Roman forces in Pannonia

The province of Pannonia

The Roman armed forces in Pannonia ( Latin exercitus Pannonicus ) consisted of the legions and auxiliary troops stationed in the Roman province of Pannonia as well as the Classis Pannonica from the beginning of the first century AD . Originally, Pannonia was part of the province of Illyricum ; Illyricum was divided into the provinces of Illyricum superius and Illyricum inferius in the first century AD , from which the two new provinces of Pannonia and Dalmatia later emerged.

During the reign of Emperor Trajan (98–117) the province was divided into Pannonia superior in the west and Pannonia inferior in the east. Under Diocletian (284-305), the two provinces were then redistributed into Pannonia prima , Pannonia secunda , Pannonia Savia and Pannonia Valeria .

Legions

The following legions (or parts of them) were stationed in the province of Pannonia at the following locations at different times:

• Aquincum ( Budapest ): the legions II Adiutrix , IIII Flavia Felix , X Gemina
• Brigetio : the legions I Adiutrix , II Augusta , XI Claudia , XIII Gemina , XIIII Gemina , XV Apollinaris , XXI Rapax , XXX Ulpia Victrix
• Carnuntum : the legions X Gemina, XIIII Gemina, XV Apollinaris

Auxiliary troops

Illyricum / Pannonia

A.D. 60 to 61

On military diplomas from the years 60 and 61, 4 Alae and 7 cohorts are listed for the province of Pannonia:

Ala II Asturum Ala I Hispanorum Aravacorum Ala II Hispanorum Aravacorum Ala I Hispanorum Auriana

Cohors I Alpinorum pedidata Cohors II Alpinorum Cohors I Asturum et Callaecorum Cohors V Callaecorum Lucensium

Cohors I Hispanorum Cohors II Hispanorum Cohors I Lusitanorum

80 to 85 AD

Military diplomas from the years 80, 84, and 85 list 6 alae and 20 cohorts:

Ala I Civium Romanorum Ala Frontoniana Ala I Hispanorum Arvacorum Ala II Hispanorum arvacorum Ala I Praetoria Ala Siliana

Cohors I Alpinorum peditata Cohors I Alpinorum equitata Cohors II Alpinorum Cohors II Asturum et Callaecorum Cohors I Augusta Ituraeorum Cohors I Britannica Cohors I Brittonum

Cohors V Breucorum Cohors VII Breucorum Cohors V Callaecorum Lucensium Cohors V Gallorum Cohors II Hispanorum Cohors I Lepidiana Cohors I Lusitanorum

Cohors I Lucensium Cohors I Montanorum (Moesia) Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia) Cohors I Noricorum Cohors VIII Raetorum Cohors III Thracum Cohors VI Thracum

AD 98-102

On military diplomas from the years 98 and 102, 4 alae and 8 cohorts are listed:

Ala I Augusta Ituraeorum Ala I Flavia Augusta Britannica Ala I Hispanorum Arvacorum Ala Siliana

Cohors I Alpinorum ped Cohors II Alpinorum Cohors I Augusta Ituraeorum Cohors I Batavorum milliaria

Cohors II Batavorum Cohors I Lusitanorum Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia) Cohors VIII Raetorum

Pannonia inferior

110 to 114 A.D.

On military diplomas from 110 and 114, 6 alae and 12 cohorts are listed for the province of Pannonia Inferior:

Ala I Flavia Britannica Ala I Flavia Gaetulorum Ala Frontoniana Ala Hispanorum Campagonum Ala Praetoria Ala Siliana

Cohors I Alpinorum eq Cohors I Alpinorum ped Cohors II Alpinorum Cohors II Asturum et Callaecorum Cohors II Augusta Nervia Pacensis mill Brittonum Cohors V Gallorum

Cohors I Lusitanorum Cohors III Lusitanorum pf Cohors VI Lusitanorum Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia) Cohors I Noricorum Cohors I Thracum cR pf

A.D. 129 to 167

On military diplomas from the years 129, 135, 139, 141/144, 143, 144, 148, 154/161, 157, 159, 166/168 and 167, 6 Alae and 16 cohorts are listed:

Ala I Augusta Ituraeorum Ala I Brittonum Ala I Flavia Britannica Ala Praetoria Ala I Civium Romanorum Ala I Thracum veterana

Cohors I Alpinorum eq Cohors I Alpinorum ped Cohors II Asturum Cohors II Asturum et Callaecorum Cohors II Augusta Thracum Cohors III Batavorum

Cohors VII Breucorum Cohors I Brittonum Cohors I Campanorum Cohors I Lusitanorum Cohors III Lusitanorum Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia)

Cohors II Nerviorum et Callaecorum Cohors I Noricorum Cohors I Thracum cR Cohors I Thracum Germanica

AD 192 to 203

On military diplomas from the years 192 and 203, 5 Alae and 17 cohorts are listed:

Ala I Augusta Ituraeorum Ala I Flavia Britannica mill cR Ala Praetoria Ala I Civium Romanorum Ala I Thracum veterana

Cohors I Alpinorum eq Cohors I Alpinorum ped Cohors II Augusta Thracum Cohors I Aurelia Dacorum Cohors III Batavorum mill Cohors VII Breucorum

Cohors I Campanorum Cohors I Hemesenorum Cohors I milliaria Hemesenorum Cohors I Lusitanorum Cohors III Lusitanorum pf Cohors milliaria Maurorum

Cohors I Montanorum (Pannonia) Cohors I Noricorum Cohors II Novae Cohors I Thracum cR Cohors I Thracum Germanica

Pannonia superior

112 to 116 AD

On military diplomas from the years 112, 113 and 116 6 are Alae and 3 cohorts listed:

Ala Batavorum mill cR pf Ala I Bosporanorum Ala I Cannanefatium

Ala I Hispanorum Arvacorum Ala I Thracum veterana Ala I Ulpia contariorum mill

Cohors I Batavorum mill pf Cohors II Batavorum mill Cohors V Callaecorum Lucensium

A.D. 126 to 163

On military diplomas from the years 126, 133, 134, 138, 141, 146, 148, 149, 154, 155, 159, 161 and 163, 5 alae and 8 cohorts are listed:

Ala III Augusta Thracum sagittaria Ala I Cannanefatium Ala I Hispanorum Arvacorum Ala I Thracum victrix Ala I Ulpia contariorum

Cohors I Aelia Gaesatorum Cohors I Aelia Sagittariorum Cohors II Alpinorum Cohors V Callaecorum Lucensium Cohors I Thracum cR

Cohors I Ulpia Pannoniorum mill Cohors IV voluntariorum cR Cohors XVIII voluntariorum cR

Classis Pannonica

→ Main article : Classis Pannonica

The classis Pannonia , later classis Histricae , was part of the Roman frontier troops and operated from the 1st to the 5th century on the rivers Danuvius ( Danube ), Dravus ( Drava ) and Savus ( Save ), its surveillance area stretching from Castra Regina ( Regensburg ) to Singidunum ( Belgrade ).

See also

• List of Roman legions
• List of Roman auxiliary units

Individual evidence

1. ^ Nicolae Gudea : The Limes of the province of Pannonia inferior (106-294 AD). In: Yearbook of the Roman-Germanic Central Museum. Volume 60 (2013), pp. 462, 478, 517 ( PDF ).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Jörg Scheuerbrandt: Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 161–163 Tables 5–7 ( PDF pp. 163–165 ).
3. ↑ Pannonia: Military diplomas of the years 60 ( CIL 16, 4 ) and 61 ( RMD 1, 48 )
4. ↑ Pannonia: Military diplomas of the years 80 ( CIL 16, 26 , RMD 3, 138 ), 84 ( CIL 16, 30 ) and 85 ( CIL 16, 31 )
5. ↑ Pannonia: Military diplomas of the years 98 ( CIL 16, 42 ) and 102 ( CIL 16, 47 )
6. ↑ Pannonia inferior: Military diplomas of the years 110 ( CIL 16, 164 ) and 114 ( CIL 16, 61 , RMD 3, 153 )
7. ↑ Pannonia inferior: Military diplomas of the years 129 ( RMD 1, 34 ), 135 ( RMD 4, 251 ), 139 ( CIL 16, 175 ), 141/144 ( RMD 4, 268 ), 143 ( RMD 4, 266 ), 144 ( RMD 5, 397 ), 148 ( CIL 16, 179 , CIL 16, 180 ), 154/161 ( RMD 2, 110 ), 157 ( RMD 2, 102 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 112 , CIL 16, 113 ) , 166/168 ( RMD 3, 181 ) and 167 ( CIL 16, 123 )
8. ↑ Pannonia inferior: Military diplomas from 192 ( RMD 5, 447 ) and 203 ( RMD 3, 187 )
9. ↑ Pannonia superior: Military diplomas of the years 112 ( RMD 4, 223 ), 113 ( RMD 2, 86 ), 116 ( CIL 16, 64 )
10. ↑ Pannonia superior: Military diplomas of the years 126 ( RMD 4, 236 ), 133 ( CIL 16, 76 ), 134 ( RMD 4, 250 ), 138 ( CIL 16, 84 ), 141 ( RMD 5, 391 ), 146 ( CIL 16, 178 ), 148 ( CIL 16, 96 ), 149 ( CIL 16, 97 ), 154 ( CIL 16, 104 ), 155 ( RMD 5, 414 ), 159 ( RMD 5, 422 ), 161 ( RMD 3, 176 , RMD 5, 430 ) and 163 ( RMD 1, 62 )