Construction process
Under construction schedule (including construction progress ) is understood within the construction industry all project phases of construction in the building process of a construction project , which ultimately leads to its completion and final acceptance lead.
General
Construction is a technical-physical process that is characterized by the interdependencies of individual construction phases. So the shell of a building can only begin with the construction of the basement , without a finished shell, a roof extension is not possible. A construction schedule specifies the beginning and end of each phase - often based on network planning technology - and thus the timing of the various trades , thereby determining the planned construction time of a building project. Individual deadlines contained in a construction schedule are only considered contractual deadlines for a construction contract if this is expressly agreed therein (Section 5 (1) VOB / B ). According to Section 4 (1) VOB / B, the building contractor has a duty of coordination that is intended to ensure the undisturbed and smooth construction process. There are disruptions in the construction process due to unforeseeable events such as subsoil risks , weather influences or technical problems during construction. The "disrupted construction process" is the most difficult area of civil construction law , as a large number of overlapping disruptions often occur, which also often originate from different spheres (client, contractor or third parties) and have the most varied effects in terms of time and economy on the construction process pull yourself. According to REFA , disruptions are “events that occur unexpectedly and result in an interruption or at least a delay in the performance of tasks; they cause a significant deviation between the actual and the target data ”. Disruptions in the construction process must be documented by the construction management in the construction log . The construction log is recognized as evidence in the event of a legal dispute. In addition, deviations between the actual construction process (actual) and the planned construction process (target) are updated in the construction schedule so that the effects on the overall duration of the construction project can be estimated.
Phases (example building construction)
The essential phases of the construction progress on a building site in building construction can partly be taken from § 3 Paragraph 2 No. 2 MaBV :
- Building permit : Before access can not be started building regulations of the construction of the building permit.
- Construction usually begins with the construction site equipment , followed by the excavation of an excavation or the start of essential construction work such as the first groundbreaking . If the requirements and conditions issued for the start of construction in the building permit are met, the building approval certificate must be issued in many federal states ( Section 59 (1) LBO BW ).
- The laying of the foundation stone is not a structurally relevant process, but a ceremony that is intended to inform the public about the start of construction.
- The shell work realizes the planned basic structure of a building and includes the roof structure with the roof truss .
- This phase is usually followed by the topping-out ceremony , which is also not a structurally relevant process.
- The roof surface and gutter complete the outer part of the building.
- Heating , sanitary and electrical systems are part of the interior work .
- The installation of windows completes the external protection of the building.
- Interior plaster and
- Follow the screed , then the
- Tile work
- Ready for occupancy : In its listing of the individual construction phases, the MaBV assumes that the sanitary area is ready for occupancy after the tiling work, but before the facade work is completed.
- The extension of the facade takes care of the external design of the building.
- The complete completion includes the design of the outdoor facilities.
- Construction acceptance : An official notification is available at the beginning and at the end of a construction project.
Significance in new buildings
The start of construction, the readiness for occupancy and the completion date are of central importance for the client when constructing a new building . In individual cases, it may be controversial when construction will start and when it will be ready for occupancy, as there are no precise criteria for this. In the case of property purchase agreements with property developers and real estate financing , the purchase price installments are to be paid in accordance with Section 3 (2) No. 2 MaBV, namely (in% of the remaining purchase price ):
- 30% after notice of conveyance ( 20% for heritable building rights ),
- 40% after completion of the shell (including carpentry ),
- 8% after making the roof surfaces and gutters,
- 3% after the raw installation of the heating systems ,
- 3% after the raw installation of the electrical systems,
- 10% after window installation (including glazing ),
- 6% after interior plastering (without additional plastering work),
- 3% after screed work,
- 4% after tile work in the sanitary area,
- 12% after availability and step by step against handover,
- 3% after facade work and
- 5% after complete completion.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Katrin Rohr-Suchalla: VOB / B - Basic knowledge for construction professionals , 2008, p. 133
- ↑ REFA 91
