Abraham Leuthner

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Abraham Leuthner von Grundt, portrait on the title page of the basic illustration ... , 1677

Abraham Leuthner (also: Leidner , Leittner , Leutner ) von Grundt (* around 1639 in Wildstein near Pilsen , † January 12, 1701 in Prague ) was a Bohemian bricklayer and builder of the Baroque .

Life

Title page of Leuthner's work Basic Presentation ... (1677)

Little is known about his origins and training. In 1665 he is mentioned as a citizen of the New Town of Prague . His role models, to whom he owed numerous suggestions, were Carlo Lurago and Francesco Caratti , for whom he carried out the masonry work at the Palais Czernin in Prague in 1668 . He was one of the earliest independent Bohemian building contractors of non-Italian origin. The five brothers ( Georg , Wolfgang , Leonhard , Christoph and Johann ) Dientzenhofer , whose teacher he was, belonged to his construction hut . Anna Dientzenhofer, the sister of the Dientzenhofer brothers, married Wolfgang Leuthner, a relative of Abraham Leuthner, in 1678.

His main architectural work is the building of the monastery and the Waldsassen monastery basilica , the plans of which he made in 1681/82. After the completion of the convent building, he left Waldsassen in 1690 and then worked mainly in western Bohemia . From 1688 to 1697 he was a fortress builder in Eger ( Cheb ). He later became Imperial Supervisor and Treasurer in the Kingdom of Bohemia .

In 1677 Leuthner published the treatise on Basic Presentation, Der Fünff Seüllen such as those carried by the famous Vitruvio Scamozzio and other distinguished building masters and given a certain degree of detail ... with 80 copper engravings . The “Five Seüllen” refer to the five classic column and building regulations that Leuthner dealt with at the beginning of his book, as was customary at the time (panels I – X, cf. panels XXVII and XXVIII). This is followed by 70 more panels containing sample designs for architectural elements (portals, fountains, staircases, ceiling designs ...) as well as for entire buildings (houses, palaces and churches) in floor plans and elevations. Leuthner took these examples partly from his own building designs, partly from the architectural literature widespread at the time. In order to save costs, he often put several designs on a copper engraving board, some of them even turned upside down, and added representations of architectural jewelry ( mascarons , caryatids , rocaille frames, etc.) by distinguished architects such as Scamozzi and Feinlein in the open spaces a. Leuthner's treatise subsequently served as a template in various modifications when building pilgrimage churches and chapels of grace in the Bohemian-Franconian region.

Works

Lustschlösschen ( Letohrádek ) White Castle ( Bílý dvůr ) in Schlackenwerth, built 1673–1679

In Bohemia

  • Prague, Palais Czernin: masonry work ( together with master mason Joh. De Capaoli )
  • Schlackenwerth : Letohrádek castle and pleasure palace ( with Christoph Dientzenhofer )
  • Elbogen : City Hall
  • Eger : Reconstruction of the Dominican church and the monastery

In Bavaria

  • Waldsassen : monastery and basilica ( with Georg Dientzenhofer )
  • Munich, Theatine Church : stucco work ( together with Giovanni Nicolo Perti )

literature

  • Abraham Leuthner: Baroque architecture in Bohemia. Thorough presentation of the Fünff Seullen ... Complete, reduced reprint of the new edition after 1677. Edition of the work first published in Prague in 1677, ed. by Heinrich Gerhard Franz. Academic Printing and Publishing Company , Graz 1998. ISBN 978-3-201-01577-6
  • Hans Reuther :  Leuthner von Grundt, Abraham. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , p. 383 ( digitized version ).
  • The Waldsassen collegiate church and its Bohemian roots. In: The Minster. Volume 16, 1963, pp. 312-315.
  • Carola Wenzel: "... about saving the copper". The Bohemian builder Abraham Leuthner and the treatise literature in the 17th century. Munich 1996.
  • Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Bayern IV: Munich and Upper Bavaria. Darmstadt 1990, p. 705.
  • V. Wachsmanova: Żivot a dílo Abrahama Leithnera. In: Památky archeologické. Volume 42, 1946, p. 14 ff.

Web links

Commons : Abraham Leuthner  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Milada Vilímková, Johannes Brucker: Dientzenhofer. A Bavarian master builder family in the baroque era . Rosenheimer Verlagshaus, 1989, ISBN 3-475-52610-7 , pp. 9 and 11
  2. ↑ This is already indicated by the title with the mention of Vitruvius and Vincenzo Scamozzi  . Examples of adopting designs: the staircase designs (panels XXXV and XXXVI ) are almost unchanged from Palladio's Quattro libri (see 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ); Plate XXVI shows the canopy of the papal altar in St. Peter's Basilica ; the complex church floor plan on the lower left of panel XXXXXXXV (sic, = LXXV) is so similar to Bramante's so-called parchment plan for St. Peter's Basilica that Leuthner must have known the latter.
  3. ↑ So his preface To the Favorable Leßer , see the illustration with transcription .
personal data
SURNAME Leuthner, Abraham
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Leuthner von Grundt, Abraham; Leidner, Abraham; Leittner, Abraham; Leutner, Abraham
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian builder of the baroque
DATE OF BIRTH around 1639
PLACE OF BIRTH Wildstein near Pilsen
DATE OF DEATH January 12, 1701
Place of death Prague