Acetofilamentum rigidum

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Acetofilamentum rigidum
Systematics
Department : Bacteroidetes
Class : Bacteroidia
Order : Bacteroidales
Family : Bacteroidaceae
Genre : Acetofilamentum
Type : Acetofilamentum rigidum
Scientific name of the  genus
Acetofilamentum
Dietrich et al. 1989
Scientific name of the  species
Acetofilamentum rigidum
Dietrich et al. 1989

Acetofilamentum rigidum is a type of bacteria . The gram test turns out negative. The GC content (the proportion of the nucleobases guanine and cytosine ) in the bacterial DNA is 47 mol percent. The bacterium was found in sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant.

features

Appearance

The cells are straight, very thin rods . In the first description , they are called rigid (rigid or stiff). The diameter of individual cells is between 0.18 and 0.30 µm, with a length of 2–8 µm. The Gram stain is negative. Relatively long filaments with a length of more than 100 µm can be formed; this distinguishes Acetofilamentum from the genus Acetomicrobium , which occurs in the same family ; this genus does not form filaments. Spores are not formed. The cells are immobile ( non-motile ).

Growth and metabolism

The metabolism is anaerobic , i.e. In other words, they only show growth under anaerobic conditions - i.e. with the exclusion of oxygen - and carry out fermentation . The species is chemo-organotrophic . The optimal temperature for growth is between 35–38 ° C, growth takes place at temperatures of 25–40 ° C. There are pH values tolerated by 6.5-9.0, are for the growth optimum at pH values from 7.3 to 8.0. There are glucose , galactose and ribose fermented. Ethanol is not produced during fermentation. In contrast, acetate (the anion of acetic acid ) and hydrogen (H 2 ) are formed in a molar ratio of 1: 2, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is also produced during fermentation. By an increasing H 2 - partial pressure of the growth is inhibited while an increasing acetate concentration has no effect on growth.

Pathogenicity

Acetofilamentum rigidum is not pathogenic ("pathogenic") and is assigned to risk group 1 by the Biological Agents Ordinance in conjunction with the TRBA ( Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 466 .

Systematics

The species Acetofilamentum rigidum as well as the genus was discovered by G. Diedrich u. a. first described in 1989. It is the only species of the genus Acetofilamentum and belongs to the division of the Bacteroidetes . Neither genus nor species are listed in the taxonomy database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) (as of 2014). However, genus and species are validly published bacterial taxa that conform to the rules of the bacteriological code and have been identified with Validation List No. 28 (“Confirmation List” No. 28) recognized in 1989.

etymology

The generic name Acetofilamentum is derived from the Latin words acetum for "vinegar" and filamentum for "twisted" or "spun thread" and refers to the thread-like appearance of the cells and their ability to produce acetate (the anion of acetic acid). The species name A. rigidum is derived from the Latin adjective rigidum for "rigid" or "stiff" and refers to the appearance of the cells.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 41-42 .
  2. ↑ a b c d G. Dietrich, N. Weiss et al .: Acetofilamentum rigidum gen. Nov., Sp. nov., a Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium from Sewage Sludge. In: Systematic and Applied Microbiology , Vol. 10, No. 3, August 1988, pp. 273-278, ISSN  0723-2020 . doi: 10.1016 / S0723-2020 (88) 80012-2 .
  3. ↑ TRBA (Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 466: Classification of prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) into risk groups. In: Website of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA). April 25, 2012, p. 7 , accessed April 7, 2014 .
  4. ^ A b c Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Acetofilamentum. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved June 6, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Taxonomy Browser. In: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website . Retrieved April 21, 2014 .
  6. ^ Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB: List No. 28 . In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . tape  39 , no. 1 , January 1, 1989, ISSN  0020-7713 , pp. 93-94 , doi : 10.1099 / 00207713-39-1-93 .

literature

  • Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, 2010, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 41-42 .