Antoine Barthélémy Clot
Antoine Barthélémy Clot (born November 5, 1793 in Grenoble , † August 20, 1868 in Marseille ) was a French doctor. He is also known by his Arabic nickname Clot- Bey .
Life
Childhood and studies
Antoine Clot spent his childhood in Grenoble, his birthplace. His father served as Sergent major du génie in Napoleon Bonaparte's Italian campaign , but retired from military service for health reasons. The family settled in Brignoles in the Var department in 1808 . From 1808 Antoine Clot worked for a barber in Brignoles. In 1813 he went to Marseille and took up a job with a barber and surgeon. On January 30, 1816 he was accepted as an external student at the Hôtel-Dieu de Marseille and was appointed Officier de santé on September 30, 1817 . This rank was created in France in 1803 to allow people without a medical degree to practice medical care. As a prerequisite for admission to medical studies, he passed his Baccalauréat in Aix-en-Provence in 1819 . On July 24, 1820, he completed his medical studies in Montpellier , and on January 18, 1823, he received his doctorate in surgery.
As a surgeon, he assisted the surgeon there at the Hôtel-Dieu in Marseille. When he retired, the administration decided to advertise the position again. Clot felt left out and filed his resignation on December 22, 1822. Due to his argumentative personality, he then lost his jobs with the Demoiselles de la Providence , as head of the anatomical institute of the hospital and the Medical Academic Society. He opened his own medical practice with great success.
Doctor in Egypt
The Khedive of Egypt, Muhammad Ali Pascha , sought to recruit instructors and doctors in France to support the modernization of the country. On January 21, 1825, Clot also set out for Egypt. Although his contract was originally limited to five years, he was to remain there until 1849. After healing Muhammad Ali from gastroenteritis, Ali made him his personal physician and friend. In order to get to know the conditions of the hygienically and medically underdeveloped country, he traveled to the Viceroyalty in the company of the interpreter Father Arsène Cardahi. Antoine Clot first founded a health council and a military health service and decided to build a large hospital in Abouzabel, 22 km north of Cairo. There was also a medical school with European teachers and interpreters. He had the pharmacy school in Cairo relocated to Abouzabel. With the support of the Grand Imam (Shai al-Azhar) of al-Azhar University , Hasan al-Attar , he carried out the first anatomical teaching sections in Egypt. He introduced variolation in Egypt and in 1831 looked after patients in Cairo during a devastating cholera epidemic. His work earned him the honorary title of Bey .
In 1832 he founded a midwifery school. He was sent to France with some of his most gifted students to perfect their education. King Louis-Philippe I commissioned him with an official embassy to Syria. After a plague epidemic, he asked for a vacation in his home country in 1835. In 1840 he married Charlotte Gavoty, a wealthy merchant's daughter, in Marseille. At this time his book Aperçu général sur l'Égypte was published . In the same year he returned to Cairo, where he continued to work in public health. In 1848, Muhammad Ali's grandson Abbas Hilmi I came to power, who was averse to reforms and did not support the institutions founded by his grandfather. Disgraced, Clot Bey left Egypt in April 1849 for Marseille. From 1854 to 1858, at the invitation of Muhammad Said, he worked again as General Inspector of Health in Egypt, before finally returning to Marseille.
Clot-Bey died on August 20, 1868 in Marseille and was buried on the Cimetière Saint-Pierre. His family had a funerary chapel built there in an orientalist style. Its motto is the Latin inscription: Inter infideles fidelis - believer among unbelievers.
Scientific activity
_-_Turdidae_-_bird_skin_specimen.jpeg)
Clot wrote several papers on diseases endemic to Egypt such as cholera (1832), the plague (1840) and various eye diseases (1860). He described the epidemiological hygiene measures he initiated (1851, 1864).
He had sold his collection of Egyptian antiquities while he was still alive: in 1853 the Louvre acquired a total of 2,687 pieces from Clot-Bey's collection; a smaller part is in the Musée d'Archéologie Méditerranéenne in Marseille.
His collection of prepared songbirds from Egypt is now in the Naturalis Natural History Museum in Leiden. In 1850 Charles-Lucien Bonaparte named the crackler lark after him as Ramphocoris clotbey . In 1840 he published a two-volume “General Description of Egypt” based on the Description de l'Égypte .
honors and awards
On 25 June 1834 he was awarded the academic nickname Oribasius V. a member (Matriculation no. 1386) to the scholarly Academy Leopoldina selected. On September 3, 1851, Clot was appointed Commander of the Legion of Honor . In the same year Pope Pius IX drew him . with the Order of Pius . He was the holder of the Spanish Order of Isabelle , Grand Officer of the Tunisian Order of Nischan el Iftikhar , the Polish Order of Saint Stanislaus and Knight of the Italian Order of St. Mauritius and Lazarus . On June 7, 1860 he was accepted into the Académie de Marseille. He was a member or a corresponding member of numerous other European scientific societies.
A street in Marseille bears his name.
Selection of works
- Relation des épidémies de choléra qui ont régné à l'Hesiaz, à Suez, et en Égypte . Feissat & Demonchy, Marseille 1832, OCLC 24438493 .
- De la peste observée en Egypt, recherches and considérations sur cette maladie . Fortin Masson, Paris 1840, OCLC 2082002 .
- Aperçu Général sur l'Egypte: ouvrage orné d'un portrait et de plusieurs cartes et plans coloriés. , 2 volumes, Verlag A. Barthélemy, 1840. Digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library
- Coup d'œil sur la peste et les quarantaines à l'occasion du congrès sanitaire , Paris, Libraire éditeur Masson, 1851.
- De l'ophthalmie: du trychiasis, de l'entropion et de la cataracte observés en Egypt . Imprimerie Vial, Marseille 1864, OCLC 17763470 .
- Introduction de la vaccination en Egypt en 1827. Organization du service médico-hygiénique des provinces en 1840: instructions et règlements relatifs à ces deux services . Victor Masson & Fils, Paris 1860, OCLC 17780732 .
- Réorganization du service médical civil et militaire d'Égypte en 1856 sous le gouvernement de SA Saïd Pacha . Thunot, Paris 1862, OCLC 38386556 .
literature
- Rémy Kertenian: L'œuvre de Clot-Bey médecin marseillais . In: Pascal Coste (ed.): Toutes les Egyptes . Éditions parenthèses, bibliothèque municipale de Marseille, 1998, ISBN 2-86364-092-5 , p. 235-244 .
- Académie de Marseille, Dictionnaire des marseillais , Marseille, Edisud, 2001, p. 100, ISBN 2-7449-0254-3 .
- Christian Jean Dubois: Clot Bey. Médecin de Marseille (1793-1868) . Jeanne Laffitte, Marseille 2013, ISBN 978-2-86276-505-1 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Antoine Barthélémy Clot in the catalog of the German National Library
- Member entry of Antoine Barthelemy Clot-Bey at the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
- Article “Clot-Bey” by Laure Martin , accessed December 4, 2017
Individual evidence
- ↑ Th. Morel: Missionaires Maronites au Pays des Pharaons . In: Les Missions Catholiques Bulletin Hebdomadaire . Lyon 1914, p. 582-583 .
- ^ Christiane Ziegler : Introduction: Les dernières grandes collections: De Clot Bey à Rousset Bey . In: Guillemette Andreu, Marie-Hélène Rutschowscaya, Christiane Ziegler (eds.): L'Égypte ancienne au Louvre . Hachette Littératures, Paris 1997, ISBN 978-2-01-235156-1 , pp. 20-21 .
- ^ Johann Daniel Ferdinand Neigebaur : History of the Imperial Leopoldino-Carolinian German Academy of Natural Scientists during the second century of its existence. Friedrich Frommann, Jena 1860, p. 263 (archive.org) .
- ↑ Documentation ( Memento of the original from March 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at Base Léonore , accessed December 4, 2017
- ↑ Louis Toussaint Dassy, L'Académie de Marseille , Marseille, Imprimerie Barlatier Feissat, 1877, p 606
- ^ Adrien Blés: Dictionnaire historique des rues de Marseille . Éditions Jeanne Laffitte, Marseille 1989, ISBN 2-86276-195-8 , p. 106 .
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Clot, Antoine Barthélémy |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Clot-Bey; Oribasius V. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French doctor, founder of modern health care in Egypt |
| DATE OF BIRTH | November 5, 1793 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Grenoble |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 20, 1868 |
| Place of death | Marseille |