Amomum calcicolum
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| Amomum calcicolum | ||||||||||||
| Lamxay & MF Newman |
Amomum calcicolum is a species of the genus Amomum withinthe ginger family (Zingiberaceae). This endemic occurs only in central and southern Laos .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Amomum calcicola grows as a perennial , herbaceous plant that can reach heights of about 1.2 meters. The reddish brown rhizomes are about 0.5 to 1.2 centimeters thick, colored white on the inside and covered with scales on the outside. The leathery, furrowed reddish to dark brown scales with rough tomentose hair on the outside are egg-shaped with a length of 0.5 to 2 centimeters with a pointed upper end and ciliate edges. The rhizome is about 5 centimeters long between the individual “pseudostems”. From each rhizome three to five clump-forming shoot axes or "pseudostems" emerge . On the slightly swollen base with a diameter of 1 to 1.5 centimeters, the stems have red to green, hairless on the outside as well as furrowed and rough leaf sheaths . The light to dark green, leathery and egg-shaped ligules are hairless and 0.3 to 0.5 centimeters long; its upper end is trimmed.
Each stem has about twelve leaves . These are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The green runny and furrowed petiole is bare and 2 to 4 inches long. The simple and somewhat folded leaf blade is elongated with a length of 37 to 50 centimeters and a width of 5 to 6 centimeters with a pointed leaf base and a long tailed upper end. The dark green top of the leaf is hairless while the underside of the leaf is shaggy with shiny white hairs. The leaf blades show a conspicuous leaf veins on the underside. The leaf margins are entire.
Generative characteristics
Directly at the stem base from the rhizome develops on a 2 to 5 centimeter long and 0.5 to 0.6 centimeter thick, whitish-brown, furrowed and bare inflorescence shaft with a length of about 3 centimeters and a diameter of about 4 centimeters wide egg-shaped to spherical inflorescence in which the few flowers are close together. About two inflorescences are formed per stem. The inflorescence shaft is covered with red to dark reddish green, hard and thick-leather, furrowed and hairless scales with ciliate edges which are ovoid with a length of 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters and a width of 1.5 to 2.2 centimeters are. The light brown, hairless, furrowed and very thin, paper-like bracts are boat-shaped to lanceolate with a tail to pointed upper end with a length of 2.5 to 3 centimeters and a width of 0.3 to 0.5 centimeters. Each of the bracts has a single flower and they wither after a short time. The light brown, membrane-like but very thin 1 to 1.2 centimeters long and about 0.3 centimeters wide bracts are fused at their base to form a 0.5 to 0.6 centimeter long, coarse hairy tube on the outside, which is simply toothed .
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and threefold with double, white perianth . The three pink-red to light brown and membrane-like, but very thin sepals are fused together in a tubular shape over a length of 1.2 to 1.4 centimeters and are 1.8 to 2.2 centimeters in length and about 0.3 in width Centimeters shorter to about the same length as the corolla tube. They are triple-toothed, the calyx teeth are 0.4 to 0.7 inches long and have a rough hairy outside. The three white and 4 to 4.6 centimeters long, leathery and bare petals are fused to form a 2 to 2.3 centimeters long corolla tube with fluffy hair on the inner upper side. There are three also white and hairless, membrane-like corolla lobes. The middle corolla lobe is 2 to 2.3 centimeters long and 1 to 1.2 centimeters wide with a cap-shaped top end provided with a thick pink spur . The two lateral corolla lobes are slightly narrower with a length of 2 to 2.3 centimeters and a width of 0.7 to 0.8 centimeters and also have a cap-shaped upper end and ciliate edges. Only the middle of the stamens of the inner circle is fertile . The fertile stamen has a flattened, about 0.4 centimeter long, bare, white stamen . The two white halves of the hairless anthers are oblong with a length of about 0.8 centimeters and a width of about 0.4 centimeters. The staminodes of the inner circle have grown together to form a labellum . The 2 to 2.3 centimeters long and 2.2 to 2.5 centimeters wide labellum is white with a yellow center and small red dots at the base; it is tomentose at the base and in the middle and has a membrane-like edge and a rounded tip. The lateral, white staminodes with red dots at the base are triangular in shape with a length of about 0.2 centimeters. Three carpels are a dreikammerigen, hairy spherical with a diameter of 0.35 to 0.5 centimeter and weak nine- to eleven-fold grooved ovary grown. Each ovary chamber contains about five to ten ovules . The stylus is hairless and ends in a rounded scar with ciliated tip.
The shaft of the infructescence is brown, hairless, 3 to 5 inches long and 0.3 to 0.5 inches thick. In a 5 centimeter long and 4 to 5 centimeter thick fruit stand there are about 15 to 20 capsule fruits . The capsule fruits, which are spherical with a diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 centimeters, have nine to eleven wings, with the wings about 0.2 to 0.3 centimeters wide, and are initially green in color. The hairy surface of the fruit is blistered and furrowed. Each of the three fruit compartments contains around five to ten seeds. The bare seeds are spherical with a diameter of about 3 millimeters.
Occurrence
The natural range of Amomum calcicola is in central and southern Laos . It includes three populations , which occur in the provinces of Champasak and Khammuan . It thrives there at altitudes of 285 to 1307 meters in shady locations in the lowlands and in evergreen mountain forests over limestone .
Taxonomy
It was first described as Amomum calcicola in 2012 by Vichith Lamxay and Mark Fleming Newman in the Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 69, Number 1, Page 113.
Hazard and protection
Amomum calcicola is in the red list of the IUCN out "low risk" since 2011 as well. The existence of one of the three known populations of the species is considered to be declining as it grows near a tourist attraction and the plants are crushed by tourists as they walk by.
swell
- Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
Web links
- Amomum calcicolum in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2017. Posted by: V. Lamxay, J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman & S. Bouamanivong, 2011. Accessed April 23, 2018th
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Vichith Lamxay, MF Newman: A revision of Amomum (Zingiberaceae) in Camboida, Laos and Vietnam . In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany . tape 69 , no. 1 . Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 2012, p. 99-206 , doi : 10.1017 / S0960428611000436 .
- ↑ a b Amomum calcicolum in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2017. Posted by: V. Lamxay, J. Leong-Skornickova, HD Tran, M. Newman, S. Bouamanivong, 2011. Accessed April 23, 2018th