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{{short description|Inlet on the coast of Cornwall, England}}
{{Geobox|National Trust Property
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
| name =Kynance Cove
{{Infobox body of water
| category = National Trust Property
| image = Kynance 087.jpg
| name = Kynance Cove
| native_name =
| image_caption =Kynance Cove, Lizard peninsula, Cornwall
| native_name_lang =
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<!-- Images -->
| country = [[England]]
| image = Kynance 087.jpg
| state = [[Cornwall]]
| region = [[South West England]]
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| caption = Kynance Cove, Lizard peninsula, Cornwall
| district = [[The Lizard]]
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| alt_bathymetry =
| location = two miles north of Lizard Point on the western side of the Lizard peninsula
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| location = [[South West England]], [[Cornwall]], [[England]]
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| footnotes =Map Ref: SW6813
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'''Kynance Cove''' ({{lang-kw|'''Porth Keynans'''}}, meaning ''ravine cove'') is a [[cove]] on the eastern side of [[Mount's Bay]], [[Cornwall]], [[United Kingdom]]. It is situated on the [[The Lizard|Lizard peninsula]] approximately two miles (3&nbsp;km) north of [[Lizard Point, Cornwall|Lizard Point]].<ref name=os>Ordnance Survey,Explorer Map 103, The Lizard, Falmouth and Helston. ISBN 978-0-319-23704-5</ref> The cove became popular in the early [[Victorian era]], with many distinguished visitors including poet [[Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson|Alfred Tennyson]].<ref>[http://www.objectiveone.com/client/media/media-343.htm Objective One webpage: Kynance visits by Alfred Tennyson.]</ref> The [[BBC]] has described Kynance Cove as "one of the most beautiful stretches of coastline in the South West." <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/england/sevenwonders/southwest/south-west-cornwall/index.shtml BBC sevenwonders south-west-cornwall]</ref> The [[South West Coast Path]], which follows the coast of south west England from [[Somerset]] to [[Dorset]] passes by on the cliffs over-looking Kynance Cove.<ref name=os/>
'''Kynance Cove''' ({{lang-kw|'''Porth Keynans'''}}, meaning ''ravine cove'') is a [[cove]] on the eastern side of [[Mount's Bay]], [[Cornwall]], England. It is situated on the [[The Lizard|Lizard peninsula]] approximately two miles (3&nbsp;km) north of [[Lizard Point, Cornwall|Lizard Point]].<ref name=os>Ordnance Survey,Explorer Map 103, The Lizard, Falmouth and Helston. {{ISBN|978-0-319-23704-5}}</ref> The cove became popular in the early [[Victorian era]], with many distinguished visitors including [[Queen Victoria]] and [[Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha|Prince Albert]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GmbGCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT158 Penzance: The Biography, Mike Sagar-Fenton, page 158]</ref> and the poets [[Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson|Alfred Tennyson]] and [[Algernon Swinburne]].<ref>[http://www.objectiveone.com/client/media/media-343.htm Kynance visits by Alfred Tennyson], objectiveone.com. Accessed 28 July 2023.</ref> The [[BBC]] has described Kynance Cove as "one of the most beautiful stretches of coastline in the South West".<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/england/sevenwonders/southwest/south-west-cornwall/index.shtml South-West Cornwall], bbc.co.uk. Accessed 28 July 2023.</ref> The [[South West Coast Path]], which follows the coast of south west England from [[Somerset]] to [[Dorset]] passes by on the cliffs overlooking the cove.<ref name=os/>


Kynance Cove and the surrounding coast are owned and managed by the [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]]. It is part of the West Lizard [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] (SSSI) and is in the [[Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]. The Kynance Café (which first opened for business in 1929) relied until recently on spring water, and on a generator for power. When the café became the property of the National Trust in 1999, the Trust renovated it and provided mains water and electricity. Access is via the [[South West Coast Path#West Cornwall|South-west coastal footpath]] from the nearby [[National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty|National Trust]] car park.<ref name="NT F&A">{{cite web|title=Lizard Point and Knynance Cove: Facilities and access|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/lizard-point-and-kynance-cove/facilities-and-access/|website=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/lizard-point-and-kynance-cove/facilities-and-access/|publisher=National Trust|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref>
Kynance Cove and the surrounding coast are owned and managed by the [[National Trust]]. It is part of the West Lizard [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]] and is in the [[Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]. The Kynance Café, which opened for business in 1929, relied on spring water and on a generator for power. When the café became the property of the National Trust in 1999, the Trust renovated it and provided mains water and electricity. Access is via the [[South West Coast Path#West Cornwall|coastal footpath]] from the nearby National Trust car park.<ref name="NT F&A">{{cite web|title=Lizard Point and Knynance Cove: Facilities and access|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/lizard-point-and-kynance-cove/facilities-and-access/|website=nationaltrust.org.uk/|publisher=National Trust|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref>


==Geography and geology==
==Geography and geology==
Much of the Lizard peninsula is known for its [[botany]] and [[geology]], and about 375 million years ago the molten rock, which eventually became the Lizard, was about 10 km below the surface of the earth and under immense heat and pressure. One of the rocks ([[peridotite]]), is rich in [[magnesium]] and [[iron]], and changed through heat and pressure to [[serpentinite]] as it pushed upwards from the [[Mohorovičić discontinuity|Moho]]; the boundary of the earth's [[Crust (geology)|crust]] and [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]]. It finally reached the crust's surface, about 30° south of the [[equator]] as part of an [[Mid-ocean ridge|ocean ridge]], in the [[Rheic Ocean]]. Over the next 80 million years the Rheic Ocean disappears and the mass of rock heads north crossing the equator about 250 million years ago. The [[Tropic of Cancer]] is passed less than 100 million years ago and the rock, which becomes the Lizard, finally reaches 50° north at about the start of the last [[Quaternary glaciation|Ice Age]].<ref name=bates>{{cite book|last1=Bates|first1=Robin|last2=Scolding|first2=Bill|title=Beneath the Skin of The Lizard|date=2000|publisher=Cornwall County Council|location=Truro|isbn=1-898166-09-9}}</ref> There are two types of serpentine at Kynance; bastite and tremolite. The rocks at the car park, cliffs to the south and the path to the cove are bastite serpentine, which is the primary serpentine on the Lizard. The rock is coarse grained with large shiny crystals of bastite which give a flecked appearance. The islands and stacks within the cove and the valley are of tremolite serpentine which is fine grained and banded. Tremolite is different to the bastite serpentine because it was subject to higher pressure within the crust.<ref name=bates/> Kynance Cove is an important site for geologists because of the exposures of the two types of [[Ophiolite|ophiolitic]] serpentinite, together with granite and gneiss pods within the serpentine. The area has been desiginated as a [[Geological Conservation Review]] site.<ref name=sssi>{{cite web|title=West Lizard|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000670.pdf|website=Natural England|accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kynance Cove (Igneous Rocks of South-west England)|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1017|website=JNCC|accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref>
Much of the Lizard peninsula is known for its botany and geology, and about 375 million years ago the molten rock, which eventually became the Lizard, was about 10&nbsp;km below the surface of the Earth and under immense heat and pressure. One of the rocks ([[peridotite]]) is rich in [[magnesium]] and [[iron]], and changed through heat and pressure to [[serpentinite]] as it pushed upwards from the [[Mohorovičić discontinuity|Moho]], the boundary of the Earth's [[Crust (geology)|crust]] and [[Mantle (geology)|mantle]]. It finally reached the crust's surface, about 30° south of the equator as part of an [[Mid-ocean ridge|ocean ridge]], in the [[Rheic Ocean]]. Over the next 80 million years the Rheic Ocean disappeared and the mass of rock headed north crossing the equator about 250 million years ago. The rock mass, which became the Lizard peninsula, passed the [[Tropic of Cancer]] less than 100 million years ago and finally reached 50° north at about the start of the last [[Quaternary glaciation|Ice Age]].<ref name=bates>{{cite book|last1=Bates|first1=Robin|last2=Scolding|first2=Bill|title=Beneath the Skin of The Lizard|date=2000|publisher=Cornwall County Council|location=Truro|isbn=1-898166-09-9}}</ref>


There are two types of serpentine at Kynance: bastite and [[tremolite]]. The rocks at the car park, cliffs to the south and the path to the cove are bastite serpentine, which is the primary serpentine on the Lizard. The rock is coarse-grained with large shiny crystals of bastite which give a flecked appearance. The islands and stacks within the cove and the valley are of tremolite serpentine which is fine-grained and banded. Tremolite is different from bastite serpentine because it was subject to higher pressure within the crust.<ref name=bates/> Kynance Cove is an important site for geologists because of the exposures of the two types of [[Ophiolite|ophiolitic]] serpentinite, together with granite and gneiss pods within the serpentine. The area has been designated as a [[Geological Conservation Review]] site.<ref name=sssi>{{cite web|title=West Lizard|url=http://www.sssi.naturalengland.org.uk/citation/citation_photo/1000670.pdf|website=Natural England|accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kynance Cove (Igneous Rocks of South-west England)|url=http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/default.aspx?page=4174&gcr=1017|website=JNCC|accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref>
There are a number of small tidal islands and [[Stack (geology)|stacks]] within Kynance Cove which were formed because the tremolite serpentine was broken into blocks and invaded by other types of rock; including [[granite]] and [[basalt]]. These softer rocks were eroded by the sea and the four largest stacks from left to right are The Bishop, Gull Rock, [[Asparagus Island]] and Steeple Rock.<ref name=bates/><ref name="Cornwall Beaches">{{cite web|title=Kynance Cove|url=http://cornwallbeaches.org.uk/South-Coast-West-Cornwall/Kynance-Cove.pdf|website=cornwallbeaches.org.uk|publisher=Cornwall's Beaches|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref> It was thought that Asparagus Island, which is cut off on almost every high tide, was connected to the mainland by a sand [[tombolo]].<ref name="Helston History Matthews">{{cite web|last1=Matthews|first1=Graham G.|title=Kynance Cove|url=http://www.helstonhistory.co.uk/around-the-lizard/kynance-cove/|website=helstonhistory.co.uk|publisher=Helston History|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref> The winter storms washed the sand away to reveal a rocky ridge, probably formed more than 100,000 years ago when sea levels were higher.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reavealed by the storms|journal=Wild Cornwall|date=Summer 2014|issue=124|pages=10-11|url=http://www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/Resources/Cornwall%20Wildlife%20Trust/PDF%20Documents/Wild_Cornwall_and_Wild_Scilly_magazine_summer_2014_issue_124.pdf|accessdate=31 March 2015}}</ref> At about half-tide a snorting can be heard – the sound of the ''Devil's bellows'' a [[Blowhole (geology)|blowhole]] on Asparagus Island which was caused by the sea tunnelling along a fault.<ref name=bates/> A second blowhole, the Post Office is so named because there is enough suction to post a letter in it!<ref name=lawman>{{cite book|last1=Lawman|first1=Jean|title=A Natural History of the Lizard Peninsula|date=1994|publisher=Institute of Cornish Studies and Dyllansow Truran|location=Redruth and Truro|isbn=1-85022-071-9}}</ref>
[[File:Kynance Cove, The Lizard, Cornwall, England 12Sept2017 arp.jpg|thumb|left|The [[National Trust]] cafe at Kynance Cove]]
There are a number of small tidal islands and [[Stack (geology)|stacks]] within Kynance Cove which were formed because the tremolite serpentine was broken into blocks and invaded by other types of rock, including [[granite]] and [[basalt]]. These softer rocks were eroded by the sea and the four largest stacks from left to right are The Bishop, Gull Rock, [[Asparagus Island]] and Steeple Rock.<ref name=bates/><ref name="Cornwall Beaches">{{cite web|title=Kynance Cove|url=http://cornwallbeaches.org.uk/South-Coast-West-Cornwall/Kynance-Cove.pdf|website=cornwallbeaches.org.uk|publisher=Cornwall's Beaches|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref> It was thought that Asparagus Island, which is cut off on almost every high tide, was connected to the mainland by a sand [[tombolo]].<ref name="Helston History Matthews">{{cite web|last1=Matthews|first1=Graham G.|title=Kynance Cove|url=http://www.helstonhistory.co.uk/around-the-lizard/kynance-cove/|website=www.helstonhistory.co.uk|publisher=Helston History|accessdate=3 July 2014}}</ref> The winter storms washed the sand away to reveal a rocky ridge, probably formed more than 100,000 years ago when sea levels were higher.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reavealed by the storms |journal=Wild Cornwall |date=Summer 2014 |issue=124 |pages=10–11 |url=http://www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/Resources/Cornwall%20Wildlife%20Trust/PDF%20Documents/Wild_Cornwall_and_Wild_Scilly_magazine_summer_2014_issue_124.pdf |accessdate=31 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918222631/http://www.cornwallwildlifetrust.org.uk/Resources/Cornwall%20Wildlife%20Trust/PDF%20Documents/Wild_Cornwall_and_Wild_Scilly_magazine_summer_2014_issue_124.pdf |archivedate=18 September 2015 }}</ref>

At about half-tide a snorting can be heard – the sound of the ''Devil's bellows'' a [[Blowhole (geology)|blowhole]] on Asparagus Island which was caused by the sea tunnelling along a fault.<ref name=bates/> A second blowhole, the Post Office is so named because there is enough suction to post a letter in it.<ref name=lawman>{{cite book|last1=Lawman|first1=Jean|title=A Natural History of the Lizard Peninsula|date=1994|publisher=Institute of Cornish Studies and Dyllansow Truran|location=Redruth and Truro|isbn=1-85022-071-9}}</ref>

==Wildlife==
Kynance Cove was the venue for the first British record of [[Athetis hospes|Porter's rustic]] (''Athetis hospes''), a rare migrant moth from southern Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hicks|first1=Michael E|title=Moths on Scilly|journal=Isles of Scilly Bird and Natural History Review 2000|date=2001|issue=1|pages=176–7}}</ref>

==Popular culture==
Kynance Cove features in the 2015 production of [[Agatha Christie]]’s ''[[And Then There Were None]]'', a [[historical drama|period drama]] of three daily episodes first broadcast on 26 December 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hollywood stars come to Kynance|url=http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/features/hollywood-stars-come-to-kynance|website=National Trust|accessdate=21 December 2015}}</ref>
It is also used as a location for the TV series [[Poldark (2015 TV series)]], as Ross Poldark’s beloved Nampara, and in the episode ''The Devil's Foot'' from ''[[Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series)|The Return of Sherlock Holmes]]''.


==References==
==References==
{{Portal|Cornwall}}
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


{{commons category}}
{{commons category}}

{{Cornwall|state=collapsed}}
{{Cornwall|state=collapsed}}


{{coord|49.974|-5.230|type:waterbody_region:GB|display=title}}

[[Category:Lizard Peninsula]]
[[Category:Geology of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Beaches of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Beaches of Cornwall]]
[[Category:National Trust properties in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Blowholes]]
[[Category:Blowholes]]
[[Category:Geology of Cornwall]]
[[Category:Lizard Peninsula]]
[[Category:National Trust properties in Cornwall]]
[[Category:Coves of Cornwall]]

Latest revision as of 17:47, 29 December 2023

Kynance Cove
Kynance Cove, Lizard peninsula, Cornwall
Kynance Cove is located in Cornwall
Kynance Cove
Kynance Cove
Location in Cornwall
LocationSouth West England, Cornwall, England
Coordinates49°58′26″N 5°13′48″W / 49.974°N 5.230°W / 49.974; -5.230
TypeCove

Kynance Cove (Cornish: Porth Keynans, meaning ravine cove) is a cove on the eastern side of Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England. It is situated on the Lizard peninsula approximately two miles (3 km) north of Lizard Point.[1] The cove became popular in the early Victorian era, with many distinguished visitors including Queen Victoria and Prince Albert[2] and the poets Alfred Tennyson and Algernon Swinburne.[3] The BBC has described Kynance Cove as "one of the most beautiful stretches of coastline in the South West".[4] The South West Coast Path, which follows the coast of south west England from Somerset to Dorset passes by on the cliffs overlooking the cove.[1]

Kynance Cove and the surrounding coast are owned and managed by the National Trust. It is part of the West Lizard Site of Special Scientific Interest and is in the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Kynance Café, which opened for business in 1929, relied on spring water and on a generator for power. When the café became the property of the National Trust in 1999, the Trust renovated it and provided mains water and electricity. Access is via the coastal footpath from the nearby National Trust car park.[5]

Geography and geology[edit]

Much of the Lizard peninsula is known for its botany and geology, and about 375 million years ago the molten rock, which eventually became the Lizard, was about 10 km below the surface of the Earth and under immense heat and pressure. One of the rocks (peridotite) is rich in magnesium and iron, and changed through heat and pressure to serpentinite as it pushed upwards from the Moho, the boundary of the Earth's crust and mantle. It finally reached the crust's surface, about 30° south of the equator as part of an ocean ridge, in the Rheic Ocean. Over the next 80 million years the Rheic Ocean disappeared and the mass of rock headed north crossing the equator about 250 million years ago. The rock mass, which became the Lizard peninsula, passed the Tropic of Cancer less than 100 million years ago and finally reached 50° north at about the start of the last Ice Age.[6]

There are two types of serpentine at Kynance: bastite and tremolite. The rocks at the car park, cliffs to the south and the path to the cove are bastite serpentine, which is the primary serpentine on the Lizard. The rock is coarse-grained with large shiny crystals of bastite which give a flecked appearance. The islands and stacks within the cove and the valley are of tremolite serpentine which is fine-grained and banded. Tremolite is different from bastite serpentine because it was subject to higher pressure within the crust.[6] Kynance Cove is an important site for geologists because of the exposures of the two types of ophiolitic serpentinite, together with granite and gneiss pods within the serpentine. The area has been designated as a Geological Conservation Review site.[7][8]

The National Trust cafe at Kynance Cove

There are a number of small tidal islands and stacks within Kynance Cove which were formed because the tremolite serpentine was broken into blocks and invaded by other types of rock, including granite and basalt. These softer rocks were eroded by the sea and the four largest stacks from left to right are The Bishop, Gull Rock, Asparagus Island and Steeple Rock.[6][9] It was thought that Asparagus Island, which is cut off on almost every high tide, was connected to the mainland by a sand tombolo.[10] The winter storms washed the sand away to reveal a rocky ridge, probably formed more than 100,000 years ago when sea levels were higher.[11]

At about half-tide a snorting can be heard – the sound of the Devil's bellows a blowhole on Asparagus Island which was caused by the sea tunnelling along a fault.[6] A second blowhole, the Post Office is so named because there is enough suction to post a letter in it.[12]

Wildlife[edit]

Kynance Cove was the venue for the first British record of Porter's rustic (Athetis hospes), a rare migrant moth from southern Europe.[13]

Popular culture[edit]

Kynance Cove features in the 2015 production of Agatha Christie’s And Then There Were None, a period drama of three daily episodes first broadcast on 26 December 2015.[14] It is also used as a location for the TV series Poldark (2015 TV series), as Ross Poldark’s beloved Nampara, and in the episode The Devil's Foot from The Return of Sherlock Holmes.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Ordnance Survey,Explorer Map 103, The Lizard, Falmouth and Helston. ISBN 978-0-319-23704-5
  2. ^ Penzance: The Biography, Mike Sagar-Fenton, page 158
  3. ^ Kynance visits by Alfred Tennyson, objectiveone.com. Accessed 28 July 2023.
  4. ^ South-West Cornwall, bbc.co.uk. Accessed 28 July 2023.
  5. ^ "Lizard Point and Knynance Cove: Facilities and access". nationaltrust.org.uk/. National Trust. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d Bates, Robin; Scolding, Bill (2000). Beneath the Skin of The Lizard. Truro: Cornwall County Council. ISBN 1-898166-09-9.
  7. ^ "West Lizard" (PDF). Natural England. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  8. ^ "Kynance Cove (Igneous Rocks of South-west England)". JNCC. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  9. ^ "Kynance Cove" (PDF). cornwallbeaches.org.uk. Cornwall's Beaches. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  10. ^ Matthews, Graham G. "Kynance Cove". www.helstonhistory.co.uk. Helston History. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  11. ^ "Reavealed by the storms" (PDF). Wild Cornwall (124): 10–11. Summer 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2015. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  12. ^ Lawman, Jean (1994). A Natural History of the Lizard Peninsula. Redruth and Truro: Institute of Cornish Studies and Dyllansow Truran. ISBN 1-85022-071-9.
  13. ^ Hicks, Michael E (2001). "Moths on Scilly". Isles of Scilly Bird and Natural History Review 2000 (1): 176–7.
  14. ^ "Hollywood stars come to Kynance". National Trust. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
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