Baden Revolutionary Government (1849)
In the third uprising of the Baden Revolution from May 14, 1849 to June 30, 1849, the Baden Revolutionary Government exercised government power in parts of the state of Baden .
After the mutiny of the Baden troops in Rastatt on May 12, 1849 and in Karlsruhe on May 13, 1849, Grand Duke Leopold and the Hoffmann government fled the country. Power was thus de facto transferred to the state committee of the people's associations on May 14th .
The state government
Executive commission of the state committee from May 15 to June 1, 1849
The state committee of the people's associations had 28 members and appointed an executive commission at its meeting on May 15 in Karlsruhe.
| Office | Surname |
|---|---|
| Chairman | Lorenz Brentano |
| Finances | Amand Goegg |
| Judiciary | Joseph Ignatz Peter |
| war |
Carl Joseph Eichfeld from May 14, 1849 to May 26, 1849 |
|
Franz Sigel from May 26, 1849 to June 13, 1849 |
Provisional government from June 1 to June 13, 1849
Due to the critical military situation, the state committee (28 members) wanted a powerful, smaller body and elected a provisional government on June 1st. Brentano, Goegg, Sigel and Peter kept their ministerial offices.
As a further member of the government, Joseph Fickler was appointed head of the foreign ministry. However, he was captured in Stuttgart on June 3 and brought to Hohenasperg fortress . In Stuttgart, Fickler was supposed to bring about a connection between the Baden Revolutionary Party and the Württemberg people and the military .
Provisional government with dictatorial power from June 13 to the end of June 1849
On June 13, the Baden Constituent Assembly of 1849 decided in its fifth public working session in Karlsruhe :
“1. a provisional government of 3 members with dictatorial power is appointed; "
" 2. the constituent assembly can withdraw the power transferred to these 3 men at any time; "
" 3. After the rest of the violence, the members of the Provisional Government are accountable to the constituent assembly for their actions. "
57 of the 74 elected MPs were represented in the election. Of the 171 votes cast, 55 went to Lorenz Brentano , 47 to Amand Goegg and 34 to Maximilian Werner in a secret ballot . This was the first German government to be elected by an elected parliament.
At its 7th public session on June 15, the Assembly defined the rights of the Provisional Government as follows:
- to enact and suspend provisional laws,
- Appoint ministers. This right was only to be granted to the member of the dictatorship who received the most votes in the election.
- Appoint officials
- to dispose of the state funds,
- To issue pardons;
- she had supreme military authority and
- represented the country externally.
Lorenz Brentano thus became the actual dictator, as he had received the most votes.
| Office | Surname |
|---|---|
| dictators elected by the congregation | |
| Chairman and Justice |
Lorenz Brentano resigned on June 28, 1849; In a secret session on June 28, the assembly elected Christian Friedrich Kiefer as the third dictator , who after a period of reflection rejected the election |
| without department | Amand Goegg |
| war | Maximilian Werner |
| Minister appointed by Brentano | |
| Interior | Florian Mördes |
| Finances | Karl Friedrich Heunisch, the first to be appointed Carl Mez , did not accept his appointment |
| Exterior |
Wilhelm Sachs did not accept his appointment; the position remained vacant |
At the end of June 1849, after the defeat in the battle near Waghäusel on June 21, 1849, before the advance of the Prussian intervention troops, the provisional government had to withdraw from Karlsruhe to Freiburg . The withdrawal was carried out under the military command of General Ludwik Mierosławski . When the constituent assembly in Freiburg decided on June 28th to continue the "war against the enemies of German unity and freedom ... with all available means" , Brentano resigned as head of government and Amand Goegg organized the continuation together with War Minister Maximilian Werner "Provisional government of Baden with dictatorial power" . On July 12, 1849, Goegg crossed the Swiss border near Konstanz and asked for asylum for himself and the troops. Thus Maximilian Werner remained as the last member of the revolutionary government in the country and finally led the remnants of the Baden troops to Switzerland, provided they did not belong to the besieged 6000-man crew of the Rastatt fortress under the command of Gustav Tiedemann . On July 23, 1849, Rastatt had to capitulate to mercy and disgrace to the overwhelming Prussian power.
The revolutionary government on the lower administrative levels
The state committee of the people's associations appointed a senior commissioner for each of the four districts and a civil commissioner for each district. These persons should ensure that the decisions of the people's assembly and the state committee are implemented. In the first step, officials should be sworn in to the new government and officials who refused to take the oath should be removed from their office.
literature
- Eberhard Gönner , Günther Haselier: Baden-Württemberg, history of its countries and territories . Verlag Ploetz, Freiburg 1980, ISBN 3-87640-052-X , p. 144
- Alexander Werner: Maximilian Werner and the Baden Revolution In: Die Ortenau, 73, Offenburg 1993, pp. 354–368 ISSN 0342-1503 . on-line
- Sonja-Maria Bauer: The Constituent Assembly in the Baden Revolution of 1849 , 1991, ISBN 3-7700-5164-5
- Revolutionary government (publisher): Badisches Regierungsblatt , No. 1 from May 16, 1849 to No. 19 from June 23, 1849. Digitized
Web links
References and comments
- ↑ s. Bauer p. 21
- ↑ The chairman of the national committee of the people's associations, Lorenz Brentano, took over the management of the interior and exterior departments.
- ↑ s. Bauer p. 106
- ↑ 57 MPs with 3 votes each
- ↑ Bauer p. 112
- ↑ s. Bauer p. 321
- ↑ a b The fact that Maximilian Werner had been Baden's Minister of War since June 13, 1849 can be seen in the CD-ROM For Freedom and Democracy published by the Karlsruhe City Archives in 1997 . Baden Parliament History 1818-1933 , ISBN 3-9805956-0-9 , and is in contrast to the description in the book Baden-Württemberg, History of its Lands and Territories by Eberhard Gönner and Günther Haselier, where on page 144 Franz Sigel as Minister of War from 14 May 1849 to June 30, 1849 is recorded without Maximilian Werner being named there. Werner's role in the Baden Revolution remained underexposed for a long time until research in the 1990s enabled a more detailed account of his work.
- ↑ s. Bauer p. 28
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