Ambrosius Moibanus

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Ambrosius Moibanus , also Moyben, Moiban, Moybin, Moywen, Mecodiphrus, (born April 4, 1494 in Breslau , † January 16, 1554 ibid) was a German humanist, Protestant theologian and reformer .

Life

The son of the shoemaker Georg Moiban and his wife Magarethe came from a middle-class background. He attended the parish school St. Maria Magdalena in his hometown, where he drew attention to his talent and was sent to the Jakobi parish school in Neisse , the seat of the episcopal principality of Neisse , at about the age of ten . After completing his training, Moibanus returned to Breslau, where he became a teacher at the School of the Holy Corpse.

In 1510 he moved to the prestigious University of Krakow , from which numerous humanists, poets, mathematicians and astronomers emerged. Traditionally, Moibanus completed his studies in the Seven Liberal Arts , which he completed at Pentecost in 1514 with the academic degree of Baccalaureus der Artes Liberales. In the winter semester of 1515 he can be found at the University of Vienna , where he continued his philosophical studies under Ambrosius Salzer (1476–1568) and in 1517 obtained his master's degree in philosophical sciences.

There he published three heroic hymns by the Italian mystic Pico de Mirandola under the humanistic name Ambrosius Mecodiphrus in 1517 , a poem on the origin of the various religions and a hymn on the mystery of the Holy Trinity with imprints, accompanied by a recommending accompanying poem by the Graecist Jacobus Bedrotus Pludentine († 1541). After a scholarly trip through southern Germany, where he met Johannes Reuchlin , among others , the council in Breslau appointed him in 1520 to lead the parish school near St. Maria Magdalena. For his students he published a collection of shorter letters from Erasmus of Rotterdam in 1520 and in 1521 his own Latin grammar "Paedia artis Grammaticae" with "Erasmus' Libellus de constructione octo partium orationis" added as syntax.

After the bishop's death, he resigned from the management of the cathedral school and instead took over the school at the Magdalenenkirche (from 1643 Maria-Magdalenen-Gymnasium ). In Leipzig he had a Latin grammar and other textbooks published in 1522 and tried to raise the level of education. Since his efforts were unsuccessful, he gave up the education office and devoted himself exclusively to theology in Wittenberg from 1523.

As a friend of the Reformation, Moiban temporarily went to Philipp Melanchthon at the University of Wittenberg at the beginning of 1520 in order to be instructed by him on pedagogical questions in relation to particular schools. At the end of 1521 he went back to Wittenberg, where he saw the beginnings of the Wittenberg movement . Since his father died in 1522, he moved back to Breslau for a short time, from where he returned to Wittenberg in 1522. On April 16, 1523 he enrolled again in Wittenberg to study theology. His teachers at that time were of course Martin Luther , Caspar Cruciger , Johannes Bugenhagen and Justus Jonas the Elder . To Joachim Camerarius , Paul Eber and Veit Dietrich , he built up a friendly relationship and changed from a humanist to the Protestant theologians. In Wittenberg he gave philosophical lectures, composed the chorale "Eyn Lobgesang vom Vater uneser", which found its way into the Zwickau hymnbook in 1525 and in the Breslau hymnbook in 1618 .

When the Reformation prevailed in Breslau in 1524, Moibanus was elected pastor at the Elisabethkirche by the council at the suggestion of his friend Johann Hess . On May 16, 1525 he was appointed and the financial means were made available so that, after he had become a licentiate, he could do his doctorate in theology on June 26, 1525 in Wittenberg. After Jakob von Salza had given him the investiture as bishop on August 3, 1525, he initially began to act cautiously in Breslau.

The implementation of the Reformation order was hesitant. Even Johann Hess was cautious. The Lord's Supper in both forms was only secretly given to those who desired it. The Roman mass sacrifice was still celebrated. Both preachers now agreed to proceed more consistently and to set up a new order of worship.

Everything that was not offensive to the evangelical conscience was retained. The sacrifice had to disappear. The council informed the bishop of all innovations. Services centered on the sermon were held on all feast days and days of the week. A special canon was drawn up for the sacrament service. This order was indirectly confirmed by the authorities. Moibanus, who was considered the most energetic reformer alongside Hess, was a thorn in the side of the opponents. They sprinkled powder in his sermon chair , where he used to toss the wick of light at the early sermon.

He must have had greater gifts as a pastor than as a preacher. He was also gifted catechists. His catechism of 1533 was reprinted several times in Latin. The preface to the German edition comes from Caspar Cruciger , that of the Latin edition from Melanchthon. The presentation in conversation form inspired his pupil Zacharias Ursinus later to form the Heidelberg Catechism . He also processed biblical texts literarily. He took a position on current ecclesiastical questions: Communion for children, ceremonial being, prince duties and the position in Turkish needs .

Together with the bishop he tried to find a friendly solution to the problems of the Reformation. At the end of 1539 and until the 1540s he addressed the new bishop with a congratulatory pistle. But the opponents, especially Johannes Cochlaeus , did not rest, so that he soon gave up hope of winning the bishop.

He also had internal struggles in the Breslau church, especially with the supporters of Kaspar Schwenckfeld and Valentin Krautwald . These disputes, which were carried out by letter, went all over Silesia . Melanchthon supported him from Wittenberg. In 1537 he wrote his main work against the spiritualists "The glorious mandate of Jesus Christ our Lord and Savior Marci 16. Those who acted for instruction who want to regard the preaching office and the Sacrament of Christ as unnecessary for the salvation of souls!"

The work appeared with a preface by Luther. Through this dispute he gained contact with Duke Friedrich II of Liegnitz and Duke Albrecht I of Brandenburg-Ansbach . He showed himself to be a pupil of Melanchthon through his care for the school and the studies and ensured the dissemination of Melanchthon's writings in Silesia. He was also in contact with Johannes Calvin and Lelio Sozzini was his guest. He was above dogmatic disputes.

family

Moibanus married on April 30, 1526 with Anna Broncke († April 6, 1569) the daughter of a citizen in Schweinitz. The marriage resulted in 12 children. Nine children survived their father. Of the children are known:

  1. Johannes (1527–1562) had attended the Elisabeth School in Breslau, studied in Wittenberg, was a private tutor in Nuremberg and went to Italy to study. There he received his doctorate in medicine on October 11, 1554, had translated various works by Greek doctors and also excelled as a painter.
  2. Zacharias was first rector in Schweinitz and later councilor there
  3. Gemaliel became a teacher of noble students in Italy and returned to Breslau in 1561
  4. Lazarus (* around 1540-1572) was a notary in Speyer
  5. Ambrosius (1546–1598) was a deacon at St. Elisabeth's Church
  6. Elisabeth married Salomo Frenzel (Deacon Elisabethkirche and then pastor in Brieg and Friedenthal)

Works

  • So-called mass canon from the Gospels and the Apostles Paul, Isaiah and Daniel, the prophets, for the Christian brother.
  • from Turcken
  • de consecratione Palmarum et aliis caeremoniis ecclesiasticis. Wroclaw 1541
  • Catechism Auff ten articles Divine writings on how to live a christch frumes for God and man for sol. 1535, 1537, 1544, 1546
  • Pleading with the Silesians to Bishop Balthasar.
  • The glorious mandate of Jesus Christ our Lord and Savior. 1537

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ born That one was the daughter of a shoemaker
  2. ↑ Gottfried Suevo: Academieae Wittebergensis from anno fundationes 1502… . Usque ad annum 1655. Wittenberg 1655
personal data
SURNAME Moibanus, Ambrosius
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ambrosius Moyben
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Protestant theologian and reformer
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1494
PLACE OF BIRTH Wroclaw
DATE OF DEATH January 16, 1554
Place of death Wroclaw