Bernard Stuart
Bernard Stuart (* 31 March 1706 on Farm Wester Bogs, Enzie District, Banffshire , Scotland as Alexander Stuart ; † 22. September 1755 in Ferrara , Italy ) was a Scottish Benedictine - Father , architect , mathematician and watchmaker as well as court architect in Salzburg .
Life
He came from a noble family from the Scottish Perthshire and was the son of John Stuart , Lord on Bogs, and Anna Gordon . The young Alexander Stuart was first trained in his native Scalan College , but then in 1718 his uncle Maurus Stuart sent him to the new seminary of the Benedictine Schottenkloster St. Jakob , Regensburg. In 1725 he joined the Benedictine order there, made his religious vows (profession) in 1726 and took the religious name Bernard . There he also studied philosophy and theology . After his ordination (1730) he was transferred as a chaplain to the Benedictine women's monastery in Nonnberg in Salzburg. There he trained in other sciences and also became a talented watchmaker, like many friars of his time also called " priest mechanic ". Among other things, in 1731 he built the mechanism of a free-standing Boulle clock for Archbishop Leopold Anton von Firmian , which was later (1902) in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna. In 1735 he wrote an astronomical work and made several astronomical instruments.
From 1730 to 1739 an astonishing career took him across almost all of Europe. As an architect, physicist and mathematician he was just as respected in Saint Petersburg and Vienna as at the court of Salzburg and in the Free Imperial City of Augsburg . From November 1733 to 1741 he taught mathematics at the University of Salzburg , in 1736 he was appointed Salzburg court architect and immediately commissioned with the construction of Leopoldskron Palace (1736–1744). In 1742 he went to Russia and taught mathematics at the University of Saint Petersburg . In 1743 he returned to Regensburg and was transferred as abbot to the Schottenstift Erfurt on September 25th .
Stuart, who had been ailing for several years, died in Ferrara in 1755 on his way to Rome to see the Holy See due to the stresses of traveling .
literature
- Corbinian Gärtner: History of the peasant emigration from Salzburg under the Archbishop Firmian , 1821, page 476 ff. Detailed biography .
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Stuart, Bernhard . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 40th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1880, pp. 112–114 ( digitized version ).
- Peter Husty: Father Bernard Stuart (1706–1755). A Salzburg court architect and the tasks of his time , diploma thesis, Salzburg 1989.
Web links
- Literature by and about Bernard Stuart in the catalog of the German National Library
- Biography in the Salzburg Wiki
Individual evidence
- ^ Peter Frederick Anson: Underground Catholicism in Scotland , 1970
- ↑ Götz Warnke : The theologians and technology. Clergy as technicians, innovators, and multipliers in the German-speaking area (1648-1848) , Verlag von Bockel, 1997, ISBN 3928770861 ( excerpt )
- ↑ Frederick James Britten: Old clocks and watches & their makers: being an historical and descriptive account of the different styles of clocks and watches of the past, in England and abroad, to which is added a list of nearly twelve thousand makers , in der series Harvard Widener Library astronomy preservation microfilm project , vol 372, published by Spon & Chamberlain, 1932
- ^ Carl Schulte: Lexicon of the art of watchmaking , Emil Huebners Verlag, Bautzen 1902
- ^ Announcements of the Society for Salzburg Regional Studies , Volume 32, Page 148, 1892 ( excerpt )
- ↑ Hans-Joachim Waschkies: Religion and environment. Treatises on the history of geosciences and religion / environmental research , in the series Proceedings of the symposium of the XVIIIth International Congress of History of Science, ICHS , Volume 2, Brockmeyer Verlag, 1990, ISBN 3883398098
- ^ Studies and communications on the history of the Benedictine order and its branches , volumes 71-72, page 109, Verlag Anton Pustet, 1961 ( excerpt )
- ↑ Ludwig von Bürkel: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst , Volume 3, Page 219, Bavarian Association of Art Friends (Museum Association) Munich, Prestel Verlag, 1960 ( excerpt )
- ^ Alfons Bellesheim : History of the Catholic Church in Scotland , page 412, Verlag Kirchheim, 1883 ( excerpt )
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Stuart, Bernard |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Stuart, Alexander |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Scottish Benedictine priest, scientist and watchmaker |
| DATE OF BIRTH | March 31, 1706 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Farm Wester Bogs, Enzie District, Banffshire , Scotland |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 22, 1755 |
| Place of death | Ferrara , Italy |