Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski
Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski (German Adam Nicholas Sieniawski * 1666 in Lviv ; † 18th February 1726 in Lvov, Poland , now Ukraine ) was a Polish nobleman , officials in the civil service and hetman of the Polish crown . He came from the noble family of the Sieniawskis . His father was Mikołaj Hieronim Sieniawski and his mother Maria Cecilia Sieniawska (1643–1682), née Princess Radziwiłł .
Life
Adam's career began at the age of 17 when he joined the Polish Army , which his father was also in. He fought in the Battle of Kahlenberg against the Ottomans and their allies in 1683; he survived this last great military victory of the aristocratic republic . However, his father Mikołaj Hieronim died in a field camp as a result of an epidemic. Through this personal loss, he came under the supervision of the Grand Hetman of the Polish Crown, Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski (1634-1702). With him he fought as Rittmeister of an elite unit of the hussars (from 1685) against the Tatar peoples (Crimean and Nogai Tatars) and Ottomans in the military conflicts of King Jan III. Sobieski in the Vltava .
After the election of Elector August of Saxony as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1697, he initially went into the opposition as a supporter of the French Prince Conti , but from 1698 fought on the side of the new King from Saxony. He was relatively heavily involved in the Great Northern War , so he took part in the Battle of Klissow in 1702, in the Battle of Rakowitz in 1705 and in the Battle of Kalisch in 1706 as an ally of King August against the Swedes under King Karl XII. and King Stanislaus I. Leszczyński took part. He was in 1703, together with Józef Potocki (1673-1751), who became his political opponent from 1705, commissioned the rebellious Cossacks in the Ukraine (uprising of the Palej 1702-1704) under the leadership of the Cossack colonel Sam Palej (1640-1710) " Pacify ".
After the death of the Grand Hetman Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski , Adam Mikołaj was awarded the Grand Hetman title of the Polish Crown in 1706. In particular in the battle of Kalisz he was able to prove his military and tactical skills. In this battle he commanded about a third of the combined forces of King August II. Józef Potocki was his main opponent in this battle in the role of field hetman (from 1702) and grand hetman of the Polish crown (from 1706) under the primacy of Stanislaus Leszczyński.
After the “voluntary” abdication of August II as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania in the Altranstadt Peace of 1706, Sieniawski was the de facto leader of the Sandomir Confederation , which was directed against the Swedes and Leszczyński. After August II returned to Poland in 1709, he became castellan of Cracow in 1710 and was therefore the first senator of the aristocratic republic. From this point on he tied himself to Russia of Tsar Peter I , whose strong advocate he became. During the Tarnogród Confederation 1715-1716 he was arrested by the insurgents.
Among the Polish military historians, he is more of a mediocre general. Under his hetmanate, Poland became a de facto demilitarized zone in the Silent Sejm of 1717 under Russian "mediation" through the curtailment of the rights and powers of the hetmans, but above all the creation of a standing army of only 24,000 men . The much smaller Brandenburg-Prussia maintained a standing army of up to 60,000 men under arms during the same period , which was massively increased in manpower in the following decades .
Civil service
Adam Mikołaj held various state offices in the territory of the Kingdom of Poland, he was field hetman of the Polish crown 1702–1706, grand hetman of the Polish crown 1706–1726, voivode of Bels 1692–1710, castellan of Krakow 1710 and starost of Lemberg, Rohatyn , Lubaczów , Stryj and Piaseczno .
Marriage and offspring
In 1687 he married Elżbieta Helena Sienawska (1669–1729), nee Princess Lubomirska . With her he had a daughter, Maria Zofia Sienawska (1698–1771), who was married first from 1724 to Count Stanislaw Ernest Denhoff (1673–1728), then from 1731 to Prince August Aleksander Czartoryski .
literature
- For the Polish crown
- The relief of Vienna in 1683
- On the Eve of Poltava
- Encyklopedia historii Polski
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| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sieniawski, Adam Mikołaj |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sieniawski, Adam Nikolaus |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish nobleman, civil servant and general |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1666 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Lviv |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 18, 1726 |
| Place of death | Lviv, Poland , today Ukraine |