Roman forces in Syria
The Roman armed forces in Syria ( Latin exercitus Syriacus ) existed from the middle of the first century BC. From the legions and auxiliary troops stationed in the Roman provinces of Syria and Iudaea / Syria Palestine .
The province of Iudaea was renamed or redistributed at various times over the years:
- Under Hadrian (117-138) the province of Iudaea was renamed Syria Palestine after the Bar Kochba uprising around 135 AD .
- Under Septimius Severus (193-211) Syria Palestine was divided into the two provinces Syria Coele and Syria Phoenice in 193/194 .
- Under Diocletian (284-305) Syria Coele and Syria Phoenice were redistributed into Syria , Syria salutaris , Syria Euphratensis , Phoenice and Phoenice Lebanesia , all of which were part of the Diocese of Oriens .
Legions
The following legions (or parts of them) were stationed at different times in Syria Province at the following locations:
- Antioch : the legions of V Macedonica , X Fretensis and XII Fulminata
- Raphaneia : the legions III Gallica , VI Ferrata and XII Fulminata
- Zeugma : the Legion IIII Scythica
The following legions (or parts of them) were stationed at different times in the province of Iudaea at the following locations:
- Caparcotna: the legions II Traiana fortis and VI Ferrata
- Jerusalem : the Legion X Fretensis
Auxiliary troops
Syria
On military diplomas .. From the years 88 to 156/157 AD 14 are Alae and 33 cohorts for the province listed, but not all were stationed at the same time in the province:
In addition, two other units for the province are documented by inscriptions:
Iudaea (from 135 AD, Syria Palestine)
Diplomas from AD 86 to 186 list 5 alae and 15 cohorts for the province, but not all of them stationed in the province at the same time:
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Notitia dignitatum
The Notitia dignitatum lists four military commanders who were responsible for the troops stationed in the former provinces of Syria and Syria Palestine .
Dux Mesopotamiae
The following units are listed under his command:
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Dux Osrhoenae
The following units are listed under his command:
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Dux Palestinae
The following units are listed under his command:
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Dux Syriae
The following units are listed under his command:
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Classis Syriaca
The Classis Syriaca was the Roman fleet stationed in the province of Syria .
Commander in Chief of the Army
See: List of Roman governors in Syria and List of Roman governors in Judea
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 172–173 Tables 14–15 ( PDF ).
- ↑ Peter Weiß , The auxiliaries of the Syrian army from Domitian to Antoninus Pius. An interim balance after the new military diplomas In: Chiron , Volume 36 (2006), pp. 249–298.
- ↑ Syria: Military diplomas of the years 54 ( CIL 16, 3 ), 88 ( Chiron-2006-252 , Chiron-2006-253 , CIL 16, 35 , RMD 1, 3 , RMD 5, 329 , RMD 5, 330 , RMD 5 , 331 ), 91 ( Chiron- 2006-214 , Chiron-2006-218 , Chiron-2006-221 , Chiron-2006-255 , RMD 1, 4 , RMD 1, 5 , RMD 4, 214 , ZPE-183-234 ), 93 ( ZPE-165-219 ), 106/117 ( AE 2005, 1733 ), 129 ( AE 2006, 1852 , Chiron-2006-230 , Chiron-2006-233 , Chiron-2006-234 , Chiron-2006- 237 , Chiron-2006-239 , Chiron-2006-241 , Chiron-2006-242 , RMD 5, 371 , RMD 5, 372 , RMD 5, 388 , ZPE-183-236 , ZPE-190-293 ), 129 / 134 ( AE 2005, 1735 ), 133/134 ( AE 2007, 1238 ), 134/154 ( CIL 16, 103 ), 144 ( ZPE-188-255 , ZPE-193-253 ), 153 ( Chiron-2006-267 ) and 156/157 ( CIL 16, 106 ).
- ^ Iudaea (from 135 AD Syria Palestine): Military diplomas from the years 86 ( AE 2005, 1731 , CIL 16, 33 , SCI-2010-21 ), 87 ( SCI-2012-54 , ZPE-170-201 , ZPE -170-205 ), 90 ( RMD 5, 332 ), 134/154 ( CIL 16, 103 ), 136/137 ( RMD 3, 160 ), 138 ( CIL 16, 87 ), 139 ( CIL 16, 87 ), 142 ( RMM 00029 ), 147 ( SCI-2016-92 ), 149/161 ( RMD 1, 60 ), 151/154 ( SCI-2016-85 ), 157/158 ( RMD 5, 421 ), 158 ( ZPE- 157-190 , ZPE-159-283 ), 160 ( AE 2005, 1730 , AE 2011, 1810 , RMD 3, 173 , RMM 00041 ) and 186 ( RMD 1, 69 ).
- ^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis XXXVI ( online ).
- ^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis XXXV ( online ).
- ^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis XXXIV ( online ).
- ^ Notitia dignitatum in partibus Orientis XXXIII ( online ).