Santa Chiara Basilica (Naples)
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Santa Chiara ( Italian Basilica di Santa Chiara , also Monastero di Santa Chiara ) is a former Poor Clare convent in Naples and includes the church of Santa Chiara, an adjoining monastery and an archaeological museum. The church is the burial place of Neapolitan kings from the two Capetian dynasties House Anjou and House Bourbon-Sicily .
history
The monastery was built between 1310 and 1340 under Robert von Anjou by Gagliardo Primario. The original church, a two-story hall building with a beamed ceiling and numerous side chapels, was built in the Provencal-Gothic style. Also Giotto and his workshop worked in the church some frescoes . The campanile was not completed until 1604 after several collapses. In the 18th century, Domenico Antonio Vaccaro gave the church a thoroughgoing Baroque style through numerous alterations and additions. The basilica was almost completely destroyed during the Allied air raids on Italy in 1943; the subsequent reconstruction was based on the original style, without the baroque changes. Giotto's once famous frescoes have only survived in rudiments.
The basilica after the air raids in 1943
Floor plan of the building complex
Furnishing
The church has neither a transept nor a choir, a wall with windows closes off the room. Four members of the Anjou are buried in tombs on the altar wall. Among them is the originally four-story grave monument of Robert von Anjou , which was created as the largest royal tomb in Naples between 1343 and 1345 by the Florentine sculptor Bertini. Most of the funerary monuments were created by Tino di Camaino.
Cloister
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A special attraction is the cloister ( Chiostro delle Maioliche ), which is considered to be one of the most beautiful in Campania. It was laid out around the middle of the 14th century and rebuilt as an inner courtyard with a central crossroads in 1739–1740. It was equipped with a well house, boundary walls, supports and benches, which are completely covered with ornamental and figurative majolica images. The tiles were created by Donato and Giuseppe Massa, pupils of Francesco del Grue, who was imprisoned as a prisoner of war in Castello Nuovo in 1716.
Corridor of the monastery decorated with frescoes
View of the basilica from the cloister
Central fountain of the cloister
Tiles in the courtyard of the monastery
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organ
The organ was built in 1962 by Mascioni Orgelbau . The instrument is housed on two organ cases to the left and right of the altar. It has 40 registers (2327 pipes ) on three manual movements and a pedal . The actions are electric.
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Burial place
The church gained importance as the burial place of the kings of Naples and Sicily. The three kings buried here were buried under the altar, the rest of the family members in a right side chapel. The following 48 people are buried there:
- Princess Maria Josefa (January 20 to April 12, 1742) (daughter of King Charles IV )
- Princess Maria Isabel (September 6, 1740 to October 31, 1742) (daughter of King Charles IV )
- Princess Maria Isabel (April 30, 1743 to March 17, 1749) (daughter of King Charles IV )
- Princess Maria Teresa (November 29, 1749 to April 29, 1750) (daughter of King Charles IV )
- Princess Maria Anna (July 3, 1754 to May 11, 1755) (daughter of King Charles IV )
- Prince Carlo (January 4, 1775 to December 17, 1778) (son of King Ferdinand I )
- Princess Anna (November 23, 1775 to February 22, 1780) (daughter of King Ferdinand I )
- Prince Giuseppe (June 18, 1781 to February 19, 1783) (son of King Ferdinand I )
- Princess Maria Cristina Amelia (January 17, 1779 to February 26, 1783) (daughter of King Ferdinand I )
- an unnamed princess (July 19, 1783) (daughter of King Ferdinand I )
- Prince Carlo Gennaro (April 12, 1780 to January 2, 1789) (son of King Ferdinand I )
- Prince Carlo (August 26, 1788 to February 1, 1789) (son of King Ferdinand I )
- Princess Clotilda (February 18, 1786 to September 10, 1792) (daughter of King Ferdinand I )
- Princess Enrichetta (July 31, 1787 to September 20, 1792) (daughter of King Ferdinand I )
- Prince Alberto (May 2, 1792 to December 25, 1798) (son of King Ferdinand I )
- Princess Maria Isabella (December 2, 1793 to April 23, 1801) (daughter of King Ferdinand I )
- Prince Ferdinando (August 27, 1800 to July 1, 1801) (son of King Francis I )
- Maria Clementine of Austria (April 24, 1777 to November 15, 1801) (first wife of King Francis I )
- an unnamed princess (August 17, 1819) (daughter of Prince Leopoldo)
- Prince Lodovico (July 19 to August 7, 1824) (son of Prince Leopoldo)
- Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies (January 12, 1751 to January 4, 1825)
- an unnamed princess (December 5, 1829) (daughter of Prince Leopoldo)
- Francis I, King of the Two Sicilies (August 19, 1777 to November 8, 1830)
- Christina of Savoy , Queen of the Two Sicilies (November 14, 1812 to January 31, 1836) (first wife of King Ferdinand II )
- Princess Isabella (March 23-24, 1838) (daughter of Prince Leopoldo, Duke of Syracuse)
- Prince Antonio (September 23, 1816 to January 12, 1843) (son of King Francis I )
- Prince Alberto (September 17, 1839 to July 12, 1844) (son of King Ferdinand II )
- an unnamed prince (1848)
- Princess Germania (1848)
- Maria Isabel of Spain , Queen of the Two Sicilies (6 July 1789 to 13 September 1848) (second wife of King Francis I )
- Prince Emanuele (January 24-26, 1851) (son of Prince Luigi, Count of Aquila)
- Prince Leopoldo, Duke of Salerno (July 2, 1790 to March 10, 1851) (son of King Ferdinand I )
- Prince Giuseppe, Count of Castro-Giovanni (March 4, 1848 to September 28, 1851) (son of King Ferdinand II )
- Prince Vincenzo (April 27, 1851 to October 14, 1854) (son of King Ferdinand II )
- Princess Teresa (7 January 1855 to 1 September 1856) (daughter of Francesco, Count of Trapani)
- Princess Amelia, Infanta of Spain (November 4, 1818 to September 6, 1857) (wife of Infanta Sebastian of Spain)
- Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies (January 12, 1810 to May 22, 1859)
- Princess Leopoline (July 22, 1846 to February 14, 1859) (daughter of Prince Luigi, Count of Aquila)
- Prince Ferdinando (May 25, 1857 to July 22, 1859)
- Anna Maria von Sachsen , Grand Duchess of Tuscany (18361859) (wife of Grand Duke Ferdinand IV. )
- Prince Leopoldo, Duke of Syracuse (May 22, 1813 to December 4, 1860) (son of King Francis I )
- Maria Theresa Isabella of Austria , Queen of the Two Sicilies (July 31, 1816 to August 8, 1867) (second wife of King Ferdinand II )
- Prince Gennaro (February 28, 1857 to August 14, 1867) (son of King Ferdinand II )
- Princess Cristina (December 24, 1869 to March 28, 1870) (daughter of King Francis II )
- Prince Leopoldo (September 24, 1853 to September 4, 1870) (son of Francesco, Count of Trapani)
- Princess Maria of Savoy-Carignan (29 September 1814 to 20 January 1874) (wife of Prince Leopoldo)
- Francis II, King of the Two Sicilies (January 16, 1836 to December 27, 1894)
- Marie in Bavaria , Queen of the Two Sicilies (October 4, 1841 to January 19, 1925) (wife of King Franz II )
See also
literature
- Christoph Höcker : Gulf of Naples and Campania . DuMont-Kunstreisführer, DuMont Buchverlag, Cologne 1999. Extended and updated editions: 2000; 2004; 2006; 2008 (completely revised new edition); 2011.
- Tanja Michalsky : Memoria and Representation. The tombs of the Anjou royal family in Italy (= publications of the Max Planck Institute for History. Vol. 157). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-525-35473-8 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Daniel Krasa : Naples . Publishing group Reise Know-How , Bielefeld 2017, ISBN 978-3-8317-2996-8 . P. 28
- ↑ Information on the organ ( Memento from December 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (Italian).
Web links
- Basilica website (Italian, English)
Coordinates: 40 ° 50 ′ 47.8 " N , 14 ° 15 ′ 10.2" E