Old Guild of Schönkirchen from 1560
| Old Guild Schönkirchen from 1560 (AGS) |
|
|---|---|
| purpose | Mutual support in the event of broken bones and in the event of death, promotion of shooting sports and maintenance of tradition |
| Chair: | 1. Elderly man (Manfred Wiese) |
| Establishment date: | 1560 |
| Number of members: | 366 (2012) |
| Seat : | Schönkirchen |
| Website: | www.alte-gilde-schoenkirchen.de |
The Alte Gilde Schönkirchen from 1560 continues the traditions of earlier guilds by paying guild members a damage fee in the event of broken bones, granting a death benefit in the event of death and providing the pallbearers for the funeral and also cultivating the Low German language and culture.
prehistory
Its origins go back a long way in history. The word "guild" originally referred to sacrifice and sacrificial meal in pagan times and later became a general name for any type of social event. The idea of not only celebrating together, but also of helping each other in any situation, became more and more solid over time. The focus was not so much on the Christian idea of selfless neighborly love - one did not give in order to give (because giving is more blessed than receiving), but in order to receive again in the same emergency. In contrast to the family as a cooperative of fate, into which one is born without any special effort, the guilds were the first forms of the voluntary cooperative that one could join of one's own accord. The obligation to mutual assistance was often sealed by an oath, until King Charlemagne in the Frankish Empire forbade the guild oath in a capitular in 779 and explicitly mentioned fire support.
The guilds were a genuinely medieval community that stepped into the void that resulted from the gradual decline in family ties, while neither state organization nor profit-making private enterprise were sufficiently developed to relieve the family of the tasks that increasingly exceeded their powers.
The rifle festivals , which, as farmers' feasts, were the sociable high point of village life, have always shaped the feeling of togetherness, especially in the countryside . Depending on the local conditions, the focus of guild life was on fire support (fire guilds, which were formed in particular in the free farming villages of Dithmarschen ), support of the churches (church guilds that were regularly under the direction of a priest, so-called calandas ) or the Promotion of weapon skills and the sociability of the guild brothers (shooting and pleasure guilds).
The Great Fire and Church Guild of 1560
In 1544 , as part of the settlement of a question of succession, the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein were divided among the three sons of the Danish King Frederick I who were entitled to inheritance , with Schönkirchen belonging to Duke Adolf I of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf . However, he first went on a journey and had his land administered by Johann Rantzau , who, together with his son Heinrich Rantzau in Dithmarschen, had got to know the fire guilds widespread in the rural villages there, which provided fire support there. In the east of Holstein, most of the fire support was to be provided by the aristocratic parish squires, who in this way ensured the efficiency of their subjects. Heinrich Rantzau in particular was responsible for spreading the mutuality idea of the fire guilds in the rest of Holstein.
The village of Schönkirchen was a Kiel city village at that time and was administered by the Kiel magistrate. The income from the village initially went to the poor and hospitals associated with the Holy Spirit Monastery, and later mainly to the Nicolaikirche in Kiel.
Insofar as a guild existed in Schönkirchen before 1560, it was probably just a rifle guild with a farmer's feast and did not take out fire insurance until 1560 at the instigation of the landlady von Schrevenborn together with the parish squires Bartram Pogwisch on Dobersdorf, Christopher Gadendorp on Schönhorst and Countess Blome on Oppendorf. The insurance , however, must initially have been an insignificant secondary purpose, while the other purposes, which the existing guild hall also served, i.e. feasts and rifle parties, were in the foreground. Fire insurance did not thrive in the first few years either and suffered from a lack of enthusiasm among the people of Schönkirchen, so that the fire cooperative had to be reformed and confirmed in 1606.
The tasks of the guild lay in the prevention of damages as well as in the compensation of damages. Every four years, the insured houses were checked for damage by a commission and checked four weeks later to see whether the owner's complaints had been resolved. However, if a fire did break out, the injured party received quick help: through active assistance in cleaning the area of the fire, the delivery of urgently needed household items, building materials and, last but not least, manual and tensioning services during reconstruction. The guild motto: "Een för all - all för een" has its origin here.
The guild festival took place at Whitsun , at which an account was given, upcoming decisions were made and the elderly and spectators were elected who ran the guild business and assessed damage. In the evening after the king's shooting at the iron bird, which was attached to a pole, in the guild hall with home-brewed beer one went over to the cozy part of the guild festival with music and dance. The supervision of morals and decency was already the responsibility of the eight-team at that time.
Initially, the fire guild system in Schleswig and Holstein was unregulated and not dependent on official approval. The sovereign confirmation of the statutes of newly founded fire guilds was increasingly necessary until King Christian VI in 1739 . for the Danish parts of Holstein decreed that building fire insurance would only be permitted in the fire guilds established by royal-ducal resolution, for which the continuation of competition through private fire insurance would have been quite annoying. The grounds for this regulatory intervention as usual I was next to the accusation that the guild feasts were wont escalate into desert spree, Overinsurance named, which was partly explained by the fact that the surplus amount should cover the damage to the living and dead furnishings, but also many cases real overinsurance beyond the value of the house and furniture. Many fire guilds then gave up building fire insurance and turned to furniture insurance.
The Schönkirchen guild was initially unaffected. Duke Peter III. had been appointed heir to the Russian throne by the childless Tsarina Elisabeth and ruled his Holstein possessions from Petersburg. With his accession to the throne in 1762, the Holstein title of duke was combined with the Russian tsar's crown, which meant that Schönkirchen became Russian. His wife and successor Catherine II , however, had no use as tsarina after her seizure of power for the Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf area and represented her son, Duke Paul I , in 1773 in the Treaty of Tsarskoe Selo to King Christian VII of Denmark from. This extended the public-sovereign building fire insurance obligation to his newly acquired land, whereupon the Schönkirchen guild completely gave up fire insurance and from then on they only devoted themselves to the care of the village community and for the time being continued the guild as a pleasure guild. Even the lifting of compulsory insurance in 1878 did not lead to the desire to warm up to fire insurance again.
The wind guild for Schönkirchen and the surrounding area from 1819
In 1819, the fire and church guild from 1560 was converted by six Schönkirchen Hufen owners into a wind guild for Schönkirchen and the surrounding area, which was supposed to offer the insured homeowners support in the event of storm damage. According to the statute, the area of this guild extended to the parishes of Schönkirchen , Schönberg , Probsteierhagen and Elmschenhagen, but later extended beyond that.
Whoever wanted to join the guild had to have his house inspected by a foam man, who then set the sum insured . The estimated value was important for the contribution to be paid. In contrast to the current procedure of paying insurance premiums in advance, claims were made against the Gild Brothers after a damaging event by way of apportionment. The amount of the contribution to be paid by the individual guild brother was based on the ratio of the sum insured by him to the total sum insured by the guild. In 1900 the sum insured by the Wind Guild was RM 37,400.00.
For a long time, storm damage was not insurable with public insurance companies and private insurance companies. It was not until around 1900, this took the storm damage in the hazard insurance , and dug up the existing at that time 18 independent wind guilds in Holstein the business of water from as they could, unlike the spatially highly concentrated wind guilds spread the risk on their entire business area. This disadvantage of the local wind guilds became particularly clear in 1894, when hurricane-like storms led to a loss of 2412.00 RM, which could not be covered by the pay-as-you-go system and four fifths had to be financed by the local savings bank.
But the wind guild also held the village community in high esteem and held its guild festival every year at Whitsun. From around 1840 the guild festival was celebrated in the inn in the country house after the strictly regulated bird shooting . The guild's 350th anniversary in 1910 ended with a big ball. Presumably because of the First World War , the guild's activities became less until it was transferred to the Broken Bones Guild after 1927. The old guild Schönkirchen from 1560 still maintains and honors the flag of the wind guild.
The broken bones guild for Schönkirchen and the surrounding area from 1875
When work on the farms was no longer carried out solely by the sons and brothers of the Hufner , but increasingly by servants from outside the family who were particularly dependent on their labor, servants' guilds were founded in the 17th and 18th centuries in which each other the servants were able to insure against the broken bones, which always put them in a particularly difficult position, since the costs of medical care and the loss of income completely consumed the servants' extremely small fortune and left them utterly impoverished. Originally only intended as a support facility for the servants, the servants' guilds opened in 1735 when Christian VI. had the servant guilds forbidden as trouble spots, with regard to their group of insured persons or also with regard to the insured risks.
While in Alt-Heikendorf already in 1709, in Flüggendorf in 1852 and in Schönhorst in 1853 there was a need for a support fund for broken bones, the Broken Bone Guild was only founded in Schönkirchen in 1875. Many of the regulations stipulated in the statutes of 1875 have become part of the tradition of the Alte Gilde Schönkirchen from 1560. The sums insured were comparatively modest at first, for a severe break at the time of founding 0.90 RM was paid, for a slight one 0.60 RM. The break had to be reported within three days by presenting a certificate with a free choice of doctor. If there were multiple breaks, the heavier break was paid for.
The guild festival was celebrated annually on the 1st Sunday before Midsummer Day - and as with all guilds, a bird shooting was part of a successful celebration. The statutes already provided for the wooden bird that is still common today and that was shot at horizontally. The initially usual open list, on which everyone who wanted to shoot and could then shoot themselves to be king , was changed at the turn of the century to a hidden list, where the shooter does not know who he is shooting for, due to the increasing reluctance of the king candidates .
After the unification of the empire in 1871, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck viewed the social democratic parties as enemies of the empire, the basis of which had to be destroyed with “carrot and stick”. While he initially cracked the whip through the Socialist Act of October 19, 1878, the Imperial Embassy of Wilhelm I of November 17, 1881 administered the carrot, which was established on December 1, 1884 for the establishment of statutory health insurance and on October 1, 1885 led to the establishment of the employers' liability insurance association as the institution of the statutory accident insurance, which from 1886 also included those employed in agricultural businesses (see history of social insurance in Germany ). Although a broken bone was no longer an existential risk, the guild brothers remained connected to their guild.
After the outbreak of the First World War, the guild life experienced a significant restriction. From 1915 to 1918 the guild festivals were suspended and only one guild meeting was held, in 1919 a short festival lasting one day was celebrated. The festival activities were not fully resumed until 1920.
A little later, galloping inflation also left its mark on the damage money, which was set at RM 300,000,000,000,000.00 (RM 300 trillion) due to the devaluation of money in 1923.
After 1933 the state increasingly intervened in the affairs of the guild. Due to a ministerial order of 1934, the guild offices were only allowed to be honorary offices. In 1935 the guilds were subjected to insurance supervision, had to adapt their statutes to the regulations of the Insurance Supervision Act and to set up reserve funds that had been determined according to actuarial principles. Since requests to the authorities for an exception to the legal regulations were unsuccessful, the guild was dissolved by a resolution of the extraordinary guild meeting on October 23, 1935.
However, it was permitted to celebrate guild festivals in the spirit of the "old people's community". The last guild festival before the war took place in 1938.
After 1945 - Old Guild Schönkirchen from 1560
After the Second World War , Schönkirchen belonged to the British zone of occupation . The occupying power, however, found it a little difficult to re-admit clubs, whose customs included flag marches with brass music and shooting events. The first guild meeting after the war took place on June 17, 1950. A guild festival on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the bone fracture guild was celebrated as early as 1950.
In the following years the guild increasingly reorganized into a social guild. In 1952 it was decided to change the statutes so that single women can also be registered as full members of the guild. A year later, the Guild Queen was identified for the first time by picking fish at the Guild Festival. Other innovations were also introduced during this time: In 1955, for example, the guild officially took part in a member's funeral with a flag delegation. The decision to wear a uniform guild hat was made in the same year. The guild sisters had to wait until 1993 until the Schönkirchen traditional costume was developed for them in cooperation with master tailor Sünne Lindenthal.
For the 400th anniversary in 1960, it was decided to rename the guild to Alte Gilde Schönkirchen from 1560 and to continue the traditions of the three previous guilds.
In order to avoid scheduling conflicts with the Kiel Week , the Gildefest was first moved from June to the last weekend in May in 1972. A commemorative publication was first published in 1976.
Because the old guild area was softened, especially when it rained, the new shooting range was built on the Weidenkamp in 1983. This was changed from its original shape several times when the shooting range of the air rifle range was roofed over or the new annex or the festival hall was completed in 2009. The activities of the sport shooters were outsourced to their own association in 1993, the sport shooting community of the Alte Gilde Schönkirchen von 1560 eV, where they successfully defend the honor of the Alte Gilde at shooting events.
Organs of the guild
The entire board of directors of the Alte Gilde Schönkirchen from 1560 consists of the executive board (§ 8 Paragraph 1 of the Guild Statute) and the eight-team (§ 8 Paragraph 4 of the Guild Statute). All positions up for election are filled in the guild meeting on the first Saturday in March of the respective year.
The Gildeadel (king, queen) is determined at the Gildefest on the last full weekend of May.
literature
- Helmer, Georg: "History of fire insurance in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein: in particular the history of the origins and development of fire cooperatives or 'fire guilds' in Schleswig-Holstein"; Vol. 1, 2; Berlin: Verb. Public. Fire insurance companies, 1925–1926.
- Sach, August: "The Duchy of Schleswig in its ethnographic and national development"; Vol. 3; Halle / Saale: Verl. D. Buchh. d. Orphanage, 1896.
- Wiese, Hartwig Friedrich: “News from the parish of Schönkirchen, in particular from the parish itself”; Schönkirchen: self-published, 1886.
- Prien, Brigitte, Vorreiter Hanns, Waldner, Jürgen H. (Ed.): “Chronicle 700 Years Schönkirchen”; Keel; Howaldtsche Buchdruckerei, 1993.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ https: //www.alte-gilde-schönkirchen.de/wir-%C3%BCber-uns/
- ↑ cf. Sach, August: "The Duchy of Schleswig in its ethnographic and national development"; Vol. 3; Halle / Saale: Verl. D. Buchh. d. Orphanage, 1896; P. 97
- ^ Prien, Brigitte, Vorreiter Hanns, Waldner, Jürgen H. (Eds.): Chronicle 700 years Schönkirchen ; Keel; Howaldtsche Buchdruckerei, 1993, p. 27
- ↑ cf. Helmer, Georg: History of fire insurance in the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein: in particular the history of the origin and development of the fire cooperatives or 'fire guilds' in Schleswig-Holstein ; Berlin: Verb. Public. Fire insurance companies, 1925–1926; Vol. 1, p. 340
- ^ Helmer, Georg: History of fire insurance ..., p. 283
- ^ Möller, Hans: "On the history of fire insurance in Hamburg"; ( pdf ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ); P. 3
- ^ Prien, Brigitte et al .: Chronicle 700 years of Schönkirchen ; P. 240
- ↑ Prien, Brigitte et al .: Chronicle 700 years Schönkirchen , p. 241
- ↑ Helmer, Georg: Geschichte der Feuerversicherung , Vol. 2, p. 252
- ↑ Prien, Brigitte et al .: Chronicle 700 years Schönkirchen , p. 241 ff.
- ↑ Helmer, Georg: History of fire insurance , Vol. 2, p. 359
- ↑ Prien, Brigitte et al .: Chronicle 700 years Schönkirchen , p. 245 ff.
- ^ Prien, Brigitte et al .: Chronicle 700 years Schönkirchen p. 247
- ↑ Prien, Brigitte et al .: Chronicle 700 years Schönkirchen , p. 248.
- ^ Prien, Brigitte et al .: Chronicle 700 years of Schönkirchen
- ↑ Prien, Brigitte et al .: Chronicle 700 years Schönkirchen , p. 248 ff.
Coordinates: 54 ° 19 ′ 59 ″ N , 10 ° 12 ′ 52.8 ″ E