reported that Manson had shown an almost obsessive interest in the four musicians from Liverpool. Karpis later said of Manson's behavior at the time: "He was constantly telling people he could come on like the Beatles, if he got the chance." ("He kept telling people he could make it big as The Beatles if he got the chance.") According to an arrest report, Manson composed between 80 and 90 songs in the first five months of 1966 alone and he hoped he could to be able to sell after his release from prison.

In June 1966, Manson was again transferred to Terminal Island Detention Center. On the day of his early release, March 21, 1967, he begged the prison management in vain to be allowed to stay because he could not manage outside the prison walls. At this point, 32-year-old Manson had spent over 17 years, more than half his life, in prison.

Leader of the Manson Family

Beginnings in San Francisco

Location of Haight-Ashbury (red) in San Francisco, where Manson and his followers lived during the Summer of Love in 1967.

Manson went to Berkeley , where he made his living first as a street musician and with begging and occasional appearances in clubs. One day he met Mary Brunner , then 23 , who had a degree in history from the University of Wisconsin and was a library assistant at the University of California . Bugliosi describes Manson's move into Brunner's apartment soon afterwards as the "birth of the Manson Family " - a Manson-led, sect-like commune , which numerous young women and men joined in the following months.

Lynette Fromme , nicknamed "Squeaky," was the second young woman to join Manson in the summer of 1967. During the Summer of Love Manson lived with Brunner, Fromme, a former nun named Mary Ann and two former inmates in Haight-Ashbury , one of the main centers of the hippie movement. They practiced “ free love ”, made music, lived on food given out for free by the anarchist hippie activist group The Diggers , and took drugs - especially LSD . According to Manson, the revelation that he was Jesus Christ came to him during an LSD trip at a Grateful Dead concert .

Relocation to Los Angeles

Susan Atkins (2001) met Manson in 1967 in San Francisco

From the end of July 1967, Manson toured the California coast with his followers. During this time Brunner became pregnant by him. In September 1967 they were joined by Patricia Krenwinkel , then 18 , aka Katie, and Bruce Davis, aged 25 . In October 1967 they bought an old school bus, which they painted black, and which they took to several US states in the weeks that followed. In November 1967, 19-year-old Susan Atkins , alias Sadie, and Ella Jo Bailey , alias Yellerstone, joined the group in San Francisco and 14-year-old Ruth Ann Moorehouse , alias Ouisch, in San José . Moorehouse's angry father went in search of his daughter and a few days later tracked down the Manson Family near Los Angeles. Manson then administered LSD to the man and was able to convince him to leave Ruth Ann in his care.

Since the bus offered too little space for the constantly growing Manson Family, they moved into a house in Topanga Canyon in Los Angeles County at the end of November / beginning of December 1967 . The house was named the Spiral Staircase because a spiral staircase led to its entrance and belonged to a Satanist from San Francisco. At a party that the Manson Family gave in the Spiral Staircase , Manson met the 21-year-old musician Bobby Beausoleil , who was then living with the music teacher and later murder victim Gary Hinman .

Manson's philosophy, leadership style and "prophecy"

Manson's philosophy was based on a racist mindset: only whites were welcome as members. Although Manson proclaimed that women had no souls and only had a right to exist as servants of men, it was especially the female members of the group who kept attracting new applicants. Sometimes the rush was so great that Manson decided by drawing lots who could stay or who had to go.

The family was run authoritatively by Manson. Listening to " Negro music" (for example Jimi Hendrix ) was strictly forbidden, as was wearing glasses or eating meat. Manson tried to attract and retain new members through drugs and group sex . He made the members docile with psychological and sexual addiction as well as drugs, especially LSD .

Manson prophesied that in 1969 black Americans would rebel and commit gruesome murders in the mansions of wealthy white Americans. A race war would result, which the African Americans would win, after which all white Americans would be murdered. The only way to survive this massacre is to join him and his family . The victorious blacks, according to Manson, would be incapable of leading themselves because of the "slavish nature of their race". Therefore, at some point they would choose him as their new leader and make him ruler of the world .

He announced to his followers that under the Valley of Death there was a huge cave as the entrance to paradise , in which one could hide from the inevitable race riots and only survive there. Later all those there would be led into bliss by Jesus and the Beatles , the latter all four as angels . Manson called the chaos of the allegedly impending race war " Helter Skelter ", referring to the Beatles song of the same name , from which he believed he could hear secret messages in this regard.

After contacting satanic communities in the spring of 1968, Manson announced that he was himself Jesus and Satan in one person and declared himself a rebirth of the British occultist and writer Aleister Crowley .

When the riots announced by Manson didn’t set in in 1969, he claimed the need to "show stupid blacks how to kill whites". To get attention, his targets were the rich and famous in Bel Air . By attacking them he believed he could trigger the hoped-for war between whites and African-Americans.

Musician Manson

In 1968 Dennis Wilson , a member of the American band The Beach Boys , picked up two hitchhikers who belonged to Manson's group. This introduced Wilson to Manson. At times the family lived in Wilson's villa (14400 Sunset Boulevard ) in Los Angeles. Initially, Wilson made friends with the situation. He liked to talk to Manson about his philosophy, they took drugs together, talked about music and made music together.

Manson and Dennis Wilson began writing songs together. Wilson wanted to help him break into the music business. His two brothers, Brian and Carl Wilson , produced a demo recording with Charles Manson and other family members for this purpose . Dennis Wilson was also the one who introduced Manson to the music producer Terry Melcher . However, after initial interest, the recordings were not relocated.

Manson's song Cease to Exist made it to a Beach Boys single as B-side in 1969 under the title Never Learn Not to Love . However, Dennis Wilson had made some changes to Manson's song, especially the lyrics, which greatly changed the meaning of the song. Manson was very angry about this. As a fee he received money and a BSA motorcycle , which he gave to the family member "Little Paul", but was not named as the author of the song.

The family used Dennis Wilson's property without being asked, including his credit card, stole clothing, and gave away or exchanged ten gold plates from Wilson; one received the owner of the Barker Ranch. Wilson estimated the family's lodging cost him $ 100,000. Once, according to his statement, Manson threatened Wilson with a knife, who took it calmly. Shortly thereafter, Wilson moved out of his own villa and left it to his management to tidy up the villa and to expel the family from the house. He broke off contact with Manson in the spring of 1969, and in the summer Manson again demanded money from him and even threatened to kidnap Wilson's son Scott. Dennis Wilson and Terry Melcher saw no alternative but to go underground for a short time and gain distance at Lake Arrowhead.

In 1969, after the murders, the public became aware of the musician Manson. A folk rock critic described the songs as very ordinary, but with a good guitar rhythm, but could not discover anything original about the music. He described the lyrics as " scary ". Dennis Wilson also commented on Manson's musical talent . He said that he liked his spontaneity when making music, but that he didn't have a single spark of musicality. In contrast to this statement after Manson's arrest, he had previously strongly supported Manson's ambitions as a musician.

In 1970 Manson's first long-playing record was released under the title LIE , the sales figures were insignificant. Manson was musically active until his death and published his music on small labels.

Escalating violence and murders

In mid-1968 the Manson family moved into permanent quarters at the Spahn Movie Ranch . The ranch was a film site not far from Los Angeles, where numerous westerns and cowboy series (including Bonanza ) had been shot. Physical and psychological violence, especially against female members, played a role within the commune, but mainly violence against outsiders increased. Music producer Terry Melcher witnessed Manson beat up ranch cowboy Randy Starr in the spring of 1969.

On July 1, 1969, Manson seriously injured the black drug dealer Bernard Crowe with a shot in the stomach. Manson used the same weapon that was used shortly afterwards by Charles "Tex" Watson in the Tate murders.

Gary Hinman's murder

The first documented murder carried out by Charles Manson's supporters occurred in late July 1969. After ongoing financial differences in connection with minor drug deals, members of the family killed music teacher Gary Hinman, who had previously housed family members at his home . Mary Brunner , Bobby Beausoleil and Susan Atkins were supposed to collect the money from Hinman on Manson's instructions, which failed despite repeated use of force.

After two days, Manson, accompanied by Bruce Davis, appeared in person at the scene and cut or chopped off Hinman's ear. Beausoleil then stabbed Hinman in Manson's absence. The murderers left the words "Political piggy" on the walls with Hinman's blood.

Shortly afterwards, Beausoleil was picked up by the police, asleep in Hinman's car, with bloodied clothes. Hinman's body had already been found and the car was put out to be searched. Beausoleil was taken into custody on suspicion of murder.

The Tate murders

Charles "Tex" Watson (around 2000)

A few days later, Charles Manson sent Susan Atkins , Patricia Krenwinkel , Linda Kasabian and Charles Watson to the house on Cielo Drive, which Melcher had previously lived in. Melcher no longer lived there at that time. The heavily pregnant actress Sharon Tate , who had rented the house with her husband Roman Polański , her friends Jay Sebring , Abigail Folger and Wojciech Frykowski and Steven Parent , who happened to be on the property, were all victims of the family . The group broke into the house on the night of August 8th to 9th, 1969 and murdered those present with gunshots and numerous stab wounds. With the blood of Sharon Tate, Susan Atkins wrote the word "PIG" (English for 'pig') on the front door.

LaBianca double homicide

Leslie Van Houten (1999)

The next day, members of the family murdered the Italian supermarket owner and his wife, Leno and Rosemary LaBianca , who ran a luxury boutique, in their mansion in Los Angeles. Manson himself was there initially, handcuffing the victims and then leaving the scene before the murders. Watson, Krenwinkel and Leslie Van Houten , who has not yet appeared violently , then committed the murders. With the blood of the victims, the words "Death to pigs" and "Rise" were written on the walls of the house and "Healter Skelter" was smeared on the refrigerator door. Leno LaBianca had the word “WAR” (English for “war”) carved into his stomach , and a carving fork was stuck in his stomach.

The murders in the Polański villa and the LaBianca estate were initially not linked by the police and investigated separately. That the two crime scenes were directly related only became clear in late October 1969, when Susan Atkins bragged to two inmates of her involvement in the Tate murders in prison, where she was incarcerated on suspicion of murder in the Hinman case.

Assassination of Donald "Shorty" Shea

Steve Dennis Grogan (late 1960s)

On August 16, about a week after the murders, most of those involved, including Manson, were arrested at the Spahn Movie Ranch - not for murder, but for stealing a car. Manson suspected that stunt man Donald "Shorty" Shea, who worked at Spahn Movie Ranch, had betrayed her. After Manson and other members were released, Shea disappeared without a trace in late August 1969. Although the body was not found for a long time, several family members were convicted of the murder of Shea, including Charles Watson , Bruce Davis, and Steve Dennis Grogan , who led investigators to Shea's grave near Spahn Movie Ranch in early 1977 as part of his rehabilitation efforts .

Motive of acts of violence

The exact motives for the Tate and LaBianca murders are still not clearly clarified. According to the indictment responsible prosecutor Vincent Bugliosi Manson went through the murders the dreamed of him and prophesied " Helter Skelter- want to rekindle" -Chaos. Rosemary LaBianca's wallet was placed in a gas station in a black neighborhood, blacks were told to use credit cards so that blacks could be blamed for the murders. A race war between whites and blacks was to be the result. Several family members gave this as the motive for the acts. The prosecution based their indictment on the helter-skelter motif. Only with this motive could she convict Manson, who had always taken care not to be personally present at the murders, as the intellectual author and instigator. The jury followed the chain of evidence presented in its guilty verdict, including the Helter-Skelter motif.

Another reason could have been the imprisonment of family member Bobby Beausoleil . After a failed mescaline deal, Beausoleil had killed the music teacher Gary Hinman on Manson's orders (see above). Atkins, Krenwinkel, Van Houten and Watson may have staged the subsequent murders as copycat acts to exonerate the imprisoned Beausoleil. Manson also responded to this in his defense speech, in which he said that everything happened only out of love for her unjustly arrested "brother" Robert Beausoleil.

Another unconfirmed theory is that the murders at 10050 Cielo Drive should have hit the music producer and previous tenant of the house, Terry Melcher. Melcher had not given Manson a record deal and lived on Cielo Drive until January 1969. However, Manson had been on the property the day before Sharon Tate's departure for England in the spring of 1969 and was turned away at the door by Sharon Tate's photographer with the information that Melcher no longer lived there. He therefore had to know that new tenants had moved in. The owner of the property, Rudi Altobelli, later remembered the joint flight to Europe with Tate and their remark about the visitor from the previous day. Manson had made a very negative impression on her, according to Altobelli's statements.

arrest

Death Valley National Park outline map

On August 16, 1969, Manson and his family were arrested on suspicion of car theft at Spahn's Movie Ranch in the Santa Susana Mountains . A few days later, they had to be released on an incorrectly dated arrest warrant. Manson and his followers moved to the Barker Ranch in Death Valley National Park .

On October 12, 1969, they were arrested there during a police raid. The group had set fire to a new road construction machine (acquisition value US $ 30,000) and thus attracted attention. Manson and his supporters have been charged with arson and aggravated theft. Only in the following weeks was the series of murders cleared up by the testimony of two fellow prisoners of Susan Atkins. Before that, Atkins had boasted of her involvement in the Tate murders. The police investigations that followed soon revealed that the Manson family was responsible for the Tate murders, the murders of the LaBianca couple, of Gary Hinman and also of Donald Shea's disappearance.

process

Charles Manson (1971)

On July 24, 1970, the Tate LaBianca murder trial of Charles Manson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel and Leslie Van Houten began in Los Angeles. The prosecution represented Vincent Bugliosi ; Linda Kasabian testified as a key witness. In what was the longest criminal case in US history to date, the jury spent 225 days in isolation in the Ambassador Hotel ( sequestration ). The process was turbulent. Manson's female co-defendants made bizarre self-accusations and protested the innocence of their group leader. The bizarre self-stylization of the accused, the cruelty of the acts and the unexplained death of Ronald Hughes, Van Houten's defense attorney, who made himself unpopular with the family because he blamed Manson, generated unprecedented media interest.

During the trial, Manson first burned an X in his forehead, which he converted into a swastika during the trial , which could be seen until his death. His followers followed his example and burned or cut an X in their foreheads as well; but they did not adopt the swastika.

On March 29, 1971, the jury sentenced the four defendants to death in the gas chamber for sevenfold murders and, in one case, for dating to murder . Presiding Judge Charles Older upheld the verdict on April 19, 1971.

Incarceration, prison and death

Manson was placed on death row in San Quentin in April 1971 . On February 18, 1972, the California Supreme Court ruled that the death penalty was unconstitutional. All death sentences were then commuted to life imprisonment. In October 1972 Manson was transferred to Folsom State Prison . In 1973 there was a poison attack on him with strychnine , which he survived.

In May 1976 he was transferred to the largest US prison hospital, California State Medical Corrections Facility, in Vacaville . The restoration of the death penalty in California in 1978 had no bearing on those sentenced to death under Manson; the conversion of the death penalty to life imprisonment was mandatory under the law. In 1984 Manson was showered with nitro thinner by a fellow prisoner and set on fire, he suffered severe burns . In July 1985 Manson was brought back to San Quentin, and from March 1989 he was imprisoned in California State Prison Corcoran . On April 11, 2012, his twelfth parole request was denied.

On November 7, 2014, Manson was given permission to marry Afton, 26, Elaine Burton. He let his marriage license lapse in February 2015 because he was convinced that his fiancée was only out to get hold of his body after his death, in order to issue it and to earn money with it. Charles Manson died on November 19, 2017, at the age of 83, in a Bakersfield hospital of complications from colon cancer .

reception

Marilyn Manson uses his stage name to refer to Charles Manson.

Even during his lifetime, Charles Manson was considered a “dark icon of pop culture ” and “a symbol of absolute evil”. Vincent Bugliosi once said of him and his followers: "He is their spiritual icon, the high priest of anti- establishment hatred". In retrospect, Uwe Schmitt describes the sensation surrounding Manson as an " amoral cult [...] which is difficult to understand and which, when it was discovered by the next generation, lived on in ever more neo-cults."

Manson's person has been incorporated into numerous artistic works. One of the best-known references is Brian Warner's stage name Marilyn Manson . The connection of Marilyn Monroe 's first name with Manson's last name is intended to symbolize the inseparability of good and bad and to contrast two extremes of American popular culture.

Although Charles Manson's dream of a successful career in the music business never came true, it still found its way into music history as numerous famous musicians made use of the songs he wrote or his quotations. Manson's voice can be heard as a sample on Cabaret Voltaire's The Covenant, the Sword and the Arm of the Lord from 1985, on Skinny Puppys Worlock from 1989 and on Marilyn Manson's My Monkey (1994). The Lemonheads released a cover version of Manson's You're Home Is Where You're Happy in 1988 and Guns N 'Roses released Manson's Look at Your Game, Girl as a hidden title on the album The Spaghetti Incident? (1993).

Manson's likeness can be seen on various merchandising items (e.g. T-shirts, mugs and posters), the sale of which generated revenues of several million US dollars in the period from 1970 to 1986 alone. Partly Manson earned from selling the articles. More than 30 books have been published about him, including Bugliosis Helter Skelter , which has sold over seven million copies worldwide. Manson gave numerous interviews and appeared several times on the front pages of US magazines such as Life (issue of December 19, 1969) or Rolling Stone (issue of June 25, 1970).

His life and crimes were the subject of the 1973 Oscar- nominated documentary Manson and the television film Helter Skelter - Night of the Long Knives (1976) and inspired musicals, plays and fictional acts in films such as Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019) and Series (e.g. American Horror Story , South Park or Mindhunter ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Charles Manson  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikiquote: Charles Manson  - Quotes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, pp. 207–210.
  2. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 210.
  3. ↑ a b Quoted from Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 211.
  4. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 211.
  5. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 212.
  6. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, pp. 212-213.
  7. ↑ a b c Quoted from Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 214.
  8. ^ A b Ed Sanders : The Family. 2002, p. 3; Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 214.
  9. ↑ Quoted from Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 213 f.
  10. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 215; according to Ed Sanders: The Family. In 2002, p. 4, however, the escape attempt took place on May 24, 1957.
  11. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 215.
  12. ↑ Michael Remke: Charles Manson's legacy could be so valuable. In: welt.de . November 23, 2017, accessed February 16, 2019.
  13. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 214 f.
  14. ^ Ed Sanders: The Family. 2002, p. 4.
  15. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 214.
  16. ^ Ed Sanders: The Family. 2002, p. 4.
  17. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 215.
  18. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 215; Ed Sanders: The Family. 2002, p. 5.
  19. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 216; according to Ed Sanders: The Family. In 2002, p. 5, however, the amount of the check was US $ 34.50.
  20. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 216.
  21. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 216 f.
  22. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 217.
  23. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, pp. 217, 220.
  24. ↑ Quoted from Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 218.
  25. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 218.
  26. ^ A b Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 220.
  27. ↑ Quoted from Ed Sanders: The Family. 2002, p. 11.
  28. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 221.
  29. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 247.
    Ed Sanders: The Family. 2002, p. 12.
  30. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, p. 247.
  31. ^ Ed Sanders: The Family. 2002, p. 13 ff.
  32. ^ Ed Sanders: The Family. 2002, pp. 15-21.
  33. ^ Ed Sanders: The Family. 2002, p. 22 ff.
  34. ^ Ed Sanders: The Family . S. 175 .
  35. ^ Ed Sanders: The Family . S. 135-137, 144 .
  36. ^ Ed Sanders: The Family . S. 69 .
  37. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi: Helter Skelter. The True Story of the Manson Murders . S. 372-373 .
  38. ^ A b Ed Sanders: The Family . S. 83-84 .
  39. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi: Helter Skelter. The True Story of the Manson Murders . S. 373 .
  40. ↑ Charles Manson at Discogs , accessed on November 20, 2017 (English).
  41. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry (arr.): Helter Skelter. Charles Manson's murder frenzy . Riva, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-86883-057-6 , pp. 604 .
  42. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry (arr.): Helter Skelter. Charles Manson's murder frenzy . Riva, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-86883-057-6 , pp. 70-71 . Ed Sanders: The Family . S.
     305 .
  43. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry (arr.): Helter Skelter. Charles Manson's murder frenzy . Riva, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-86883-057-6 , pp. 445-561 / 599 .
  44. ↑ a b Charles Manson's testimony from November 19, 1970. Translated by Wolfram Bernhardt. In: serien-killer.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2009 ; Retrieved on July 19, 2018 (Manson wanted to defend himself, but was forbidden to do so. He only had the opportunity to express himself as a defendant. The German translation of his one-hour testimony can be found here.).
  45. ↑ Ivor Davis: The Devil's disciples: 40 years after his killing sprees, Charles Manson is now a grotesque celebrity with a Twitter page. In: dailymail.co.uk. August 8, 2009, accessed August 15, 2019 (English, with photos by Manson from the 1960s / 1970s and around 30 years later).
  46. ↑ Vincent Bugliosi, Curt Gentry: Helter Skelter. 2017, pp. 649, 661.
  47. ↑ Charles Manson remains in prison. In: orf.at . April 11, 2012, accessed September 10, 2019 .
  48. ↑ The murderer Charles Manson is allowed to marry 26-year-olds . In: welt.de . November 18, 2014, accessed October 1, 2019.
  49. ↑ Christopher Hooton: Charles Manson wedding off after it emerges that fiancee Afton Elaine Burton 'just wanted his corpse for display'. In: independent.co.uk. February 9, 2015, accessed September 5, 2019 .
  50. ↑ Helena Düll: Autopsy: Charles Manson died of cardiac arrest and other health problems. In: rollingstone.de. December 12, 2017. Retrieved July 19, 2018 .
  51. ↑ a b c d Carolin Gasteiger: How a serial killer became a pop icon. In: sueddeutsche.de . November 20, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  52. ↑ Jens Balzer: Charles Manson: Symbol of Evil. In: Zeit Online . November 22, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  53. ↑ Uwe Schmitt: How Charles Manson was pardoned as a pop icon. In: welt.de . November 20, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  54. ^ Elisabeth Garber-Paul: Charles Manson's Musical Legacy: A Murderer's Words in 9 Tracks. In: rollingstone.com . August 9, 2016, accessed September 27, 2019.
  55. ^ Massimo Introvigne: Satanism: A Social History. Brill Academic Pub, Leiden 2016, ISBN 978-90-04-28828-7 , p. 338.
  56. ↑ Charles Manson Gets Royalties on T-Shirts . In: The New York Times . November 25, 1993 ( nytimes.com [accessed March 15, 2019]).
personal data
SURNAME Manson, Charles
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Manson, Charles Milles (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American murderer
DATE OF BIRTH November 12, 1934
PLACE OF BIRTH Cincinnati , Ohio , United States
DATE OF DEATH 19th November 2017
Place of death Bakersfield , California