Allerburg Castle
| Allerburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 The Allerburg - after Duval (1845) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Ellerburg | |
| Creation time : | 1100 to 1200 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Stump of the keep | |
| Standing position : | Local nobility | |
| Construction: | Rubble stones, bricks | |
| Place: | Bockelnhagen | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 33 '14.4 " N , 10 ° 24' 56.9" E | |
| Height: | 323 m above sea level NHN | |
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Allerburg Castle , also called Ellerburg , is the ruin of a hilltop castle on the Allerberg near Bockelnhagen in the Eichsfeld district in Thuringia .
location
The castle complex is only about 3 km from the Thuringian-Lower Saxony border near Bad Lauterberg and about 1200 m southwest of the local area of Bockelnhagen on an isolated 323 m above sea level. NHN high mountain cone, the Allerberg . Other neighboring towns are Silkerode in the northwest, Zwinge in the west and Weißenborn-Lüderode in the south.
Within the red sandstone landscape of the Silkeroder hill country , the hilltop consists of shell limestone ; as a witness mountain , it is the northeasternmost branch of the Ohmgebirgs graben zone (Allerburg graben). According to the natural structure of the manual of the natural structure of Germany in the single sheet 100 Halberstadt , the Allerburg-Graben and the neighboring Iberg-Graben are still included in the Bischofferoder Bergland (374.31) within the Eichsfeld Basin .
The wooded mountain is located south of the Weilroder Eller valley and its tributaries Scherenberggraben (in the west), Eselsbrunnengraben (in the northeast) and Krümminggraben (in the east). The relatively small summit area with around 25 × 35 m only offers space for a small castle complex, which presumably consisted of a lower and upper castle and was surrounded by a moat . An old ravine can still be seen from the valley up to the hilltop. Below the mountain top there is a refuge and some display boards.
history
There is only uncertain evidence for the early years of the castle complex. The castle was probably built by the lords of Allerberg, the Rieme family (the ancestors of the von Minnigerode family) before the 12th century. The castle was first mentioned in 1266 as the ancestral seat of the Minningerode family belonging to the southern Harz county of Lutterberg-Scharzfeld . At the beginning of the 14th century, the Counts of Hohnstein were named as feudal lords, in the middle of this century the Landgraves of Hesse were (partial) owners of the castle. In the 14th century the castle was expanded and after years of inheritance disputes, some of it came to the Counts of Schwarzburg . During the Peasants' War the castle was destroyed by insurgents in 1525 and mentioned as a ruin in 1596. In 1593 the castle was completely taken over by the Counts of Schwarzburg after the partial owners died out and in 1612 it was occupied by the Dukes of Braunschweig , whose ownership was confirmed by the court in 1694. After the Congress of Vienna in 1816, the castle went to Prussia .
In the middle of the 19th century there were still remains of the old castle complex, which was replaced by Baron August von Minnigerode with a new brick building with a half-timbered structure before 1930. This new building also fell into ruin today.
The description of the castle by Carl Duval
On October 25, 1845, the Eichsfeld local researcher and writer Carl Duval visited the castle complex, he also made the attached drawing for the following description.
- Soon the mountain that supports the Allerburg was lying in front of me and the only wall that still crowns the summit of the mountain looked, brightly illuminated by the sun, over the high forest trees like a greeting from old times into the valley.
- On a very pleasant, grassy path, on which seats are attached here and there in some places, I climbed the castle hill under green, yellow and red colored trees and soon came to a vacant place which had been surrounded in earlier times, but now is veiled by fresh lawn and is often used as a meeting place for cheerful parties from the area, especially from the nearby village of Bockelnhagen.
- Multiple paths lead from this point to the highest peak of the mountain. First you come across a depression which, according to the narration of the residents of a buried cellar, according to others, is said to be due to the fact that a treasure was once found here and excavations were carried out in the hope of discovering several of them, but which were probably unsuccessful .
- On the highest, steep summit of the mountain lies the walls, which you can see towering over the forest from afar. It is characterized neither by grandeur nor by picturesque beauty, but is of particular interest as the last rubble of a fortress, which still inhabited a happily green and flourishing family today.
- With the small surface of the mountain, the castle could not have been of a great extent; but it was still clearly recognized that it consisted of two parts, a lower and an upper castle, which, in the manner of the oldest forts, contained only one tower or a solid tower-like building. - Here too, on the higher points of the mountain, there are benches here and there.
Castle District
According to Duval and the desert inventory Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr, the following villages belonged to the castle: Bockelnhagen , Silkerode , Zwinge and the Neue Hof , as well as the desert areas : Ankerode, Kirchdorf , Möncherode, Hochstedt, Besselhagen, Weilrode. In addition to the relatives of the castle lords of Rieme , Bockelnhagen, Minnigerode , Allerberg and Esplingerode , the following castle men or bailiffs can be identified who were appointed or enfeoffed by the owners of the castle:
- 1276 Knights Heidenricus and Sigfridus de Alreberc (ev. Siegfried Corigia or Rieme)
- 1325 Schlotheim slume
- 1348 Bertold von Nesselröden
- 1352 Tile von Berlepsch (Hessian bailiff)
- 1357 Diedrich and Eckard von Grone (Hessian officials)
- 1397 Ludolf von Gerterode on behalf of the Hessian Landgrave as bailiff at the castle
- 1410 Heinrich von Rorungen, 1412 Jan and Gottschalk von Plesse and 1415 Dietrich von Hohnstein
- 1424 Hermann von Grone
Lookout tower and hermitage
Around 1910 and 1930, a brick lookout tower with a leaning hermitage was built on the remains of the castle. The upper story of the tower consisted of a half-timbered tower and a pointed roof. This facility has also fallen into ruin; it was in the 5 km exclusion zone along the inner German border between 1945 and 1989 and could therefore no longer be visited by the population.
Todays use
The castle site is a protected ground monument . The area in question is used for forestry and is freely accessible to tourists.
investment
The small castle complex extended over the leveled summit plateau of the mountain. The circular wall, still recognizable in its extension and location, enclosed a castle area measuring around 25 by 35 meters, which was still surrounded by a rampart and a ring moat . A stump of the former keep with a diameter of 10 meters is still preserved. According to tradition, other remains of the wall are interpreted as the ruins of the former parish church of St. Michael , which presumably served as the final resting place of the former lords of the castle.
The medieval complex, built from rubble stones , was supplemented by the construction of a brick observation tower in the 1930s.
literature
- Carl Duval (Ed.): The Eichsfeld. Or historical-romantic description of all cities, castles, palaces, monasteries, villages and other noteworthy points of the Eichsfeld . Eupel, Sondershausen 1845, p. 378–382: Allerburg (photomechanical reprint. Von Hirschheydt, Hannover-Döhren 1979, ISBN 3-7777-0002-9 ).
- Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications . Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 28: Allerburg .
- Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 47-48: Allerburg .
- Friedrich Stolberg: Fortifications in and on the Harz from early history to modern times. A handbook (= research and sources on the history of the Harz region . Volume 9 ). Lax, Hildesheim 1968, p. 5: Allerburg .
- Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : The desert areas of the Eichsfeld: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. Göttingen (O. Hendel) 1903, pages 20-36
Web links
- Entry on Allerburg in the private database "Alle Burgen".
- The Allerburg near Bockelnhagen
Individual evidence
- ^ Topographic map, 1: 25,000, sheet 4428: Weißenborn-Lüderode. State Office for Surveying and Geoinformation, Thuringia 2006, ISBN 3-86140-337-4 .
- ↑ J. Spönemann: Geographical land survey: the natural space units on sheet 100 Halberstadt - Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1970 → online maps
- ↑ Carl Duval: The Eichsfeld . S. 379 f .
- ^ Levin Freiherr von Wintzingeroda-Knorr: The desertions of the Eichsfeldes. Directory of the desolations, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of justice and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt (province of Hanover), Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen (state and city) and Worbis (province of Saxony) (= historical sources of the province of Saxony and adjacent areas. Volume 40, ZDB -ID 985357-1 ). Hendel, hall 1903.
- ↑ Levin von Wintzingeroda-Knorr : Die Wüstungen des Eichsfeldes: Directory of the desert areas, prehistoric ramparts, mines, courts of law and waiting areas within the districts of Duderstadt, Heiligenstadt, Mühlhausen and Worbis. Göttingen (O. Hendel) 1903, pages 21ff
- ↑ [1] landesarchiv.sachsen-anhalt.de
- ^ After: Carl Duval: Das Eichsfeld. P. 387, note 1, but the burial place of the Lords of Rieme and Minningerode (starting with Bernhard von Rieme † 987 up to Jost von Minningerode † 1555) is in the Pölde Monastery.