Amir Drori

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Amir Drori ( Hebrew אמיר דרורי; born on August 5, 1937 in Tel Aviv ; died on 12. March 2005 in the Negev - desert ) was an Israeli major general of the Israel Defense Forces , among other things 1985 to 1986 commander of the army was and 1986-1987 deputy chief of the General Staff. After retiring from military service, he was from 1988 to 2000 Director of Antiquities ( Israel Antiquities Authority ) .

Life

Military career and promotion to major general

Amir Drori (right) with Jigael Jadin during the excavations of the Masada Fortress (1963)

Drori joined the Defense Forces in 1955 after attending the Junior Command Preparatory School in Haifa and was transferred as an officer to the Golani Brigade . During the Suez Crisis , he was the leader of a task force and took part in operations in Rafah and the Sinai Peninsula . For his participation in the attack on the Syrian village of Tawafiq in 1960 he was awarded the Medal of Bravery (Itur HaOz) . between 1961 and 1964 he studied archeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and during this time took part in the excavations of the Masada fortress under the direction of the former chief of staff Jigael Jadin . During the Six Day War from June 5 to 10, 1967 he was deputy commander of the Golani Brigade's 51st Mechanized Infantry Battalion ("Ha'bakim Ha'rishanim") and took part in the battles in the Golan Heights . In the subsequent war of attrition against Egypt , he was the commander of the 13th Mechanized Infantry Battalion ("Gideon"), which was also part of the Golani Brigade, between 1968 and 1970 and took part in combat missions in the Golan Heights, in the Bet-She'an Valley , in the Jordan Trench and along of the Suez Canal .

Subsequently, Drori was Chief Operations Officer of the Southern Command (Pikud Darom) between 1970 and 1972 , whose commander at the time was Major General Ariel Sharon . He then took over as Colonel (Aluf Mishne) in 1972 from Colonel Yehuda Golan as commander of the Golani Brigade and held this position until he was replaced by Colonel Uri Simhoni in May 1974. During the Yom Kippur War from 6 to 25 May 1974 October 1973, which was led by Egypt, Syria and other Arab states against Israel, the brigade took part in combat missions in the Golan Heights, the Hermon mountain range and in the Israeli advance into Syria. During the third battle of Mount Hermon on October 21 and 22, 1973, he was wounded while retaking Israeli command posts from Syria. After further assignments he succeeded Brigadier General Avigdor Ben-Gal as commander of the 36th Armored Division (Ga'ash) as Brigadier General (Tat-Aluf) in 1976 and remained in this position until he was replaced by Brigadier General Ori Orr . He himself was then promoted to Major General (Aluf) in 1977 and Director of the Operations Department in the Operations Directorate and then in 1979 Director of the Department of Training in the General Staff.

In September 1981 Drori again succeeded Major General Avigdor Ben-Gal, this time as commander of the Northern Command (Pikud Tzafon) , which includes the 36th Panzer Division (Ga'ash) and the 91st Division (Utzbat HaGalil) . He held this position until his replacement by Major General Ori Orr in December 1983 and during this time he played a prominent role during the 1982 Lebanon War , when the troops under his command fought against both the Syrian Army and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) near Beirut . This led to the Sabra and Shatila massacres between September 16 and 18, 1982 , which the Kahan Commission investigated. In the end, however, no incriminating allegations were made against him.

After studying in the USA in 1985, he succeeded Major General Dan Schomron as Commander of the Army (Mifkedet Zro'a HaYabasha) . As such, he was replaced in 1986 by Major General Uri Sagi . On October 1, 1986, he replaced Major General Dan Shomron again, now as Deputy Chief of the General Staff and Chief of the Operations Directorate of the Defense Forces. After not he but Major General Dan Shomron was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Defense Forces as the successor to Lieutenant General Moshe Levi , he resigned on April 6, 1987 and retired from active military service in 1988. Previously, on May 6, 1987, Major General Ehud Barak had already taken over the post of Deputy Chief of the General Staff and Chief of the Operations Directorate of the Defense Forces.

Director of Antiquities Administration from 1988 to 2000

After retiring from active military service, Drori succeeded Avraham Eitan as director of the antiquities department of the Ministry of Education in 1988 . This department was subsequently expanded and restructured, so that in 1990 he became the first general director of the newly created antiquities authority ( Israel Antiquities Authority ) and held this post until his replacement by Shuka Dorfmann in 2000. In 1994 the so-called " Qumran Crisis " over the Dead Sea Scrolls ended . In particular, Hershel Shanks, editor of the high-circulation US American journal Biblical Archeology Review, has been pushing for the unpublished Qumran texts to be published quickly since 1988, regardless of the editorial team of the Discoveries series. This led to a number of unscientific editions, which were often based on randomly and incompletely assembled photocopies of still unedited originals. During his tenure, there were repeated controversies with ultra-orthodox Judaism (jahadut charedit) , who viewed archaeological excavations in possible burial sites as an affront to Judaism . The parties representing ultra-Orthodox Judaism demanded his resignation and threatened to leave the government coalition until control of the grave excavations was handed over to the representatives of the Haredi. In this context there was also the Pulsa diNura , a magical ritual of Jewish radicalists in which God is asked to curse an alleged sinner. In 1996 he called the construction of the Marwani Mosque on the Temple Mount by the Jerusalem Waqf Authority an “archaeological crime”.

Drori died as a result of a myocardial infarction , which he on a hike in the Negev - desert had suffered. In his honor, the Antiquities Administration named the excavations of the ancient Roman theater in Tiberias after him.

publication

  • Ancient Glass from the Holy Land , 1998

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Se'ew Schiff , Ehud Ya'ari: Israel's Lebanon War , p. 45 u. a., Simon and Schuster, 1985, ISBN 0-6716-0216-0
  2. ↑ Kenneth M. Pollack: Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991 , p. 543, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8032-8783-6
  3. ↑ ISRAELI GENERAL IN BEIRUT SAYS HE DID NOT KNOW OF KILLINGS . In: The New York Times, September 27, 1982
  4. ^ John Norton Moore (editor): The Arab-Israeli Conflict, Volume IV, Part II: The Difficult Search for Peace (1975-1988) , p. 1218 and a., Princeton University Press, 2014, ISBN 1-4008-6296-5
  5. ↑ Abraham Weizfeld: Sabra and Shatila , p. 13 u. a., Author House, 2009, ISBN 1-4918-4518-X
  6. ↑ Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh: Dead Sea Scrolls Deception , p. 78 u. a., Simon and Schuster, 1993, ISBN 0-6717-9797-2
  7. ^ Catherine M. Murphy, Wealth in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in the Qumran Community , p. 294, Volume 40, BRILL, 2002, ISBN 9-0041-1934-5
  8. ↑ Nadia Abu El-Haj: Facts on the Ground: Archaeological Practice and Territorial Self-Fashioning in Israeli Society , p. 245 u. a., University of Chicago Press, 2008, ISBN 0-2260-0215-2
  9. ↑ Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh: classified Jesus: The truth about early Christianity , p. 120 u. a., BASTEI LÜBBE, 2006, ISBN 3-4047-7098-6
  10. ↑ Johannes Gerloff : The Palestinians: People in the focus of history , SCM Hänssler in SCM-Verlag, 2012, ISBN 3-7751-7092-8
personal data
SURNAME Drori, Amir
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Israeli major general and archaeologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 5, 1937
PLACE OF BIRTH Tel Aviv
DATE OF DEATH March 12, 2005
Place of death Negev - desert