Ala I Ulpia Contariorum

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The military diploma of July 2, 133 AD ( CIL 16, 76 )

The Ala I Ulpia Contariorum [milliaria] [civium Romanorum] [Antoniniana] [Gordiana] ( German  1. Ala the Ulpische der Contarii [1000 men] [the Roman citizens] [the Antoninian] [the Gordian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. In some inscriptions it is called Ala Contariorum .

Name components

  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Ala prima ...
  • Ulpia : the Ulpian. The honorary designation refers to Emperor Trajan , whose full name is Marcus Ulpius Traianus .
  • Contariorum : the Contarii . A Contarius was armed with a long thrusting lance, the Contus .
  • milliaria : 1000 men. The addition appears in the military diplomas from 112 to 161 and in some inscriptions. In military diplomas and inscriptions, with one exception, the symbol is used instead of milliaria .
  • civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen. The soldiers of the unit had been granted Roman citizenship at one point in time. However, this did not apply to soldiers who were accepted into the unit after this point in time. They received Roman citizenship only with their honorable farewell ( Honesta missio ) after 25 years of service. The addition appears in the military diploma of 137/139 and in three inscriptions.
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorific designation that refers to Caracalla (211-217) or Elagabal (218-222). The addition appears in an inscription.
  • Gordiana : the Gordian. A title of honor that refers to Gordian III. (238-244) refers. The addition appears in the certificate of dismissal from 240.

The unit was an ala milliaria . The nominal strength of the Ala was 720 men, consisting of 24 towers with 30 riders each.

history

The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia superior and Dacia superior . It is listed on military diplomas for the years 112-161 AD.

The unit was either reorganized by Trajan (98–117) or an already existing unit was honored by him with the addition of Ulpia . The first evidence of unity in Pannonia superior is based on a diploma dated 112. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman forces in Pannonia superior ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 126 to 161, prove unity in the same province.

The unity in 121 in the province of Dacia superior is proven by several diplomas . In the diplomas, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia superior ) that were stationed in the province. It was probably moved to Dacia superior at the beginning of the reign of Hadrian (117-138) to take part in the fight against the Jazygen there . By 126 at the latest she was back in Pannonia superior .

The two diplomas of 150 and 151 show that the Ala (or a vexillation of the same) was temporarily transferred from Pannonia superior to Mauretania Caesariensis in order to take part in the suppression of an uprising; there were also found inscriptions of the unity.

The unit was stationed in Arrabona until the first decades of the 3rd century . The last evidence of unity is based on an inscription dated April 21, 252, which was found in Apamea in the province of Syria .

Locations

Locations of the Ala in Pannonia and Syria were:

  • Apamea : several inscriptions have been found here.
  • Arrabona ( Győr ): several inscriptions have been found here.

Inscriptions were found in other places in Pannonia .

Members of the Ala

The following members of the Ala are known:

Commanders

Others

See also

Web links

Commons : Ala I Ulpia Contariorum  - collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b According to Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl, these diplomas are the only known case that Roman citizenship was granted both to the soldiers themselves and to their parents, brothers and sisters. Citizenship was presumably granted to all soldiers of the Ala I Ulpia Contariorum who had belonged to the unit at a certain point in time; When the diplomas were handed over about three years later, this applied to both still active soldiers ( ante emerita stipendia ) and veterans who had already left ( ex gregale ). The special merit, which was the triggering reason for this extraordinary granting of citizenship, is likely to be related to the stay of Emperor Hadrian in the Danube region.
  2. ↑ The soldiers released in 112 had been recruited at least 25 years earlier. According to John Spaul, two alternatives are conceivable: either the Ala I Ulpia Contariorum was reorganized by Trajan and these soldiers had been taken over from other units as the core of the new unit, or the unit already existed under the Flavian emperors and it received the from Trajan Honorary title Ulpia on a special occasion, e.g. B. when expanding from an Ala quingenaria to an Ala milliaria .
  3. ↑ The assignment to the unit is presumed, but is not certain.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Inscriptions ( AE 1956, 124 , AE 1993, 1590 , AE 2008, 1087 , CIL 3, 4183 , CIL 3, 4369 , CIL 3, 4378 , CIL 3, 11081 , CIL 3, 13441 , CIL 6, 1449 , CIL 8 , 9291 ).
  2. ↑ Inscriptions with milliaria ( AE 1908, 45 , AE 1908, 46 , AE 1987, 796 , CIL 3, 4359 , CIL 3, 4362 , CIL 5, 5266 ).
  3. ^ Inscriptions with civium Romanorum ( AE 1908, 45 , CIL 3, 4359 , CIL 3, 4362 ).
  4. ^ Inscription with Antoniniana ( CIL 3, 11081 ).
  5. ↑ a b Certificate of discharge of 240 ( RMM 00074 ).
  6. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 112 ( RMD 4, 223 ), 121 ( RMD 1, 19 , RMD 5, 357 , ZPE-165-213 , ZPE-166-284 , ZPE-175-256 ), 126 ( RMD 4, 236 ) , 133 ( CIL 16, 76 ), 134 ( RMD 4, 250 ), 137/139 ( CarnuntumJb-2018-107,1 ), 139 ( ZPE-172-271 ), 146 ( CIL 16, 178 ), 148 ( CIL 16, 96 ), 149/161 ( AE 1992, 1409 ), 150 ( RMD 4, 273 ), 151 ( RMM 00032 ), 154 ( CIL 16, 104 ), 154/161 ( RMD 3, 174 ), 155/156 ( RMD 5, 416 ), 156/160 ( RMM 00042 ), 159 ( AE 2004, 1905 , RMD 5, 422 ) and 161 ( RMD 3, 176 , RMD 5, 430 , RMD 5, 431 ).
  7. ^ A b c John EH Spaul , Ala², pp. 97-100.
  8. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 162 table 6 ( PDF ).
  9. ^ Karl Strobel : Notes on the troop history of the Danube region in the High Imperial Era IV: To the troop list of the Upper Pannonian military diploma CIL XVI 64 from 116 AD with an appendix on the history of the Ala I Ulpia contariorum milliaria c. R. In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE), Volume 70 (1987), pp. 259-270, here pp. 268-270 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Again: "Father, mother, sisters, brothers". In: ZPE, Volume 165 (2008), pp. 213-218, here pp. 215-217 ( online ).
  11. ↑ a b Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl: "Father, Mother, Sisters, Brothers ...": 3rd act In: ZPE, Volume 166 (2008), pp. 276–284, here pp. 278, 281–283 ( Online ).
  12. ↑ a b Barbara Pferdehirt : Roman military diplomas and discharge certificates in the collection of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum. (=  Catalogs of prehistoric antiquities 37), 2 volumes, Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 2004, ISBN 3-88467-086-7 Volume 1, pp. 107-108, 191.
  13. ↑ Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl, Paul Holder : A constitution from the year 152 or 153 for Lower Saxony and British troops, delegated to Mauretania Tingitana In: ZPE, Volume 199 (2016), pp. 187-201, here pp. 191, 194 ( Online ).
  14. ↑ Inscriptions from Africa ( CIL 8, 9291 , CIL 8, 21620 ).
  15. ^ Inscription ( AE 1987, 955 ).
  16. ↑ Inscriptions from Apamea ( AE 1987, 955 , AE 1993, 1589 , AE 1993, 1590 , AE 1993, 1591 , AE 1993, 1592 , AE 1993, 1593 , AE 1993, 1596 ).
  17. ^ Inscriptions from Arrabona ( AE 1908, 45 , AE 1908, 46 , CIL 3, 4359 , CIL 3, 4360 , CIL 3, 4361 , CIL 3, 4362 , CIL 3, 4369 , CIL 3, 4370 , CIL 3, 4378 , CIL 3, 4379 ).
  18. ^ Inscriptions from Brigetio ( AE 2008, 1087 , CIL 3, 4278 ) and from Savaria ( CIL 3, 4183 ).