Židovka

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Židovka
Stekelnice, Srbský potok, Sichler Bach, Rejšenský potok, border rafts
The Židovka

The Židovka

Data
Water code CZ : 1-01-03-020
location Lower Silesian Voivodeship , Poland
River system Elbe
Drain over Metuje  → Elbe  → North Sea
source below the big hay barn
Source height 800  m npm
muzzle at Kozínek Okres Náchod in the Metuje coordinates: 50 ° 29 ′ 58 ″  N , 16 ° 12 ′ 38 ″  E 50 ° 29 ′ 58 ″  N , 16 ° 12 ′ 38 ″  E
Mouth height 398  m nm
Height difference 402 m

Small towns Machov
Communities Nízká Srbská

The Židovka (originally Stekelnice , later also Srbský potok ; German Sichler Bach ) is a left tributary of the Metuje ( Mettau ). The area through which it flows belongs to the powiat Kłodzki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship in Poland and to the Okres Náchod in the Královéhradecký kraj in the Czech Republic .

The later Židovka became important as a historically documented border river between the Nachod rule and the Politz monastery. The border was established by a treaty from 1254 between Hron von Nachod and the Břevnov abbot Martin.

Until the termination of the Politzer Benedictine 1785 in the framework of the Josephine reforms the Židovka formed from Machov ( Machau ) to its junction with the Metuje the boundary between the Klostergut and the rule Nachod.

Development of the river name

The creek, later called Židovka , was first mentioned in 1213 as Stekelnice . It was probably given this name, which means Toller Bach or Wilder Bach , from the first forest keepers or hunters because of the wild noise when falling through a ravine below Pasterka ( Passendorf ). In the above-mentioned contract from 1254, the name flumen Zürbcsca and later Srbský potok or Sichler Bach appear for the first time , from which it follows that the village of Nízká Srbská ( Niedersichel ) already existed at that time. Another name change occurred after 1636, when the Hochsichler outdoor farm came to a Jakub Žid, whose corridors reached to the river. The river name “Židovka” goes back to this or his descendants, who farmed the outdoor farm with interruptions until 1848, which over time replaced the previous names. On today's maps you can sometimes find the name Stekelnice up to Nízka Srbská and then the name Židovka up to the confluence with the Mettau .

River course

The Židovka rises in the Kłodzko Land at the northwestern foot of the Great Heuscheuer . It first flows over a plateau in the direction of Pasterka ( Passendorf ) and then plunges downwards in a north-west direction into a narrow gorge known as Peklo , Piekło or Hell . Then the Židovka flows across the border to the Czech Republic. There it turns to the southwest and flows through Řeřišný ( Brunnkress ), which also belonged to the Glatzer Land until 1930 and came to Czechoslovakia by way of a border treaty . That is why the term Grenzflössel can be found on older maps for this section of the river . At Machovská Lhota ( Mölten Lhota ) the Židovka flows from the left to the Trnkava , which rises above Ostra Góra ( Nauseney ). On its further course, the Židovka flows through Machov, where it flows into the Bučinský potok from the left . Before Nízká Srbská the Židovka takes from the right Třeslice on, turns thereafter south and flows a semicircle in Kozínek mill from 1783 in the from the Adršpach-Teplice Rocks coming Metuje ( Mettau ).

Although the source of the Židovka belongs to the Glatzer Kessel , whose waters drain into the Oder and thus into the Baltic Sea, the Židovka flows over the Metuje into the Elbe , and thus to the North Sea , as the watershed runs above its source .

Tributaries

  • Trnkava, also Machovský potok (l)
  • Bučinský potok (l)
  • Třeslice (r)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 1735–1744 it was owned by Tobiaš Burdych and 1780–1828 it belonged to Josef Svoboda.
  2. ↑ January Čížek: Svobodnici na náchodském Panství . In: Stopami dějin Náchodska, No. 6, ISBN 80-902158-7-4 , pp. 9–36 (with a sketch of the court on p. 36).
  3. ↑ z. B. Náchod - Brána do země , Vydal městlý úřad v Náchodě v roce 1992; Tourist map: Broumovsko, Góry Kamienne a Stołowe
  4. ↑ Brunnkress belonged to Passendorf in the Neurode district until 1930 .
  5. ↑ Area settlement 1930 with Czechoslovakia: Colony Brunnkress serial no.27
  6. ↑ Brunnkress with Grenz Flössel . ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / greif.uni-greifswald.de
  7. ↑ On the hiking map Krkonoše, Broumovsko, turistická mapa , ISBN 80-7011-817-2 , this section of the river is called Rejšenský potok .