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{{short description|Genus of flowering plants in the spurge family Euphorbiaceae}}
{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{About|the plant|the fish genus|Capelin}}
{{About|the plant|the fish genus|Mallotus (fish)}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mallotus'' (plant)}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Mallotus'' (plant)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
|image = Mallotus_philippensis_-_Köhler–s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-221.jpg
| name = ''Mallotus''
|image_caption = Kamala tree (''M. philippensis'')<ref>1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen</ref>
| image = Koeh-221.jpg
|display_parents = 3
| image_width = 180px
|taxon = Mallotus (plant)
| image_caption = Kamala Tree (''M. philippensis'')
|authority = [[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=n>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=118784 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref>
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
|synonyms =
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
*''Aconceveibum'' <small>[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]</small>
| ordo = [[Malpighiales]]
*''Adisa'' <small>Steud.</small>
| familia = [[Euphorbiaceae]]
*''Adisca'' <small>Blume</small>
| subfamilia = [[Acalyphoideae]]
*''Axenfeldia'' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small>
| tribus = [[Acalypheae]]
*''Boutonia'' <small>Bojer</small>
| subtribus = [[Rottlerinae]]
*''Boutonia'' <small>Bojer ex Baill.</small>
| genus = '''''Mallotus'''''
*''Canschi'' <small>Adans.</small>
| genus_authority = [[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]
*''Coccoceras'' <small>Miq.</small>
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
*''Coelodiscus'' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small>
| subdivision =
*''Echinocroton'' <small>[[F.Muell.]]</small>

*''Echinus'' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small>
About 140, see text
*''Lasipana'' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Raf.]]</small>
*''Neotrewia'' <small>Pax & K.Hoffm.</small>
*''Octospermum'' <small>Airy Shaw</small>
*''Plagianthera'' <small>[[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]] & [[Heinrich Zollinger|Zoll.]]</small>
*''Rottlera'' <small>[[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]]</small>
*''Rottlera'' <small>[[Roxb.]]</small>
*''Stylanthus'' <small>[[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]] & [[Heinrich Zollinger|Zoll.]]</small>
*''Trewia'' <small>L.</small> {{efn | One [[anagram]] of this genus name yields ''[[Wetriaria]]'', another genus of Euphorbiaceae.<ref name="Burkhardt2018">{{Cite book |last=Burkhardt |first=Lotte |title=Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée |date=2018-06-06 |publisher=Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin |page=A7 |isbn=978-3-946292-26-5 |language=de |doi=10.3372/epolist2018 |s2cid=187926901 }}</ref>}}
}}
}}


[[Image:Mallotus japonicus1.jpg|thumb|''Mallotus japonicus'']]
[[Image:Mallotus japonicus1.jpg|thumb|120px|''[[Mallotus japonicus]]'']]
[[Image:Mallo macrosta 090816-11142 tsa.JPG|thumb|120px|''[[Mallotus macrostachyus]]'']]
[[Image:Mallo mollis 170808-5307819 cmp.JPG|thumb|120px|''[[Mallotus mollissimus]]'']]
[[Image:Mallo panic 110212-12210 cmp.JPG|thumb|120px|''[[Mallotus paniculatus]]'']]
'''''Mallotus''''' is a genus of the spurge family [[Euphorbiaceae]] first described as a genus in 1790.<ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/654294#page/247/mode/1up Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635]</ref> Two [[species]] (''[[Mallotus oppositifolius|M. oppositifolius]]'' and ''[[Mallotus subulatus|M. subulatus]]'') are found in [[tropical]] [[Africa]] and [[Madagascar]]. All the other species are found in [[East Asia]], the [[Indian Subcontinent]], [[Southeast Asia]], eastern [[Australia]], and certain islands of the western [[Pacific Islands|Pacific]].<ref name=n/><ref>[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=119552 Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 <big>野桐属</big> ye tong shu ''Mallotus'' Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790. ]</ref><ref>Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref>Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of ''Mallotus'' section ''Mallotus'' (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249-274.</ref> The genus has about 150 species of [[dioecious]] trees or shrubs.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1071/BT12202|title=Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of ''Mallotus'' spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests|year=2013|last1=Yamasaki|first1=Eri|last2=Sakai|first2=Shoko|journal=Australian Journal of Botany|volume=61|page=60|hdl=2433/173327|hdl-access=free}}</ref>


==Fossil record==
'''''Mallotus''''' is a genus of the spurge family [[Euphorbiaceae]]. 2 [[species]] are found in [[tropical]] [[Africa]] and [[Madagascar]]. About 140 species are found in [[East Asia|East]] and [[Southeast Asia]] and from [[Indomalaysia]] to [[New Caledonia]] and [[Fiji]], northern and eastern [[Australia]]. Notable members include the [[Mallotus philippensis|Kamala tree]] (''Mallotus philippensis''), the hairs of whose seed capsule is the source of a yellow [[dye]] (kamala dye) and (formerly) [[herb]]al remedy.
''Mallotus'' macrofossils have been recovered from the late [[Zanclean]] stage of [[Pliocene]] sites in [[Pocapaglia]], [[Italy]].<ref>Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.</ref>


==Uses==
''Mallotus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Endoclita|Endoclita malabaricus]]''.
''Mallotus'' species are used as food plants by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species including ''[[Endoclita malabaricus]]''. The [[Mallotus philippensis|Kamala tree]] (''Mallotus philippensis'') has hairs of whose seed capsule which are the source of a yellow [[dye]] (kamala dye) and (formerly) [[herb]]al remedy.


==Species<ref name=n/>==
===Synonyms===
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
This genus is also known as:
# ''[[Mallotus actinoneurus]]'' - S Thailand, W Malaysia
*'''''Aconceveibum''''' <small>[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus anomalus]]'' - [[Hainan]]
*'''''Axenfeldia''''' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus apelta]]'' - S China
*'''''Coelodiscus''''' <small>[[Henri Ernest Baillon|Baill.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus atrovirens]]'' - SW India
*'''''Diplochlamys''''' <small>[[Mull. Arg.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus attenuatus]]'' - Papua New Guinea
*'''''Echinocroton''''' <small>[[F. Muell.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus aureopunctatus]]'' - India
*'''''Echinus''''' <small>[[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus barbatus]]'' - India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia
*'''''Hancea''''' <small>[[Berthold Carl Seemann|Seem.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus beddomei]]'' - SW India
*'''''Lasipana''''' <small>[[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz|Raf.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus blumeanus]]'' - Java, Sumatra
*'''''Plagianthera''''' <small>[[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]] & [[Heinrich Zollinger|Zoll.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus brachythyrsus]]'' - Sarawak, Kalimantan
*'''''Rottlera''''' <small>[[Carl Ludwig Willdenow|Willd.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus brevipetiolatus]]'' - S Thailand, W Malaysia
*'''''Stylanthus''''' <small>[[Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach|Rchb.f.]] & [[Heinrich Zollinger|Zoll.]]</small>
# ''[[Mallotus calocarpus]]'' - S Thailand
# ''[[Mallotus cambodianus]]'' - Cambodia
# ''[[Mallotus canii]]'' - Vietnam
# ''[[Mallotus caudatus]]'' - Borneo
# ''[[Mallotus cauliflorus]]'' - [[Luzon]]
# ''[[Mallotus chromocarpus]]'' - Papua New Guinea
# ''[[Mallotus chuyenii]]'' - Vietnam
# ''[[Mallotus claoxyloides]]''- E Australia, Papua New Guinea
# ''[[Mallotus concinnus]]'' - [[Kelantan]]
# ''[[Mallotus confusus]]'' - Philippines
# ''[[Mallotus connatus]]'' - Philippines, Borneo
# ''[[Mallotus coudercii]]'' - Indochina
# ''[[Mallotus cumingii]]'' - Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
# ''[[Mallotus darbyshirei]]'' - Papua New Guinea
# ''[[Mallotus decipiens]]'' - Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
# ''[[Mallotus didymochryseus]]'' - New Guinea
# ''[[Mallotus discolor]]'' - E Australia
# ''[[Mallotus dispar]]'' - Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia
# ''[[Mallotus dispersus]]'' - N Australia
# ''[[Mallotus distans]]'' - S India, Sri Lanka
# ''[[Mallotus dunnii]]'' - [[Fujian]]
# ''[[Mallotus eberhardtii]]'' - Vietnam
# ''[[Mallotus eriocarpus]]'' - Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
# ''[[Mallotus eximius]]'' - Borneo, W Malaysia
# ''[[Mallotus ficifolius]]'' - Queensland
# ''[[Mallotus floribundus]]'' - SE Asia, Papuasia
# ''[[Mallotus furetianus]]'' - Hainan, China
# ''[[Mallotus fuscescens]]'' - Sri Lanka
# ''[[Mallotus garrettii]]'' - N Laos, N Thailand
# ''[[Mallotus glabriusculus]]'' - Indochina
# ''[[Mallotus glomerulatus]]'' - NE Thailand
# ''[[Mallotus grossedentatus]]'' - [[Hainan]]
# ''[[Mallotus hanheoensis]]'' - Vietnam
# ''[[Mallotus havilandii]]'' - Sarawak
# ''[[Mallotus hispidospinosus]]'' - Thailand, Myanmar
# ''[[Mallotus hymenophyllus]]'' - S Thailand
# ''[[Mallotus illudens]]'' - S China
# ''[[Mallotus insularum]]'' - [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]], [[Lesser Sunda Islands]]
# ''[[Mallotus intercedens]]'' - India
# ''[[Mallotus japonicus]]'' - Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
# ''[[Mallotus khasianus]]'' - [[Assam]], Indochina, S China
# ''[[Mallotus kongkandae]]'' - [[Yunnan]], N Thailand
# ''[[Mallotus korthalsii]]'' - Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia
# ''[[Mallotus kweichowensis]]'' - [[Guizhou]]
# ''[[Mallotus lackeyi]]'' - Borneo, Philippines
# ''[[Mallotus lanceolatus]]'' - S China, Indochina
# ''[[Mallotus lancifolius]]'' - [[Andaman & Nicobar Islands|Andaman & Nicobar Is]], Malaysia, W Indonesia
# ''[[Mallotus lappaceus]]'' - Myanmar
# ''[[Mallotus lauterbachianus]]'' - New Guinea
# ''[[Mallotus leptostachyus]]'' - S Myanmar, S Thailand
# ''[[Mallotus leucocalyx]]'' - SE Asia
# ''[[Mallotus leucocarpus]]'' - [[Assam]], Myanmar
# ''[[Mallotus leucodermis]]'' - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
# ''[[Mallotus lianus]]'' - [[Guangdong]], [[Fujian]], [[Zhejiang]]
# ''[[Mallotus longinervis]]'' - Sarawak
# ''[[Mallotus longipes]]'' - Myanmar
# ''[[Mallotus macrostachyus]]'' - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
# ''[[Mallotus macularis]]'' - New Guinea
# ''[[Mallotus megadontus]]'' - Queensland
# ''[[Mallotus metcalfianus]]'' - N Thailand, Vietnam, [[Guangxi]]
# ''[[Mallotus microcarpus]]'' - S China
# ''[[Mallotus millietii]]'' - [[Guizhou]]
# ''[[Mallotus minimifructus]]'' - Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
# ''[[Mallotus miquelianus]]'' - Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
# ''[[Mallotus mirus]]'' - Thailand
# ''[[Mallotus mollissimus]]'' - Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
# ''[[Mallotus monanthos]]'' - [[Pahang]]
# ''[[Mallotus montanus]]'' - S Thailand, W Malaysia
# ''[[Mallotus muticus]]'' - Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
# ''[[Mallotus myanmaricus]]'' - Myanmar
# ''[[Mallotus nanus]]'' - Laos, Cambodia
# ''[[Mallotus neocavaleriei]]'' - [[Guizhou]]
# ''[[Mallotus nepalensis]]'' - Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
# ''[[Mallotus nesophilus]]'' - N Australia
# ''[[Mallotus nudiflorus]]'' - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
# ''[[Mallotus oppositifolius]]'' - Madagascar, tropical Africa
# ''[[Mallotus oreophilus]]'' - [[Yunnan]], [[Sikkim]]
# ''[[Mallotus pachypodus]]'' - Myanmar
# ''[[Mallotus pallidus]]'' - S Thailand
# ''[[Mallotus paniculatus]]'' - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
# ''[[Mallotus peltatus]]'' - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
# ''[[Mallotus philippensis]]'' - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
# ''[[Mallotus pierrei]]'' - Thailand, Vietnam
# ''[[Mallotus pleiogynus]]'' - New Guinea
# ''[[Mallotus plicatus]]'' - Indochina
# ''[[Mallotus poilanei]]'' - Vietnam
# ''[[Mallotus polyadenos]]'' - New Guinea, Queensland
# ''[[Mallotus polycarpus]]'' - W India
# ''[[Mallotus puber]]'' - Solomon Islands
# ''[[Mallotus repandus]]'' - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
# ''[[Mallotus resinosus]]'' - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
# ''[[Mallotus rhamnifolius]]'' - S India, Sri Lanka
# ''[[Mallotus roxburghianus]]'' - E Himalayas
# ''[[Mallotus rufidulus]]'' - W Indonesia
# ''[[Mallotus sathavensis]]'' - Vietnam
# ''[[Mallotus sphaerocarpus]]'' - Sumatra
# ''[[Mallotus spinifructus]]'' - Kalimantan
# ''[[Mallotus stewardii]]'' - E China
# ''[[Mallotus subcuneatus]]'' - S Thailand, W Malaysia
# ''[[Mallotus subjaponicus]]'' - [[Anhui]]
# ''[[Mallotus subulatus]]'' - W + C Africa
# ''[[Mallotus sumatranus]]'' - Sumatra, Borneo
# ''[[Mallotus surculosus]]'' - [[Cape York Peninsula]]
# ''[[Mallotus taoyuanensis]]'' - [[Hunan]]
# ''[[Mallotus tetracoccus]]'' - Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, [[Yunnan]]
# ''[[Mallotus thorelii]]'' - Indochina
# ''[[Mallotus thunbergianus]]'' - Sri Lanka
# ''[[Mallotus tiliifolius]]'' - [[Hainan]], SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
# ''[[Mallotus trinervius]]'' - New Guinea
# ''[[Mallotus ustulatus]]'' - Cambodia
# ''[[Mallotus wrayi]]'' - - Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
# ''[[Mallotus yunnanensis]]'' - [[Yunnan]]
}}


===Formerly included<ref name=n/>===
==Species include==
moved to other genera (Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum [[Hancea]] Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis )
*''[[Mallotus apelta]]''
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
*''[[Mallotus atrovirens]]''
*''[[Mallotus barbatus]]''
# ''M. affinis - [[Macaranga lowii]]''
# ''M. angulatus - [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]''
*''[[Mallotus claoxyloides]]''- Green Kamala or Odour Bush - Australia
# ''M. angustifolius - [[Rockinghamia angustifolia]]''
*''[[Mallotus discolor]]'' - Yellow Kamala - Australia
# ''M. arboreus - [[Ptychopyxis arborea]]''
*''[[Mallotus ficifolius]]''
# ''M. arboreus var. platyphyllus - [[Ptychopyxis kingii]]''
*''[[Mallotus fuscescens]]''
# ''M. auriculatus - [[Macaranga lowii]]''
*''[[Mallotus hookerianus]]''
# ''M. baillonianus - [[Hancea acuminata]]''
*''[[Mallotus japonicus]]''
# ''M. brevipes'' <small>Merr. 1915</small> - ''[[Lasiococca brevipes]]''
*''[[Mallotus odoratus]]''
# ''M. brevipes'' <small>Pax ex Engl. 1895</small> - ''[[Acalypha neptunica]]''
*''[[Mallotus paniculatus]]''
# ''M. calcosus - [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]''
*''[[Mallotus peltatus]]''
# ''M. calvus - [[Spathiostemon javensis]]''
*''[[Mallotus philippensis]]'' - Kamala tree
*''[[Mallotus repandus]]''
# ''M. capensis - [[Macaranga capensis]]''
# ''M. capuronii - [[Hancea capuronii]]''
*''[[Mallotus smilaciformis]]''
# ''M. caput-medusae - [[Ptychopyxis caput-medusae]]''
# ''M. cavaleriei - [[Discocleidion rufescens]]''
# ''M. chrysanthus - [[Ptychopyxis chrysantha]]''
# ''M. cordatifolius - [[Hancea cordatifolia]]''
# ''M. dallachyi - [[Macaranga dallachyana]]''
# ''M. diadenus - [[Endospermum diadenum]]''
# ''M. echinatus - [[Hancea penangensis]]''
# ''M. eglandulosus - [[Spathiostemon javensis]]''
# ''M. eucaustus - [[Hancea eucausta]]''
# ''M. geloniifolius - [[Cleidion javanicum]]''
# ''M. glaberrimus - [[Macaranga glaberrima]]''
# ''M. grandistipularis - [[Hancea grandistipularis]]''
# ''M. griffithianus - [[Hancea griffithiana]]''
# ''M. hellwigianus - [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]''
# ''M. henryi - [[Macaranga henryi]]''
# ''M. hirsutus - [[Hancea hirsuta]]''
# ''M. hollrungianus - [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]''
# ''M. hookerianus - [[Hancea hookeriana]]''
# ''M. hookerianus var. papuanus - [[Hancea papuana]]''
# ''M. impar - [[Hancea griffithiana]]''
# ''M. inamoenus - [[Macaranga inamoena]]''
# ''M. integrifolius - [[Hancea integrifolia]]''
# ''M. kingii - [[Hancea kingii]]''
# ''M. kunstleri - [[Chondrostylis kunstleri]]''
# ''M. kurzii - [[Blumeodendron kurzii]]''
# ''M. leptophyllus - [[Hancea penangensis]]''
# ''M. longistylus - [[Hancea longistyla]]''
# ''M. maingayi - [[Macaranga pruinosa]]''
# ''M. melleri - [[Neoboutonia melleri]]''
# ''M. minahassae - [[Croton oblongus]]''
# ''M. moluccanus - [[Aleurites moluccanus]]''
# ''M. moluccanus var. glabratus - [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]''
# ''M. moluccanus var. pendulus - [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]''
# ''M. multiglandulosus - [[Melanolepis multiglandulosa]]''
# ''M. nitidus - [[Cleidion nitidum]]''
# ''M. papuanus - [[Hancea papuana]]''
# ''M. papuanus var. glabrescens - [[Hancea penangensis]]''
# ''M. papuanus var. intermedius - Hancea penangensis''
# ''M. penangensis - [[Hancea penangensis]]''
# ''M. populifolius - [[Macaranga hemsleyana]]''
# ''M. preussii - [[Plukenetia conophora]]''
# ''M. pseudopenangensis - [[Hancea penangensis]]''
# ''M. pseudoverticillatus - [[Lasiococca comberi]]''
# ''M. ramosii - [[Cleidion ramosii]]''
# ''M. samarensis - [[Cleidion ramosii]]''
# ''M. sarawakensis - [[Hancea penangensis]]''
# ''M. speciosus - [[Sumbaviopsis albicans]]''
# ''M. spinulosus - [[Hancea spinulosa]]''
# ''M. stipularis - [[Hancea stipularis]]''
# ''M. subpeltatus - [[Hancea subpeltata]]''
# ''M. tenuipes - [[Hancea penangensis]]''
# ''M. tsiangii - [[Macaranga lowii]]''
# ''M. vernicosus - [[Blumeodendron tokbrai]]''
# ''M. vitifolius - [[Melanolepis vitifolia]]''
# ''M. wenzelianus - [[Hancea wenzeliana]]''
# ''M. woodii - [[Hancea griffithiana]]''
# ''M. xylacanthus - [[Hancea penangensis]]''
# ''M. yifengensis - [[Croton lachnocarpus]]''
}}


==Taxonomy note==
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
''[[Coccoceras]]'' <small>[[Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel|Miq.]]</small>, precedently thought to be a synonym of ''[[Mallotus]]'', has been split to stand alone.


==Gallery==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<gallery>
Image:Mallotus claoxylodes foliage.jpg‎ ‎|''M. claoxylodes'' foliage
Image:Mallotus flowers.jpg|''M. ficifolius'' foliage and flowers
Image:Mallotus ficifolius fruit and foliage.jpg|''M. ficifolius'' foliage and fruit
Image:Mallotus philipensis flowers.jpg|''M. philipensis'' flowers.
Image:Mallotus philipensis flruit.jpg|''M. philipensis'' fruit.
Image:MallotesPhilipensis.jpg|''M. philippensis'' fruiting
Image:Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus) feeding on Kamala (Mallotus philipensis) at Jayanti, Duars, WB W Picture 136.jpg‎|Black-crested Bulbul ''[[Pycnonotus melanicterus]]'' feeding on ''M. philippensis'' at [[Jayanti]] in [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]] in [[Jalpaiguri]] district of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].
Image:Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus) feeding on Kamala (Mallotus philipensis) at Jayanti, Duars, WB W Picture 133.jpg|Black-crested Bulbul ''[[Pycnonotus melanicterus]]'' feeding on ''M. philippensis'' at [[Jayanti]] in [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]] in [[Jalpaiguri]] district of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].
Image:Black-crested Bulbul (Pycnonotus melanicterus) feeding on Kamala (Mallotus philipensis) at Jayanti, Duars, WB W2 Picture 136.jpg|Black-crested Bulbul ''[[Pycnonotus melanicterus]]'' feeding on ''M. philippensis'' at [[Jayanti]] in [[Buxa Tiger Reserve]] in [[Jalpaiguri]] district of [[West Bengal]], [[India]].
File:Mallotus japonicus.jpg|Hairy buds of ''M. japonicus'' foliage in spring
</gallery>


{{Taxonbar|from=Q1205104}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallotus (Plant)}}
[[Category:Mallotus| ]]


[[es:Mallotus (planta)]]
[[Category:Mallotus (plant)| ]]
[[Category:Euphorbiaceae genera]]
[[fr:Mallotus (genre végétal)]]
[[Category:Dioecious plants]]
[[ko:예덕나무]]
[[ja:アカメガシワ]]
[[pt:Mallotus]]
[[ru:Маллотус]]
[[vi:Chi Ruối]]

Latest revision as of 03:01, 1 September 2023

This article is about the plant. For the fish genus, see Mallotus (fish).

Mallotus
Kamala tree (M. philippensis)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamily: Acalyphoideae
Tribe: Acalypheae
Subtribe: Rottlerinae
Genus: Mallotus
Lour.
Synonyms[2]
Mallotus japonicus
Mallotus macrostachyus
Mallotus mollissimus
Mallotus paniculatus

Mallotus is a genus of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1790.[4] Two species (M. oppositifolius and M. subulatus) are found in tropical Africa and Madagascar. All the other species are found in East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, eastern Australia, and certain islands of the western Pacific.[2][5][6][7] The genus has about 150 species of dioecious trees or shrubs.[8]

Fossil record[edit]

Mallotus macrofossils have been recovered from the late Zanclean stage of Pliocene sites in Pocapaglia, Italy.[9]

Uses[edit]

Mallotus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Endoclita malabaricus. The Kamala tree (Mallotus philippensis) has hairs of whose seed capsule which are the source of a yellow dye (kamala dye) and (formerly) herbal remedy.

Species[2][edit]

  1. Mallotus actinoneurus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  2. Mallotus anomalus - Hainan
  3. Mallotus apelta - S China
  4. Mallotus atrovirens - SW India
  5. Mallotus attenuatus - Papua New Guinea
  6. Mallotus aureopunctatus - India
  7. Mallotus barbatus - India, Indochina, S China, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  8. Mallotus beddomei - SW India
  9. Mallotus blumeanus - Java, Sumatra
  10. Mallotus brachythyrsus - Sarawak, Kalimantan
  11. Mallotus brevipetiolatus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  12. Mallotus calocarpus - S Thailand
  13. Mallotus cambodianus - Cambodia
  14. Mallotus canii - Vietnam
  15. Mallotus caudatus - Borneo
  16. Mallotus cauliflorus - Luzon
  17. Mallotus chromocarpus - Papua New Guinea
  18. Mallotus chuyenii - Vietnam
  19. Mallotus claoxyloides- E Australia, Papua New Guinea
  20. Mallotus concinnus - Kelantan
  21. Mallotus confusus - Philippines
  22. Mallotus connatus - Philippines, Borneo
  23. Mallotus coudercii - Indochina
  24. Mallotus cumingii - Philippines, Borneo, Sulawesi
  25. Mallotus darbyshirei - Papua New Guinea
  26. Mallotus decipiens - Bangladesh, Indochina, W Malaysia
  27. Mallotus didymochryseus - New Guinea
  28. Mallotus discolor - E Australia
  29. Mallotus dispar - Indochina, W Malaysia, W Indonesia
  30. Mallotus dispersus - N Australia
  31. Mallotus distans - S India, Sri Lanka
  32. Mallotus dunnii - Fujian
  33. Mallotus eberhardtii - Vietnam
  34. Mallotus eriocarpus - Sri Lanka, W Malaysia
  35. Mallotus eximius - Borneo, W Malaysia
  36. Mallotus ficifolius - Queensland
  37. Mallotus floribundus - SE Asia, Papuasia
  38. Mallotus furetianus - Hainan, China
  39. Mallotus fuscescens - Sri Lanka
  40. Mallotus garrettii - N Laos, N Thailand
  41. Mallotus glabriusculus - Indochina
  42. Mallotus glomerulatus - NE Thailand
  43. Mallotus grossedentatus - Hainan
  44. Mallotus hanheoensis - Vietnam
  45. Mallotus havilandii - Sarawak
  46. Mallotus hispidospinosus - Thailand, Myanmar
  47. Mallotus hymenophyllus - S Thailand
  48. Mallotus illudens - S China
  49. Mallotus insularum - Maluku, Lesser Sunda Islands
  50. Mallotus intercedens - India
  51. Mallotus japonicus - Japan, Korea, China, Ryukyu Islands
  52. Mallotus khasianus - Assam, Indochina, S China
  53. Mallotus kongkandae - Yunnan, N Thailand
  54. Mallotus korthalsii - Philippines, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  55. Mallotus kweichowensis - Guizhou
  56. Mallotus lackeyi - Borneo, Philippines
  57. Mallotus lanceolatus - S China, Indochina
  58. Mallotus lancifolius - Andaman & Nicobar Is, Malaysia, W Indonesia
  59. Mallotus lappaceus - Myanmar
  60. Mallotus lauterbachianus - New Guinea
  61. Mallotus leptostachyus - S Myanmar, S Thailand
  62. Mallotus leucocalyx - SE Asia
  63. Mallotus leucocarpus - Assam, Myanmar
  64. Mallotus leucodermis - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  65. Mallotus lianus - Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang
  66. Mallotus longinervis - Sarawak
  67. Mallotus longipes - Myanmar
  68. Mallotus macrostachyus - S Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  69. Mallotus macularis - New Guinea
  70. Mallotus megadontus - Queensland
  71. Mallotus metcalfianus - N Thailand, Vietnam, Guangxi
  72. Mallotus microcarpus - S China
  73. Mallotus millietii - Guizhou
  74. Mallotus minimifructus - Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines
  75. Mallotus miquelianus - Thailand, Borneo, Malaysia, Philippines, Sumatra
  76. Mallotus mirus - Thailand
  77. Mallotus mollissimus - Indonesia, Philippines, Papuasia, Queensland
  78. Mallotus monanthos - Pahang
  79. Mallotus montanus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  80. Mallotus muticus - Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra
  81. Mallotus myanmaricus - Myanmar
  82. Mallotus nanus - Laos, Cambodia
  83. Mallotus neocavaleriei - Guizhou
  84. Mallotus nepalensis - Nepal, Yunnan, Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan
  85. Mallotus nesophilus - N Australia
  86. Mallotus nudiflorus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China
  87. Mallotus oppositifolius - Madagascar, tropical Africa
  88. Mallotus oreophilus - Yunnan, Sikkim
  89. Mallotus pachypodus - Myanmar
  90. Mallotus pallidus - S Thailand
  91. Mallotus paniculatus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Queensland, Papuasia
  92. Mallotus peltatus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia
  93. Mallotus philippensis - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, Ryukyu Islands
  94. Mallotus pierrei - Thailand, Vietnam
  95. Mallotus pleiogynus - New Guinea
  96. Mallotus plicatus - Indochina
  97. Mallotus poilanei - Vietnam
  98. Mallotus polyadenos - New Guinea, Queensland
  99. Mallotus polycarpus - W India
  100. Mallotus puber - Solomon Islands
  101. Mallotus repandus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, S China, Papuasia, New Caledonia
  102. Mallotus resinosus - Indian Subcontinent, SE Asia, Papuasia, Queensland
  103. Mallotus rhamnifolius - S India, Sri Lanka
  104. Mallotus roxburghianus - E Himalayas
  105. Mallotus rufidulus - W Indonesia
  106. Mallotus sathavensis - Vietnam
  107. Mallotus sphaerocarpus - Sumatra
  108. Mallotus spinifructus - Kalimantan
  109. Mallotus stewardii - E China
  110. Mallotus subcuneatus - S Thailand, W Malaysia
  111. Mallotus subjaponicus - Anhui
  112. Mallotus subulatus - W + C Africa
  113. Mallotus sumatranus - Sumatra, Borneo
  114. Mallotus surculosus - Cape York Peninsula
  115. Mallotus taoyuanensis - Hunan
  116. Mallotus tetracoccus - Indian Subcontinent, Thailand, Myanmar, Yunnan
  117. Mallotus thorelii - Indochina
  118. Mallotus thunbergianus - Sri Lanka
  119. Mallotus tiliifolius - Hainan, SE Asia, Papuasia, Micronesia, Taiwan
  120. Mallotus trinervius - New Guinea
  121. Mallotus ustulatus - Cambodia
  122. Mallotus wrayi - - Sumatra, Borneo, W Malaysia
  123. Mallotus yunnanensis - Yunnan

Formerly included[2][edit]

moved to other genera (Acalypha Aleurites Blumeodendron Chondrostylis Cleidion Croton Discocleidion Endospermum Hancea Lasiococca Macaranga Melanolepis Neoboutonia Plukenetia Ptychopyxis Rockinghamia Spathiostemon Sumbaviopsis )

  1. M. affinis - Macaranga lowii
  2. M. angulatus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  3. M. angustifolius - Rockinghamia angustifolia
  4. M. arboreus - Ptychopyxis arborea
  5. M. arboreus var. platyphyllus - Ptychopyxis kingii
  6. M. auriculatus - Macaranga lowii
  7. M. baillonianus - Hancea acuminata
  8. M. brevipes Merr. 1915 - Lasiococca brevipes
  9. M. brevipes Pax ex Engl. 1895 - Acalypha neptunica
  10. M. calcosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  11. M. calvus - Spathiostemon javensis
  12. M. capensis - Macaranga capensis
  13. M. capuronii - Hancea capuronii
  14. M. caput-medusae - Ptychopyxis caput-medusae
  15. M. cavaleriei - Discocleidion rufescens
  16. M. chrysanthus - Ptychopyxis chrysantha
  17. M. cordatifolius - Hancea cordatifolia
  18. M. dallachyi - Macaranga dallachyana
  19. M. diadenus - Endospermum diadenum
  20. M. echinatus - Hancea penangensis
  21. M. eglandulosus - Spathiostemon javensis
  22. M. eucaustus - Hancea eucausta
  23. M. geloniifolius - Cleidion javanicum
  24. M. glaberrimus - Macaranga glaberrima
  25. M. grandistipularis - Hancea grandistipularis
  26. M. griffithianus - Hancea griffithiana
  27. M. hellwigianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  28. M. henryi - Macaranga henryi
  29. M. hirsutus - Hancea hirsuta
  30. M. hollrungianus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  31. M. hookerianus - Hancea hookeriana
  32. M. hookerianus var. papuanus - Hancea papuana
  33. M. impar - Hancea griffithiana
  34. M. inamoenus - Macaranga inamoena
  35. M. integrifolius - Hancea integrifolia
  36. M. kingii - Hancea kingii
  37. M. kunstleri - Chondrostylis kunstleri
  38. M. kurzii - Blumeodendron kurzii
  39. M. leptophyllus - Hancea penangensis
  40. M. longistylus - Hancea longistyla
  41. M. maingayi - Macaranga pruinosa
  42. M. melleri - Neoboutonia melleri
  43. M. minahassae - Croton oblongus
  44. M. moluccanus - Aleurites moluccanus
  45. M. moluccanus var. glabratus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  46. M. moluccanus var. pendulus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  47. M. multiglandulosus - Melanolepis multiglandulosa
  48. M. nitidus - Cleidion nitidum
  49. M. papuanus - Hancea papuana
  50. M. papuanus var. glabrescens - Hancea penangensis
  51. M. papuanus var. intermedius - Hancea penangensis
  52. M. penangensis - Hancea penangensis
  53. M. populifolius - Macaranga hemsleyana
  54. M. preussii - Plukenetia conophora
  55. M. pseudopenangensis - Hancea penangensis
  56. M. pseudoverticillatus - Lasiococca comberi
  57. M. ramosii - Cleidion ramosii
  58. M. samarensis - Cleidion ramosii
  59. M. sarawakensis - Hancea penangensis
  60. M. speciosus - Sumbaviopsis albicans
  61. M. spinulosus - Hancea spinulosa
  62. M. stipularis - Hancea stipularis
  63. M. subpeltatus - Hancea subpeltata
  64. M. tenuipes - Hancea penangensis
  65. M. tsiangii - Macaranga lowii
  66. M. vernicosus - Blumeodendron tokbrai
  67. M. vitifolius - Melanolepis vitifolia
  68. M. wenzelianus - Hancea wenzeliana
  69. M. woodii - Hancea griffithiana
  70. M. xylacanthus - Hancea penangensis
  71. M. yifengensis - Croton lachnocarpus

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ One anagram of this genus name yields Wetriaria, another genus of Euphorbiaceae.[3]

References[edit]

  1. ^ 1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
  2. ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  3. ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2018-06-06). Verzeichnis eponymischer Pflanzennamen - Erweiterte Edition. Index of Eponymic Plant Names - Extended Edition. Index de Noms éponymiques des Plantes - Édition augmentée (in German). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin. p. A7. doi:10.3372/epolist2018. ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5. S2CID 187926901.
  4. ^ Loureiro, João de. 1790. Flora Cochinchinensis 601, 635
  5. ^ Flora of China Vol. 11 Page 225 野桐属 ye tong shu Mallotus Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 635. 1790.
  6. ^ Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  7. ^ Sierra, S.E.C. & Van Welzen, P.C. (2005). A taxonomic revision of Mallotus section Mallotus (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 50: 249-274.
  8. ^ Yamasaki, Eri; Sakai, Shoko (2013). "Wind and insect pollination (Ambophily) of Mallotus spp. (Euphorbiaceae) in tropical and temperate forests". Australian Journal of Botany. 61: 60. doi:10.1071/BT12202. hdl:2433/173327.
  9. ^ Messian to Zanclean vegetation and climate of Northern and Central Italy by Adele Bertini & Edoardo Martinetto, Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana, 47 (2), 2008, 105-121. Modena, 11 lugio 2008.
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