Alsatites

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Alsatites
Alsatites proaries

Alsatites proaries

Temporal occurrence
Hettangium
200.3 to 199.6 million years
Locations
Systematics
Cephalopods (cephalopoda)
Ammonites (ammonoidea)
Ammonitida
Psiloceratoidea
Arietitidae
Alsatites
Scientific name
Alsatites
Haug , 1894

Alsatites is a genus of strongly evolutionary ammonites from the Hettangium .

Initial description and naming

The type fossil of the genus Alsatites was originally identified by Alcide Dessalines d'Orbigny in 1844 as Ammonites liasicus . It was not until 1894 that Émile Haug introduced the name that is common today, with which he undoubtedly wanted to honor his homeland - Alsace , Latin alsatius (Alsatian) plus the suffix -ites (belonging to).

Way of life

The individuals of the genus Alsatites were fast swimming marine carnivores . They populated the marine , shallow subtidal , but were also found in siliciclastic basins in the open marine area and down to the shelf ramp in the deep subtidal.

Systematics

The genus Alsatites belongs to the family of Arietitidae (subfamily Alsatitinae ) within the superfamily of Psiloceratoidea . It contains the following taxa:

Sister genera are Canavarites , Gonioptychoceras , Pseudaetomoceras and Tipperoceras .

The synonyms for Alsatites are :

phylogenesis

The superfamily of the Arietitidae , to which the genus Alsatites belongs, separated from the Psiloceratoidea at the beginning of the Middle Hettangian 200.2 million years ago, according to Guex . The latter had already emerged at the beginning of the Hettangian 201.3 million years ago from the Phylloceratoidea , the passers-by of the mass extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic border .

The splitting off of the Lytoceratoidea from the Psiloceratoidea took place a little earlier, namely in the lower hettangium.

More precisely, the genus Alsatites emerged from the genus Caloceras at the beginning of the middle Hettangian 200.2 million years ago . The genus Caloceras , for its part, had separated from the genus Psiloceras in the middle of the lower Hettangian about 201.0 million years ago . The following genera have developed from the genus Alsatites :

Ammonite zone

The third (formerly second) ammonite zone of the Hettangium is named after the taxon Alsatites liasicus - the Liasicus zone . It follows the Planorbis zone named after Psiloceras planorbis and is in turn overlaid by the Angulata zone named after Schlotheimia angulata .

The Liasicus zone consists of the Portlocki subzone (according to Waehneroceras portlocki ) in the lying area and the Laqueus subzone (according to Alsatites laqueus ) in the hanging wall . The Laqueus subzone is again divided into three horizons, with Alsatites laqueus in the horizontal, then Alsatites liasicus and finally Sunrisites hadroptychus in the hanging wall . The Liasicus zone is replaced by the Megastoma zone in the Alps .

Occurrence

Occurrences of the genus Alsatites can be found in Germany in the Schwarzwald-Baar district in Baden-Württemberg and near Bielefeld in North Rhine-Westphalia . In Austria , the genus Alsatites appears in the Schnöll formation at Adnet in the state of Salzburg. Sites of Alsatites in France are at Aubenas and Vinezac on the eastern edge of the Massif Central ( Ardèche ) and in the Oisans in Isère . In the south of Belgium ( province of Luxembourg ) the genus Alsatites occurs near Fontenoille in the Marnes-de-Jamoigne formation . The United Kingdom's Blue Lias Formation also contains Alsatites , and the genus also occurs in Dorset, England and Glamorgan in Wales . The genus Alsatites can also be found in the western Tethys area , namely in the Germig Formation in southern Tibet . In Japan , Alsatites are found in the Niranohama Formation in northwest Honshu .

literature

  • WJ Arkell et al .: Mesozoic Ammonoidea. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, 1957.
  • Raymond C. Moore: Treatise of Invertebrate Paleontology . The Geological Society of America, University of Kansas, Boulder, Colorado 1957, ISBN 0-8137-3112-7 , pp. L235 .

Individual evidence

  1. Jump up ↑ Jiarun Yin, Paul L. Smith, Jozsef Palfy and Raymond Enay: Ammonoids and the Triassic / Jurassic boundary in the Himalayas of Southern Tibet . In: Palaeontology . Vol. 50, Part 3, 2007, pp. 711-737 .
  2. ^ Jack Sepkoski: A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (Cephalopoda entry) . In: Bulletins of American Paleontology . tape 363 , 2002, p. 1-560 .
  3. ^ DG Taylor: Late Hettangian-early Sinemurian (Jurassic) ammonite biochronology of the western Cordillera, United States . In: Geobios . tape 31 , 1998, pp. 467-497 .
  4. ^ S. Guerin-Franiatte: Ammonites du Lias inférieur de France II: Psiloceratidae, Schlotheimiidae et premiers Arietitidae. Mémoire du Center d'Etudes et de Recherches Géologiques et Hydrologique . tape 29 . Montpellier 1990, p. 1-207 .
  5. ^ Jean Guex: Sur la Phylogenese des ammonites du Lias inférieur . In: Bull. Soc. vaud. Se. nat. tape 78.4 , 1987, pp. 455-469 .
  6. ^ Jean Guex, David Taylor, Milos Rakus and Hugo Bucher: New data on the phylogeny of Liassic Ammonites . In: Bull. Soc. vaud. Se. nat. tape 87.2 , 2000, pp. 109-114 .
  7. ^ F. Boehm, O. Ebli, L. Krystyn, H. Lobitzer, M. Rakus and M. Siblik: Fauna, stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Hettangian-Sinemurian (Early Jurassic) of Adnet (Salzburg, Austria) . In: Treatises of the Federal Geological Institute . tape 56 (2) , 1999, pp. 143-271 .
  8. ^ S. Elmi and R. Mouterde: Le Lias inférieur et moyen entre Aubenas et Privas (Ardèche) . In: Trav. lab. géol. Lyon, ns no. 12 , 1965, p. 143-246 .
  9. ↑ J.-L. Dommergues, A. Guiffray, T. Dumont and F. Chevalier: La lumachelle à Cardinia (Bivalves) et Alsatites (Ammonites) du "Revers de Côte Dure" dans l'Hettangien de la couverture sédimentaire du Massif du Rochail (Oisans, Isère, France) . In: Revue de Paléobiologie . tape 30 (1) . Genève 2012, p. 193-221 .
  10. ↑ D. Delsate, CJ Duffin and R. Weis: A new microvertebrate fauna from the Middle Hettangian (Early Jurassic) of Fontenoille (Province of Luxembourg, south Belgium) . In: Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Belgium . tape 48 , 2002, pp. 3-83 .
  11. ^ A. Hallam: A sedimentary and faunal study of the Blue Lias of Dorset and Glamorgan . In: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London . tape 243 , 1960, pp. 1-44 .
  12. ↑ Haruyuki Takahashi: Stratigraphy and ammonite fauna of the Jurassic System of the Southern Kitakami Massif, Northeast Honshu, Japan . In: Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ., 2nd ser. (Geol.) . Vol. 41, No. 1 , 1969, p. 1-93 .