Amborella trichopoda
| Amborella trichopoda | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
.jpg)
Amborella trichopoda |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the order | ||||||||||||
| Amborellales | ||||||||||||
| Melikyan , AVBobrov & Zaytzeva | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Amborellaceae | ||||||||||||
| Pichon nom. cons. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Amborella | ||||||||||||
| Baill. | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Amborella trichopoda | ||||||||||||
| Baill. |
Amborella trichopoda is the only species of the monotypic genus Amborella and the monogenic plant family Amborellaceae . It is also the only species in the order of the Amborellales that represents a basal order of the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida).
description
-2.jpg)
_fragment.jpg)
Vegetative characteristics
Amborella trichopoda is a small, evergreen shrub or tree-like woody plant. As a special feature within the flowering plants, it has no tracheas . Oil cells are also missing.
The leaves on the branches are arranged alternately and spirally to two lines. The simple leaves have smooth, lobed or serrated edges. Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
Amborella trichopoda is dioeciously segregated ( diocesan ). Some flowers are grouped together in zymous inflorescences .
In the small (smaller than 5 mm), acyclic (i.e. not divided into petal circles) flowers , the perianth is undifferentiated. Each flower contains five to eight for females and eleven for males, spirally arranged bracts ( tepals ). The male flowers contain 10 to 14 fertile stamens that look like leaf. The pollen grains are ulcerated. One to a few staminodes can be present in the female flowers and there are five to eight free, upper carpels that secrete a sticky liquid. There is a gradual transition from foliage-like bracts to petals, stamens and carpels in every flower.
There are multiple fruits formed from red becoming at maturity seeded stone fruits are put together.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 26.
Occurrence
Amborella trichopoda is only found in New Caledonia . It only thrives in the undergrowth of moist, shady mountain forests.
Systematics
The genus Amborella was established in 1869 with the first description of Amborella trichopoda by Henri Ernest Baillon in Histoire des Plantes , 1, page 328. The Amborellaceae family was listed in 1948 by Marcel Pichon in Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , Série 2, 20, page 384. A synonym for Amborellaceae Pichon nom. cons. is Amborellineae Shipunov . The order Amborellales was published in 1999 by Aleksander Pavlovich Melikyan , Alexey Vladimir F. Ch. Bobrov and Ekaterina S. Zaytzeva in H. Manitz (ed.): Symposium Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology , page 122.
Amborella trichopoda is the only species of the monotypic genus Amborella and the monogeneric family Amborellaceae and also the only species of the order of the Amborellales.
swell
- The order of the Amborellales on the AP website . (Sections Description and Systematics)
- Description of the Amborellaceae family at DELTA . (Sections Description and Systematics)
- www.amborella.org/ (section description and systematics)
- Andreas Bresinsky , Christian Körner , Joachim W. Kadereit , Gunther Neuhaus , Uwe Sonnewald : Strasburger. Textbook of botany. Founded by E. Strasburger. 36th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-1455-7 , p. 847.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. Volume 161, No. 2, 2009, ISSN 0024-4074 , pp. 105-121, doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x .
- ↑ Amborella trichopoda , In: PalDat = Palynological Database , accessed on January 27, 2016
- ^ Peter Sitte , Elmar Weiler , Joachim W. Kadereit , Andreas Bresinsky , Christian Körner : Textbook of botany for universities . Founded by Eduard Strasburger . 35th edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-8274-1010-X , p. 799 .
- ↑ www.amborella.org/ ( Memento from June 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Amborella trichopoda at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Amborella trichopoda at the Tree of Life project .
- ↑ a b c Amborella trichopoda at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed on May 6, 2019.
- ^ The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification of the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. In: Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , Volume 181, 2016, pp. 1-20. doi : 10.1111 / boj.12385
Web links
- Illustration and photos of Amborella trichopoda .
- Tim Stephens: Rare specimens at the Arboretum declared most primitive of living flowering plants. In: University of California, Santa Cruz. Currents , August 30, 1999 (article with photos).
- Amborella trichopoda ( Memento from May 17, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) (Short article, English).