Bad Boll (Bonndorf in the Black Forest)
Bad Boll is an abandoned hamlet in the Wutach Gorge below the village of Boll and is now part of the town of Bonndorf in the Black Forest . The place is in the valley floor on the right side of the Wutach , where the Boller Dorfbach flows into it. It is named after a sulfur-containing spring mentioned there for the first time in 1467. Bad Boll has nothing to do with Bad Boll in the district of Göppingen and should not be confused with the former spa town of Steinabad (now a guest house) not far from the Steinamühle and Steinasäge , which also belong to the town of Bonndorf.
history
The first documentary mention of today's area around Bad Boll comes from 1467, where a bath house is mentioned as belonging to the nearby Tannegg Castle . Local traditions as well as the piles and patches connected to one another that were found when the spring was rebuilt in 1840 suggest that the spring was at least locally used as a bath. In the area of the source, a farm was also likely to have emerged from this time, from which the nearby Wutachwiesen were cultivated and fishing was carried out. This courtyard was called the Badhof. It was converted into a Saint-Blasian Schupflehen in 1766 . When the monastery of St. Blasien was expropriated in the course of secularization in 1806 , the property fell to the Grand Duchy of Baden . Alleged Roman coin finds in Bad Boll have not been scientifically proven, but are mentioned in local lore.
First swimming
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1818, the former acquired vassal and later tenants Jakob Kromer the Badhof. His son or grandson had the old mineral spring remodeled in 1839 and expanded the previous agricultural property into a restaurant and bathing establishment. For this purpose, he had the spring water subjected to a chemical-physical test by the district pharmacist Bleicher in Bonndorf. According to Bleicher's test result, the spring water deserves “the attention of the medical audience” and can be beneficial where “the sulfur is indicated”. The surrounding population is said to have fetched the Boller water by buckets, as it has proven to be a tried and tested remedy for scabies and other rashes. The noticeably favorable successes of the Boller water prompted Kromer to conduct a further chemical analysis in 1854. According to this, the water is a strong earthy saline water, the main components of which are specified as sulphate of lime, soda, talc and silica, carbon and phosphoric acid, caloric and hydrogen sulphide. Until 1840 the Badhof consisted of a single residential and economic building. In 1840 a bath house was built under Kromer. On January 6th, other sources cite January 26th, 1854 the old residential and economic building burned down completely, after which the settlement was rebuilt from 1855 onwards. In addition to the existing bath house, a spa house, which was previously called “Gasthaus zum Storch”, was built, an economic building, an outbuilding with a dance hall and a wash house with cattle trough. The doctors Joseph Wiel and Conrad Meyer-Ahrens recommended the place in their travel guide in 1873 for the climatic therapy they developed . In 1877 the property was taken over by the grand ducal forest administration after the operator at the time wanted to give it up.
Heyday
When in 1887 the Grand Duchy of Baden gave the spa town of Bad Boll to Carl Schuster , who was then Lord Mayor of Freiburg i. Br. Was sold, the heyday began for Bad Boll. Schuster had the buildings and facilities modernized and set up a modern spa. The Kurhaus was expanded and an elegant Art Nouveau dining room was set up that offered space for a good 100 spa guests. The source was redrafted in the spring of 1888. A drinking grotto was also set up under the bath chapel built in 1889 on the Burghalde right next to the “mineral and healing spring”. A branch with 21 guest rooms was built next to the bath house and new bathing cabins were set up in the bath house. The electrification of Bad Boll was a novelty. A 48 kW Francis spiral turbine with generator was installed in a turbine house . The turbine was supplied by the Fürstlich Fürstenbergische Maschinenfabrik in Immendingen. It was operated by means of a diversion canal through the Wutach. In addition to supplying the buildings with electric light, the park, which had a fountain with a fountain pond, was set in scene using electric light. Even the Boller waterfall in the Burghalde was illuminated electrically. As early as 1880/81 the Wutach was laid and straightened below Bad Boll and an avenue-like path was laid out to the right of the Wutach to the Tannegger waterfall. Again to the right of this “Engländer-Allee”, which is still visible today, the old river bed, now dry due to the relocation of the Wutach, was converted into two narrow ponds around 200 meters long, on which the spa guests could take gondola rides. As the two ponds lie directly along a shell limestone wall, they were given the name Felsenweiher and are still there today, albeit without water. On February 23, 1891, Carl Schuler died unexpectedly of a stroke. His heirs then sold the Bad Boll area to the Fishing Club Limited from London in 1894.
English era
In the summer of 1896, the Fishing Club laid out a first, still very provisional route through the Wutach Gorge . However, after a year, this path was no longer passable because the first flood had already destroyed the 20 bridges. It was not until 1904 that the Black Forest Association, under the supervision of Karl Rümmele , who was building the railway line from Neustadt to Bonndorf at the same time , created a completely flood-proof path between Bad Boll and the Wutachmühle . During this time, the bathing business came to a complete standstill due to the Fishing Club, which mainly operated fly fishing for brown trout and the salmon and rainbow trout introduced here in 1873 on the entire lower course of the Wutach up to the confluence with Waldshut-Tiengen in the Rhine . There was a fish farm below Bad Boll. The model was the Imperial Fish Breeding Institute in Hüningen , founded by Jean Victor Coste in 1852 . The salmon once migrated over the Rhine up the Wutach during spawning time, two large specimens were caught near Oberlauchringen in 1872 . As early as 1912, the Fishing Club Limited withdrew from Bad Boll and sold the entire area to the previous tenant Paul Bogner.
Spa and convalescent home
In the secluded valley it became more and more difficult to maintain operations, which is why Bad Boll was sold to the AOK Göppingen on July 15, 1918, making it a rest home. The AOK parted ways with their "forest health resort" on May 5, 1925 and sold the property to the German Society for Merchant Recreational Homes, Spa and Convalescent Homes for Trade and Industry eV in Wiesbaden, founded in 1910 . Bad Boll was thus integrated into a network of rest homes. In the turmoil of the Second World War, home operations came to a complete standstill. From 1946 the French occupying power claimed Bad Boll and used it as a holiday home for French soldiers' children. Over the years, the buildings have suffered enormous damage, so that the Society for Merchants' Recreational Homes did not consider a reopening possible.
Private clinic and independent therapy center
In 1960, the Freiburg doctor Werner Schütze bought Bad Boll and initially set up a rest home in the Badhaus or the former branch , but aimed at opening a private clinic. In 1966 Schütze received the license to run a clinic. The clinic was closed in January 1968 after Schütze was arrested in Bad Boll on the night of January 15, 1968. He was accused of commercial abortions and intimate contact with addicts. In November 1972 a free therapy center was set up under the direction of Schütze, in which people from the drug and drug scene were to be treated. Far away from big cities, it was believed that in the so-called “stabilization phase” the talents of former drug users could be exposed again. That is why workshops were set up in the premises in which painting, turning or repairing cars and the buildings of Bad Boll were to be restored. This penultimate Bad Boll project was viewed with great skepticism and suspicion by the population, but also by the authorities. When, for inexplicable reasons, the Kurhaus went up in flames on the night of April 12th, 1975 and Schütze died on November 25th, 1976, the project of the free therapy center had failed. The project ended in spring 1977 and Bad Boll was left to its own devices. It was not until 1981 that the fire ruins of the Kurhaus were removed.
Possible shelter
In October 1977, Bad Boll aroused the interest of the BKA . When Hanns Martin Schleyer was kidnapped by the RAF in early September 1977 and later murdered, the abandoned Bad Boll came under the police's sights as a possible shelter, as Christian Klar , Adelheid Schulz and Knut Folkerts were some of the RAF terrorists from southern Baden and were allowed to have therefore known themselves well in the southern Black Forest. In October 1977 the BKA combed the premises and the area around Bad Boll without success.
New beginning and quick end
On May 1, 1981, the widow Schütze sold the run-down Bad Boll to the brothers Friedemann and Eberhard Burr from Heidenheim. The aim was to set up an accommodation company or a school campus. Bad Boll was to become a destination for nature lovers and hikers again. With the opening of the Waldschenke and a kiosk, life returned to Bad Boll. The state authorities and the nature conservation associations in the Wutach Gorge nature reserve did not consider a business and overnight stay to be justifiable. After a flood in the 1980s destroyed the diversion weir to the power plant canal, the authorities did not allow the weir to be rebuilt . Therefore, the small run-of-river power plant had to be shut down and electricity for the settlement was now generated using a diesel generator. When Burr put Bad Boll up for sale in 1990 and the purchase contract with the Association for Christian and Object-Free Meditation from Würzburg had already been signed, the state took advantage of its right of first refusal , which it had had since the Nature Conservation Ordinance of 1989. In 1992 and 1993 the whole area was demolished except for the bath chapel.
Today only the still bubbling spring as well as the decaying bath chapel and a few, totally overgrown, floor features remind of the former Bad Boll.
Receipt
In 2009 a group of interests and friends was formed, the “Bad Boll Chapel” with the aim of preserving the chapel as a building. The association accepted the renovation costs at around € 100,000. Against this background, the state has agreed to contribute planning services, but financial participation has been ruled out. Estimates by the State Office for Assets and Construction of the State of Baden-Württemberg had determined costs of € 355,000 for the renovation of the chapel in 2013. The city of Bonndorf thereupon resigned its project sponsorship for cost reasons and the Freundeskreis stopped its efforts, as it reached the limits of its possibilities with costs of this magnitude.
Since neither the state nor the church has a need for the chapel and an alternative use concept could not be found, the chapel should be demolished, as road safety is no longer guaranteed in the meantime. A petition from February 15, 2014 to the Petitions Committee of the State of Baden-Württemberg, with the aim of receiving the chapel, was decided that the chapel should not be demolished, but that road safety should be restored and the building should therefore be before decay is preserved. The chapel is not intended to be accessible to the public. Investments of € 150,000 are planned for the maintenance measures. The security and maintenance work has been taking place since spring 2018.
After a landslide that had started on the right flank of the valley, the access road to Bad Boll was partially buried and blocked for safety reasons, which called the measures into question. However, the building material could be brought in from the left side of the Wutach via the Hockenjos footbridge, which was only accessible on foot, and maintenance work could begin from September 2016 until the onset of winter. The walls should be completely renovated by March 2017 [obsolete] .
On the night of March 5th to 6th, 2017, after heavy rainfall, the rupture on the right side of the valley, which had been visible since autumn 2016, just above Bad Boll, loosened, so that around 50,000 m³ of rock and earth slipped down into the valley. The landslide extends from the edge of the valley near Boll to the former bathing meadow in Bad Boll and has made the road and access route to Bad Boll impassable.
literature
- Samuel Pletscher: The spa town of Bad Boll in the upper Wutachtal near Bonndorf and Löffingen in the Black Forest. Binder, Bonndorf 1879, ISBN 978-3-226-01004-6 .
- Kurt Hodapp: Bad Boll in contemporary descriptions from the 19th century , Waldshut 1991
- Matthias Wider: From the “Pearl of the Wuthach Valley” to the modern desert. A brief history of the former Bad Boll. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar. Volume 57 , Donaueschingen 2014, ISSN 0340-4765 , digitized version , pp. 117–140.
- Ulf Wielandt: about the mineral water dispatch and the water analyzes of the sulfur spring in the former Bad Boll in the Wutachtal. In: Writings of the Association for History and Natural History of the Baar. Volume 57 , Donaueschingen 2014, ISSN 0340-4765 , digitized version , pp. 141–144.
- Matthias Wider: Bad Boll - the growth and decline of a settlement. With didactic and methodological notes , 2012
Web links
- Friends of the "Bad Boll Chapel" (club website)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Conrad Meyer-Ahrens, Josef Wiel: Bonndorf & Steinamühle - two climatic cur stations on the Black Forest. JA Binder, Bonndorf 1873.
- ^ Friedbert Zapf: Bonndorf: Extraordinarily much dynamite. suedkurier.de, June 30, 2004, accessed April 4, 2016 .
- ↑ a b Communities: Swabian Schaffer. In: Der Spiegel 32/1982. August 9, 1982, accessed March 22, 2016 .
- ^ Bonndorf: rescue operation stopped. Rehabilitation of the Bad Boll chapel would be too expensive. In: Badische Zeitung . October 12, 2013, accessed August 15, 2017 .
- ↑ State Parliament of Baden-Württemberg Printed matter 15/6025 9. Petition 15/3704 regarding the planned demolition of the Badhof chapel, monument protection
- ↑ Martha Weishaar: Bonndorf: Preservation of the chapel is now assured. Badische Zeitung, September 28, 2016, accessed on February 4, 2017 .
- ↑ Juliane Kühnemund: Bonndorf: Landslide in the Wutach Gorge, near Bad Boll. Badische Zeitung, March 17, 2017, accessed on April 23, 2017 .
Coordinates: 47 ° 50 ′ 23.2 " N , 8 ° 21 ′ 40.4" E