Old Central Station (Heilbronn)
The old main train station was the main train station in Heilbronn built by Conrad Schurr (1827–1875) and Otto Bonhöffer in 1873 and was one of the most representative buildings in Heilbronn before the First World War, along with the old post office , the Hotel Royal , Central-Hotel and the Hotel Vaterland Station forecourt. After the building was destroyed in the air raid on Heilbronn in World War II and the ruins were demolished in 1956, a new main train station designed by Hellmut Kasel was built in its place .
description
The building, built in the neo-renaissance style, was strongly reminiscent of Italian renaissance buildings . The building was divided into two high front buildings with side extensions, a low two-storey building in the middle of the building and two arcades .
Mittelbau
ground floor
The two-storey central building was designed as a risalit that rested on four hump- shaped pillars . These pillars consisted of alternating half-columns and corner pilasters that rested on high pedestals . The protruding and receding humpback blocks were located on the surface of the half-columns and corner pilasters and were made in the manner of a bossing . The embossing of the ashlar layers on the pillar surface was mannerist and specifically followed the model of the Palazzo Pitti in Florence . Between the half-columns and corner pilasters, three round arches lead into the interior. The round arches had coffered reveals and keystones that were shaped like consoles . They carried the coat of arms of Württemberg in the middle arch, a K for King Charles I in the left arch and an O for his wife Olga Nikolajewna Romanowa (ru: Ольга Николаевна) in the right arch. The frieze of the entablature above the central round arch bore the inscription "Bahnhof". The reception and counter hall was on the ground floor of the central building.
First floor
There were coupled arched windows on the facade of the central building . The upper end was a blasted gable , the gap of which was occupied by an inserted round arch that rested on consoles . The station clock was attached to the round arch. Model for the round arch motif was the Syrian pediment of the Temple of Hadrian in Ephesus with one of the beams bent out archivolt under the pediment , the sheet gable also mannerist was. During the air raid on Heilbronn in World War II , the central building burned out, but its surrounding walls were preserved. Only the round arch with a clock in the gable was lost. The central building was the last remnant of the station ruin, which had been preserved and was demolished from September 1956 to January 1957.
Head structures
The two head buildings, high side elevations at the end of the building, had a central bay , flanked by windows with attached segment gables and a hipped roof . The model for the head buildings was the Palazzo Strozzi in Florence , an Italian city palace of the Renaissance.
Western head building
The western head building was adorned with a bust of Friedrich List on the bay window and with the head of Hermes , god of trade and travelers, on the entrance arch. The building housed the salon for noblemen , which extended into the apse-like ending of the annex to the west. The salon was flanked to the south by an anteroom and a ladies' room to the north. During the air raid on Heilbronn in World War II , the western end of the building burned out, but its surrounding walls were preserved. In 1946 it was demolished and a single-storey provisional station building was built in its place in 1950, with the pent roof of the inn having the same incline towards the forecourt as the pent roof of the newly built single-storey hall at the location of the western intermediate wing. In 1953 the economy was renovated. In 1958 these were demolished for the construction of the new main station .
Eastern head building
The eastern head building was adorned with a bust of Karl Etzel on the bay window and with the head of Minerva , goddess of craftsmanship and technology, on the entrance arch . During the air raid on Heilbronn in World War II , the eastern end of the building also burned out, but its surrounding walls were still standing. A toilet building was built there in 1946/1947. In 1950 the ruins were demolished for the first construction phase of the new main station , the administration wing.
Intermediate wing
The intermediate wings, two arcades or porticos connected the two head buildings with the low central building. Model for the arcades and archways was the Ospedale degli Innocenti , the Foundling Hospital of Brunelleschi in Florence, a loggia in the Renaissance style.
Western intermediate wing
The western intermediate wing had a frieze in the entablature above the columns and arched gussets , which were provided with the names of the stations Stuttgart, Esslingen, Reutlingen, Ulm, Augsburg, Muenchen, Carlsruhe. The city coats of arms of these cities were shown as medallions in the spandrels. During the air raid on Heilbronn in World War II and in April 1945, the western intermediate wing with the arcades was destroyed. In 1950 an MTO building , ticket office for US citizens, with a waiting room, exit hall and standing beer hall was built there. The hall was built on pillars that rested on the old pedestals of the arcades and corresponded in height and cubature to the old intermediate wing. They were demolished again when the new central station was built.
Eastern intermediate wing
The eastern intermediate wing also had a frieze in the entablature above the columns and arched gussets with the names of eight stations. From the middle building to the east these were the following names: Hall, Crailsheim, Nuernberg, Wuerzburg, Heidelberg. Each of these cities mentioned was represented again with its city arms as a medallion in the spandrels. During the air raid on Heilbronn in World War II , the eastern intermediate wing also burned out. The enclosing walls were demolished during the construction of the new central station .
Extensions
The two high head buildings were joined by low extensions with very flat gable roofs, which had an attic on the side in the form of a parapet at the top.
Western cultivation
The western extension was followed by another single-axis building, which had an apse-like closure to the side. This housed the prince's pavilion or salon for high rulers . The prince's pavilion had a frieze in the entablature with the name of the city of Heilbronn, with the Heilbronn coat of arms depicted as a medallion in the spandrels.
Web links
literature
- Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures . 3. Edition. Konrad, Weißenhorn 1966 ( publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 14). Picture No. 64, page 50f. [The main train station under construction, 1873]
- Roland Feitenhansl: Heilbronn railway station - its reception building from 1848, 1874 and 1958 . DGEG Medien, Hövelhof 2003, ISBN 3-937189-01-7 (To the old main station, pp. 121-204).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kilian Krauth: The second destruction . In: Heilbronn voice . February 21, 2008 ( from Stimme.de [accessed October 25, 2009]).
- ↑ The description essentially follows Schmolz / Weckbach (1966), No. 64, page 50f. [The main train station under construction, 1873]
- ↑ a b c d e Schmolz / Weckbach (1966), No. 64, page 50f. [The main train station under construction, 1873]
- ↑ Feitenhansl, p. 161f.
- ↑ a b c d Feitenhansl, p. 164
- ↑ Feitenhansl, p. 133
- ↑ Feitenhansl, p. 141
- ↑ a b Feitenhansl, p. 130
- ↑ a b Feitenhansl, p. 166
- ↑ Feitenhansl, p. 147
- ↑ a b c Feitenhansl, p. 128
- ↑ Feitenhansl, p. 165f
- ↑ Note: A station location was not specified in Feitenhansl
- ↑ a b Feitenhansl, p. 136
- ↑ Note: Feitenhansl does not give three names
- ↑ Feitenhansl, p. 139
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 34.1 ″ N , 9 ° 12 ′ 28.6 ″ E