Arthur Hantzsch

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Hantzsch as a doctoral student at Wislicenus in Würzburg in 1879
Hantzsch held a chair in Leipzig in 1903

Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch (born March 7, 1857 in Dresden ; † March 14, 1935 there ) was a German chemist , professor and Privy Councilor .

Life

Arthur Hantzsch was the son of a businessman and from 1875 studied chemistry with Rudolf Schmitt and his assistant Walther Hempel at the Royal Saxon Polytechnic in Dresden . Since technical universities only received the right to doctorate from 1900, he switched to Johannes Wislicenus at the University of Würzburg for a semester . There he was with his work About Paraoxyphenol and some derivirende of hydroquinone aldehydes and alcohols 1880 doctorate . In the course of 1880 he moved to Berlin to work for AW von Hofmann for a few months , and then in the autumn he accepted his assistantship with Gustav Wiedemann at the Physico-Chemical Institute of the University of Leipzig . There he acquired physicochemical working methods and held his first inaugural lecture in 1882 on the subject of the relationship between physical properties and chemical constitution . Also in 1882 his habilitation thesis on the synthesis of pyridine-like compounds from acetoacetic ether and aldehyde ammonia appeared and he received a position as a private lecturer.

In 1885 he was called by the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich to take over the vacated chair from Victor Meyer as a full professor. In 1893 he followed a call to the University of Würzburg to succeed Emil Fischer . In Würzburg he campaigned for the strengthening of physical chemistry. Due to the death of Johannes Wislicenus and the endorsement of Wilhelm Ostwald , he was able to take over the chair of chemistry at the University of Leipzig in 1903, where he retired in 1927 and continued to manage the official business until 1929.

Hantzsch's first marriage was to Katharina Schilling, who died in 1904, a sister of the Dresden architect Rudolf Schilling . In 1908 Hantzsch limited partner of the of was Schilling & Graebner operated Dresdner of villas Society , which in the Niederlößnitz the villa colony Altfriedstein marketed.

plant

Hantzsch laid important foundations for the synthesis of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds and for the stereochemistry of nitrogen compounds. Further areas of investigation were electrochemistry and the spectroscopy of organic compounds.

The Hantzsch dihydropyridine synthesis that he discovered (from his habilitation in 1882) bears his name. From pyridine he synthesized thiazole and its analogues imidazole , oxazole , selenazole . In 1890 he found the Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis .

Hantzsch is one of the namesake of the Hantzsch-Widman system , a nomenclature used to describe heterocyclic chemical compounds.

With his student Alfred Werner he investigated the isomerism of oximes and diazotates . There was a controversy with Eugen Bamberger . Hantzsch saw this as a form of syn - anti - isomerism .

In the investigation of nitro compounds such as phenylnitromethane he introduced the concept of pseudo acid , among which he meant a weakly acidic or neutral compound from which by molecular conversion is a strong acid (Aci connection). Accordingly, he introduced pseudo-bases and associated base compounds. In the case of phenylnitromethane, in increasingly acidic solution, it slowly changes from the aci form (yellow) to the pseudo acid form (colorless). The aci forms are also called nitric acids . From 1906 he dealt with the relationship between chemical structure and color (also in the UV range) and came close to resonance theory . He also examined the relative strength of acids and found that weaker acids show more basic behavior compared to stronger ones. This was later expanded in the acid-base concept by Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted .

Honors

The Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy at the University of Leipzig awards the Arthur Hantzsch Prize to students for their achievements in the first year of study. One of the facility's lecture halls bears his name, next to the entrance there is a bronze plaque made by Alfred Thiele in 1927 with the portrait of the chemist. He received an honorary doctorate from the Technical University of Dresden in 1926.

In 1887 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . Since 1904 he was a full member of the Saxon Academy of Sciences . In 1926 he was elected a foreign member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

literature

Web links

Commons : Arthur Hantzsch  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Tobias Michael Wolf: The villa colony on Altfriedstein . In: Association for Monument Preservation and New Building Radebeul (ed.): Contributions to the urban culture of the city of Radebeul . Radebeul 2006, p. 12 .
  2. ↑ A. Hantzsch: About paraoxyphenol and some aldehydes and alcohols derived from hydroquinone . In: Journal for practical chemistry . tape 22 , no. 1 , November 9, 1880, p. 460-476 , doi : 10.1002 / prac.18800220139 .
  3. ^ Franz Hein : Obituary for Arthur Hantzsch 1857–1935 . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . tape 74 , no. 6 , July 4, 1941, ISSN  1099-0682 , p. A147-A163 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19410740638 .
  4. ↑ A. Hantzsch: About the action of the commercially available trimethylamine on β-naphtol . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . tape 13 , no. 2 , 1880, ISSN  1099-0682 , p. 1347 ff., and 2053-2056 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.188001302193 .
  5. ↑ Arthur Hantzsch: About the synthesis of pyridine-like compounds from acetoacetic ether and aldehyde ammonia . In: Justus Liebig's Annals of Chemistry . tape 215 , no. 1 , 1882, ISSN  1099-0690 , p. 1-82 , doi : 10.1002 / jlac.18822150102 .
  6. ^ Klaus Koschel and Gerhard Sauer in On the History of the Chemical Institute of the University of Würzburg. Self-published by the university, Würzburg 1968, p. 46 f.
  7. ↑ Burckhardt Helferich:  Hantzsch, Arthur. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 641 f. ( Digitized version ).
  8. ^ Philipp Fresenius, Klaus Görlitzer: Organic-chemical nomenclature. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Stuttgart, 1991, ISBN 3-8047-1167-7 , pp. 86-93.
  9. ^ Friedrich Klages: Introduction to organic chemistry . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / Boston 2019, ISBN 978-3-11-150744-6 , pp. 235 ( books.google.de - excerpt).
  10. ↑ Houben-Weyl Methods of Organic Chemistry . 4th edition. E 14b ,. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-13-220004-2 , p. 887 ( books.google.de - reading sample).
  11. ^ WR Pötsch, A. Fischer, W. Müller, H. Cassebaum: Lexicon of important chemists . 1st edition, VEB Bibliographisches Institut Leipzig, Leipzig 1988, p. 188.
  12. ↑ Honorary doctoral students of the TH / TU Dresden
  13. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Volume 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Series 3, volume 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 103.
personal data
SURNAME Hantzsch, Arthur
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hantzsch, Arthur Rudolf (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH March 7, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH March 14, 1935
Place of death Dresden