Bříství (Křečhoř)
| Bříství | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Kolín | ||||
| Municipality : | Křečhoř | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 2 ' N , 15 ° 7' E | ||||
| Height: | 290 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | |||||
| Postal code : | 280 02 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Plaňany - Křečhoř | ||||
Bříství (German Brzistew ) is a group of the municipality Křečhoř in the Czech Republic. It is located six kilometers west of the city center of Kolín and belongs to the Okres Kolín .
geography
Bříství is located in a depression on the northern drop of the Křečhořer heights in the Středolabské tabule (table land on the middle Elbe ). The state road I / 12 between Kolín and Český Brod runs one kilometer north of the village . In the northeast rises the Bedřichov ( Friedrichsberg , 279 m nm), south of the Křečhoř (333 m nm) and in the southwest of the Přerovský vrch (332 m nm) and the Mukařov (331 m nm).
Neighboring places are Zlaté Slunce and Vítězov in the north, Nová Ves I and Ohrada in the northeast, Kamhajek , Na Krétě and Kutlíře in the east, Křečhoř , Radovesnice I and Zibohlavy in the southeast, Lošany and Polní Voděrady in the south, Libodřice , Kocrychnov in the south Chocenice in the west and Nové Město in the northwest.
history
The first written mention of Bříství took place in 1340 as the seat of the Vladiken von Bříství. At that time the estate was divided into three parts, which belonged to Vilém, Jaroslav and Bohudař von Bříství. In the second half of the 14th century, Oldřich von Bříství - or his son Michal - established the Bříství fortress ; It was first mentioned in writing in 1404. Michal von Bříství was also the owner of the Kly estate . In 1409 Michal's mother Perchta and his widow Dorota inherited the Bříství fortress with the village and the farm. Dorota von Bříství established a monastery in the Křečhoř Church in 1410. Jindřich Břístský von Bříství can also be traced back to 1461 as the owner of a property in Veltruby .
The next owner was the royal captain Jan Břístský von Bříství, who was mentioned for the last time in 1472. At that time there was another estate in Bříství, which had belonged to Zikmund von Hoštice since 1464. A distinction was made between the two estates, on which there were festivals, as the large and the small court. At the end of the 15th century, Aleš von Bříství owned a fortress and a farm; his widow Machna transferred the property to Aleš Vizutek von Studeňany around 1500, who left it in 1505 to Nikolaus Trčka von Lípa . He also acquired the Great Farm and sold the parcels of both farms to residents of Křečhoř. This resulted in several small farms in Bříství. One of the estates still belonged to the Břístský von Bříství family; In 1534 the owner of this estate, Jiřík Břístský von Bříství, bought the Jilem estate . His widow Dorota, née von Dlouhá Ves, sold the farm in Bříství together with the fortress and the Jilem farm to Mikuláš Štítný from Štítné. In 1540 Mikuláš Štítný sold the farm in Bříství to the royal city of Nový Kolín , which in 1543 acquired another farm in Bříství from Mikuláš Dohalský. Because of the city's participation in the uprising against the Habsburgs, King Ferdinand I confiscated their property in 1547 and transferred them to the Bohemian Chamber . This let further parts of Bříství parceled out and the village expanded. In 1614 Jiřík Bříský bought property in Bříství from Kaspar Melchior von Zierotin for 1,500 groschen . This was transferred to Jan Bříský for the same amount in 1620, who undertook to repay the amount in annual installments. The payments were made regularly until 1631, after which an installment was only received in 1639. During this time the Thirty Years War had reached the area; In 1634, Swedish troops moved into the chamber lords of Poděbrady and Kolín for the first time , after the great invasion of Sweden in 1639, Bříství was burned down and destroyed. After the end of the war Bříství lay desolate. The village was not repopulated.
In 1662 Jan Vaněček, with the permission of the captain of the Poděbradý and Kolín chambers, Liborius Lammers, took over the formerly Jan Bříský's desert estate, of which only a few walls and two collapsed cellars remained. The other desert estate was sold to Pavel Plaňanský around the same time. In 1671 the captain Lysander von Ehrenfeld approved the sale of the Vaněček property for 1222 shock groschen to Jan Žert. His son Adam later bought the Plaňanský estate. The Žert family, which is said to have descended from a branch of the family of the Lords of Zerbst auf Hundeluft , which had settled in Eastern Bohemia in the 15th century, owned the entire village and merged both estates. In 1744 Adam Žert was shot by a hussar in the hall of his manor house. During the Seven Years' War on June 18, 1757, on the heights between Plaňany , Chocenice and Křečhoř, the Prussian and Austrian troops met in the Battle of Kolin . Bříství was in the center of the battlefield. King Frederick II commanded the Prussian army on the edge of the battlefield from the Novoveský vrch hill, which was named Bedřichov ( King Frederick Mountain ) after the battle .
In 1843 the one-layer Břistew , also called Břistwy , Břist or Přisud , located in the Kauřim district , consisted of two rustic houses and was conscripted to Křečhoř. The Catholic parish was Neudorf , the official place was Kaisersdorf . Until the middle of the 19th century, Břistew remained subject to the Kolin rule.
After the abolition of patrimonial Bříství formed from 1849 a settlement of the municipality Křečhoř in the judicial district Kolin . From 1868 Bříství belonged to the Kolin District . During the German occupation Karel Žert was in contact with the resistance group Tři králové and prepared the landing of parachutists from England near Bříství. After the February revolution , the Žert family was expropriated in 1949 and the estate was nationalized. Until the Velvet Revolution , the JZD Křečhoř estate served as a workshop. In 1992 the Žert family bought back the Bříství manor. In addition to the usual plant production, the estate specialized in the cultivation of apples, pears, strawberries and wine. In 2000 the Žertův Špejchar gallery was opened.
Local division
Bříství consists only of the Žertův statek with its outbuildings and is part of the Křečhoř cadastral district.
Attractions
- Žert Manor ( Žertův statek ), built in the second half of the 17th century on the ruins of the Bříství fortress. It has been owned by the Žert family since 1671, currently in the eleventh generation in a straight line. A gallery has existed in the warehouse since 2000.
- Bedřichov hill with a stone obelisk commemorating the Battle of Kolin and a lookout tower
- Monument to the Battle of Kolin, east of Bříství
- Slavic fortification Křečhoř: The complex, protected on three sides by a high rampart, lies to the east above the settlement and has an area of 7.5 to 12.5 hectares. The rampart on the western side was broken through when the monument to the Battle of Kolín was built, Remnants of the wall were found and early medieval ceramics were found. A comprehensive archaeological investigation has not yet been carried out.