Alexander Wassiljewitsch Kwasnikow

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Alexander Wassiljewitsch Kwasnikows memorial plaque, Prospect Lenina 30a, Tomsk

Alexander Wassiljewitsch Kwasnikow ( Russian Александр Васильевич Квасников ; * July 13th / May 25th,  1892 greg. In Baku ; † September 25th 1971 in Moscow ) was a Russian physicist and university professor .

Life

After attending secondary school, Kwasnikow drove as an intern on Volga ships . In 1910 he began studying at the Moscow Technical University in the Department of Mechanics . He took part in Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky's study group and dealt with the Magnus effect . He reported about it at the All-Russian Aeronaut Congress in St. Petersburg and got to know Konstantin Eduardowitsch Ziolkowski . In 1915, after the First World War began , he volunteered at flight school and then went to the front . In 1916 he was a military pilot - Praporschtschik with several medals. For the first time he shot down a German balloon with rockets on a Nieuport aircraft .

In 1917 Kwasnikov was demobilized and went to Tomsk , where he graduated from the Tomsk Technology Institute (TTI) in 1918 after the October Revolution . From 1922 he taught at Innokenti Nikolajewitsch Butakow at the chair for heat engines at the TTI. When Butakov went to Moscow in 1927 , Kwasnikow headed the chair and was appointed professor . He founded a laboratory for light engines and, according to his son, who like his father was an employee of the Moscow State Aviation Institute (MAI), developed an air-cooled two-cylinder engine for installation in it with his students and with the support of TTI Rector Nikolai Vladimirovich Gutovskoy in the laboratory workshops developed aircraft. According to another source, the engine was made by GW Trapesnikov's group. On August 17, 1927, the first aircraft with a Russian engine successfully flew.

In 1931, Kwasnikow and his students were transferred to Moscow to manage work in the aircraft engine division of the recently founded MAI . To this end, he helped set up the engine faculty on the new site for the MAI in the village of Vsechswjatskoje, which has belonged to Moscow since 1917, and the artists' cooperative settlement of Sokol . Then he headed the chair for aircraft engines, which subsequently became the chair for the theory of aircraft engines. The focus was on complex drive systems, turbochargers and jet engines . In 1951, together with Oleg Iwanowitsch Kudrin and Wladimir Nikolajewitsch Tschelomei, he announced the strong acceleration that had been determined with a pulsed jet as an invention.

From 1953 Kwasnikow concentrated on rocket engines . In 1958 he received his doctorate in technical sciences. From 1960 he regularly held seminars on electric rocket propulsion for space travel in the Kurchatov Institute in the plasma research department . In 1962 the Chair No. 208 for electric rocket propulsion of the MAI was founded under the direction of Kwasnikov. As part of the Mars program , on December 18, 1964, during the flight of Sonde-2 to Mars, pulsed plasma engines were successfully tested for the first time worldwide.

Kwasnikov was buried in the Vvedenskoye cemetery .

Honors, prizes

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Мария Никольская: Я прожил интересную жизнь ... In: Newspaper of National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University . No. June 11 , 2012 ( [1] [accessed September 29, 2019]).
  2. ↑ a b MAY: Из истории высшего авиационного образования в России (accessed September 29, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c d e Л.А.Квасников (МАИ): Космическая энергетика и космические электроракетные двигательные системы - актуальные проблемы создания и обеспечения качества, высокие технологии: А.В.КВАСНИКОВ И РАЗВИТИЕ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ ТЕМАТИКИ В МАИ (accessed on 29 September 2019).
  4. ↑ Томский политехнический университет: Квасников Александр Васильевич (accessed September 29, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Kwasnikow, Alexander Wassiljewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Квасников, Александр Васильевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian physicist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH May 25, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Baku
DATE OF DEATH September 25, 1971
Place of death Moscow