Balkan Romance languages

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Balkan Romance languages

Spoken in

Balkans
Linguistic
classification

Balkan Romansh is a collective term for the Romance languages spoken in the Balkans (in the broader sense) today and in the past . The structure of the Romance languages, especially in the traditional eastern distribution area, remains controversial. Depending on the point of view, the Balkan Romance languages ​​only represent a geographical breakdown or a closer relationship. The Balkan Romance languages ​​belong to the so-called Eastern Romance languages ​​according to various classifications , as a purely geographical grouping, together with Italian south of the La Spezia-Rimini line or as part of a threefolding alongside Western Romania and Italoromania. In the latter case, the position of the Dalmatian languages ​​between Romanian and Italo-Romansh remains ambivalent. With reference to the Romanist Angelo Monteverdi , the Balkan Romance languages ​​can also be called Dako-Illyrian Romania

Affiliation

Balkan Romance languages ​​as defined in a) 1. (Romanian idioms)
Balkan Romance subgroup in the sense of 1.2 .: Dalmatian idioms
Southeast Europe in Roman times
Spatial conditions and presumed ethnic-linguistic conditions in the early Middle Ages.
The Jireček Line

For Balkan Romania include:

  1. in the narrower sense (see classification under Romance languages ) as Eastern Romance languages :
    1. the Romanian languages (whose speakers are also called Wallachians ) with the following languages, which are said to have developed from a common proto- Romanian language :
    2. the Dalmatian languages that died out in the 19th century (Dalmatoromanisch), including their subgroups:
  2. in the broader, purely geographical sense :
    1. all Romance languages spoken in the Balkans since the fall of the Roman Empire , including among others

Not being counted in the Balkans Romania Italian , the language variants of the south La Spezia-Rimini Line nevertheless be counted among the "Eastern Romance languages" and share with the Balkan Romance languages different characteristics. Furthermore, Friulian and the Romance languages ​​of the groups that immigrated to the Balkan countries only in the later modern period, such as e. B. French or Walloon in individual settlements in the Banat , as well as Italians in Romania .

Text example, text comparison

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
Our Father's prayer in Latin , Dalmatian , Dacoromanian , Aromanian and Istrian Romanian
Latin Dalmatian Dacoromanian Aromatic Istror-Romanian
Pater noster, qui es in caelis Tuota nuester, che te sante intel sil, Tatăl nostru care ești în ceruri, Tată a nostru care ești în țeru, Ciace nostru car le ști en cer,
sanctificetur noun tuum; sait santificuot el naun to. sființească-Se numele Tău. s-aisească numa a Ta. neca se sveta nomelu teu.
Adveniat regnum tuum. Vigna el raigno to. Vie Împărăția Ta. S-yină ​​amiraliea a Ta. Neca venire craliestvo to.
Fiat voluntas tua sicut in caelo et in terra Sait fuot la voluntuot toa, coisa in sil, coisa in tiara. Facă-se voia Ta, precum în cer, aşa și pe pământ. S-facă vrearea a Ta, ași cumu în țeru, ași și pisti locu. Neca fie volia ta, cum en cer, așa și pre pemint.
Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie. Duote costa dai el pun nuester cotidiun. Pâinea noastră cea de toate zilele dă-ne-o nouă astăzi. Pânea a noastră ațea di tute dzâlele dă-nă o nau adzâ. Pera nostre saca zi de nam astez.
Et dimitte nobis debita nostra, E remetiaj le nuestre debete, și ne iartă nouă păcatele noastre, și nă li liartă amărtilili noastre Odproste nam dutzan,
sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris. coisa nojiltri remetiaime ai nuestri debetuar. precum și noi iertăm greșiților noștri. ași cumu li liartămu și noi unu a altui. ca și noi odprostim a lu nostri dutznici.
Et ne nos inducas in temptationem; A naun ne menur in tentatiaun, și nu ne duce pe noi în ispită, și nu nă du pri noi la cârtire, Neca nu na tu vezi en napastovanie,
sed libera nos a malo. miu deleberiajne dal mal. ci ne mântuieşte de cel rău. ma nă aveagli di ațelu arău. neca na zbăveşte de zvaca slabe.

Balkan romance in the narrower sense

Balkan language federation

The Balkan Romania includes ostromanische languages that are conservative in many features than other Romance languages (here with the specific exceptions of the Portuguese and Sardinian ). The Balkan Romance belongs to the Balkansprachbund , ie many internal similarities, as well as similarities with surrounding non-Romance languages ​​in sentence structure, idioms, word order and z. Partly also vocabulary, go back to external historical influence. - The main determinants here were:

  • the influence of Slavic as the language of the Slavic, rural population in the Balkans, as well as in the form of Old Church Slavonic , the former applies equally to Romanian and Dalmatian
  • the influence of Greek as a standard theological language and as the language of the Byzantine Empire , this is less true of Dalmatian
  • the influence of Turkish in its older form as the language of the Turks in the Ottoman Empire , this is less true of Dalmatian

Linguistic history

The history of Balkan Romance begins with Latin . From the 2nd century BC onwards, in the course of the Roman expansion in the Balkans, starting from the Adriatic coast, populations from Italy settled here, mainly from southern Italy. In fact, both the Romanian languages ​​and the non-Romanic Albanian in their vocabulary still show closer connections to southern Italian dialects.

Already in Roman times (isolated) words from the autochthonous languages ​​of the pre-Roman population were apparently taken up, for example from Illyrian into later Dalmatian and from Dacian or Thracian into the Romanian languages ​​(cf. Romanians , Dako-Roman continuity theory ). Slavic immigration to the Balkan countries from the 4th to 6th centuries left much more lasting traces in the languages ​​of Balkan Romance. While Dalmatian as the language of the v. a. While the remaining urban Romance population on the Adriatic coast and on the Adriatic islands was under the influence of the preforms of Croatian and Serbo-Croatian , the Romanian languages ​​were influenced by various Slavic idioms in the Balkans. An exception is Aromanian , as there are no Slavic influences here, but there are numerous Greek influences.

See also

literature

  • Filipi Goran: Situazione linguistica istro-quarnerina. In: Ricerche sociali. 1, 1989, ISSN  0353-474X , pp. 73-83.
  • Thede Kahl (Ed.): The Romanian and its neighbors. Contributions of the section “Language Change and Language Contact in Southeast Romania” on XXX. German Romance Day. Frank and Timme, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86596-195-2 ( Forum: Romania 2).
  • Johannes Kramer: Greek Structures in Balkan Romance. In: Balkan Archives. 17/18, 1992/1993, ISSN  0170-8007 , pp. 71-80.
  • Johannes Kramer: La romanità balcanica. In: Actes du XVIIIe Congrès International de Linguistique et de Philologie Romanes. Volume 1: Section 1. Romania submersa. Section 2. Romania nova. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1992, ISBN 3-484-50221-5 , pp. 58-75.
  • Miloš Okuka (Ed.): Lexicon of the Languages ​​of the European East. Wieser Verlag, Klagenfurt et al. 2002, ISBN 3-85129-510-2 ( Wieser Encyclopedia of the East of Europe, Volume 10), online .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Elisabeth Burr : Classification of the Romance Languages. ( uni-leipzig.de ).
  2. ^ Arthur Beyrer , Klaus Bochmann , Siegfried Bronsert : Grammar of the Romanian language of the present. VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie, Leipzig 1987, p. 15.
  3. ^ Outline by Elisabeth Burr: Classification of Romance Languages , ( uni-leipzig.de ). Point 4 with reference to Carlo Tagliavini .
  4. ↑ Daco-Illiro-Romanzo by Elisabeth Burr: classification of the Romance languages. ( uni-leipzig.de ). Point 4.
  5. ^ Arthur Beyrer, Klaus Bochmann, Siegfried Bronsert: Grammar of the Romanian language of the present. VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie, Leipzig 1987, p. 20.