Bertram (genus)
| Bertram | ||||||||||||
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Club bertram ( Anacyclus clavatus ) |
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| Anacycle | ||||||||||||
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Bertram ( Anacyclus called) even ring or ring flower basket, is a plant genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Bertram species grow as branched, mostly upright, sometimes overhanging to lying, mostly annual , only Anacyclus pyrethrum as perennial , herbaceous plants .
The leaves are alternate and mostly distributed on the stem or rarely initially concentrated in a basal rosette. The leaves are stalked or sessile and usually one to three-part pinnate . The leaf blades are mostly flat and herbaceous; only in Anacyclus linearilobus are they fleshy. The leaf blades can be intensely hairy, with only simple hairs ( trichomes ), or even hairless.
Generative characteristics
Rarely individually ( Anacyclus nigellifolius ) or mostly in branched, zymous total inflorescences , some to many, each over a bract, stalked, cup-shaped individual inflorescences stand together. The brown or brownish-green bracts stand together in several rows . The inflorescence bases are flat or very short conical. There are always chaff leaves available. The flower heads usually contain a number of ray-flowers (= ray-flowers) and always many tubular-flowers (= disc-shaped flowers). The ray-florets are mostly female; in some species the only few ray florets are reduced and partially covered by the bracts. The petals of the ray florets are usually white to creamy white and in some species, an important species characteristic, with purple stripes on the underside. In Anacyclus monanthos and Anacyclus homogamos , all flowers are hermaphroditic. The hermaphroditic, fertile tubular flowers have light to bright yellow corolla tubes .
The mostly flattened achenes have two wing-like edges, which can be fully developed up to spiky ( Anacyclus monanthos ) frayed. A pappus is absent (for example in Anacyclus pyrethrum ) or, if present, it can consist of a narrow crown or scales that merge into the wing-like edges of the achenes.
Systematics and distribution
The generic name Anacyclus was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, page 892. Type species is Anacyclus valentinus L. For the designation as "Bertram" see Perennial Bertram .
The genus Anacyclus is common in the Mediterranean region, especially from North Africa to the Middle East and Turkey .
There are 8 to 13 Anacyclus typologies:
- Anacyclus anatolicus Behçet & Almanar : The home is Turkey .
- Anacyclus ciliatus Trautv. : It occurs in Azerbaijan and Georgia .
- Keulen-Bertram ( Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers. ): It is common in the Mediterranean area.
- Anacyclus homogamos (Maire) Humphries : It is common in Spain , France and Morocco , Algeria and Tunisia .
- Anacyclus inconstans Pomel : It occurs in Algeria and Morocco.
- Anacyclus latealatus Hub.-Mor. : It occurs in Asia Minor .
- Anacyclus linearilobus Boiss. & Reut. : It only occurs in Algeria.
- Anacyclus maroccanus (ball) ball : It occurs only in Morocco.
- Anacyclus monanthos (L.) Thell. : There are two subspecies in North Africa:
- Anacyclus nigellifolius Boiss. : It occurs in the Middle East .
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Perennial Bertram ( Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link , Syn .: Anacyclus freynii Willk. , Anacyclus officinarum Hayne , Anacyclus depressus Ball ): It occurs naturally in Spain and North Africa and is a neophyte in France . The German Bertram (Syn .: Anacyclus officinarum Hayne ) was only an annual descendant of the perennial Bertram ( Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link ) and is extinct. There are perhaps the varieties:
- Roman Bertram ( Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link var. Pyrethrum )
- Morocco-Bertram ( Anacyclus pyrethrum var. Depressus (Ball) Maire , Syn .: Anacyclus depressus Ball ): The home is Algeria and Morocco.
- Yellow bertram ( Anacyclus radiatus Loisel. ): It is distributed in two subspecies in the Mediterranean region:
- Anacyclus valentinus L .: It is originally found in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain and France.
No longer belongs to the genus:
- Anacyclus australis Sieber ex Spreng. → Cotula australis (Sieber ex Spreng.) Hook. f.
use
From Anacyclus pyrethrum , an ancient medicinal plant, especially the root has been used by the medical effects were studied. Few species are used as ornamental plants .
Some as a spice; they are used, for example, in the Villach church day soup .
swell
- Christopher John Humphries: Cytogenetic and cladistic studies in Anacyclus (Compositae: Anthemideae). In: Nordic Journal of Botany , Volume 1, Issue 1, 2008 pp. 83-96.
- Christopher John Humphries: A revision of the genus Anacyclus L. (Compositae: Anthemideae). In: Bulletins of the British Museum, (Natural History), Botany Series , Volume 7, Issue 3, 1979, pp. 83-142.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species plantarum , 1753, page 892. - Scanned in at botanicus.org .
- ^ A b Anacyclus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter, E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Data sheet Anacyclus In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ^ L. Behçet, S. Almanar: Anacyclus anatolicus (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey. In: Ann. Bot. Fennici , Volume 41, 2004, pp. 299-303: full text PDF.
- ↑ Anacyclus pyrethrum at Plants For A Future . Retrieved April 18, 2011.
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