Betonica ossetica

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Betonica ossetica
Betonica ossetica

Betonica ossetica

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Lamioideae
Genre : Betonien ( Betonica )
Type : Betonica ossetica
Scientific name
Betonica ossetica
( Bornm. ) Chinth.

Betonica ossetica ( Russian Буквица осетинская ) is a plant from the genus of Betonien ( Betonica ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). This endemic high mountain plant israrely foundin its habitat and only inhabits alpine rock heaps in the Central Greater Caucasus .

description

Differentiation from related species

With the two closely related Caucasian species, Betonica nivea and Betonica abchasica , Betonica ossetica shares the narrow lanceolate leaves, which are grayish on the underside in Betonica ossetica and snow-white in the other two species. The tiered arrangement of the little-flowered false whorls and large corollas is also striking. Overall, the species are easily addressed and differ from one another in their flower color, size and type of hair. For Betonica ossetica , the yellow-white flower color and the underside of the leaves with long white hairs are the most striking distinguishing features. For Betonica nivea and Betonica abchasica , felty star hairs on the underside of the leaf and purple or pink flower crowns are characteristics in the taxonomic address. Betonica ossetica can also easily be addressed from a greater distance. Only it has a longer stem, on which the pseudo whorls are arranged at a clear distance in conspicuous floors.

Vegetative characteristics

Betonica ossetica is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 50 centimeters. It forms an underground, nodular rhizome as a survival organ. The stiff, upright, simple and sturdy stem is covered with backward-facing long limb hairs. The simple, stalked, coarsely notched to round-toothed and round-pointed, uneven, wrinkled leaves stand together in a basal rosette and are arranged opposite to one another on the stem. The numerous basal sheets are egg-lanceolate with a length of 9 to 20 centimeters and a width of 2.5 to 3 centimeters. The stem leaves are similar to the basal leaves, but smaller; the top one is small and ovoid; the lower stalk leaves are long-stalked, green on top, only thinly haired on the underside with long white hairs. The feathered veins are embossed in relief on the top.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is in July. The branched inflorescence consists of clearly separated pseudo whorls, each containing a few flowers. The eilanzettlichen bracts are hairy longer.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The sepals are fused into a bell shape, especially in the upper area densely covered with long, stiff hair and the calyx teeth are eilanzettlich with a subpulate upper end. The white-yellow, two-lipped corolla , with a long hairy corolla tube, is three times longer than the calyx and in the typical shape of the mint. The 4 stamens are didynamic. The ovary is on top.

Occurrence

Betonica ossetica only grows in the central Greater Caucasus , it is endemic with a disjoint area (that means: consisting of several spatially separated areas).

The species has been found in the following areas: in Georgia: South Ossetia , in Russia: North Ossetia-Alania , Ingushetia , Chechnya . Betonica ossetica thrives in the mountains at altitudes of 1200 to 1600 meters.

The following sites are given for Chechnya: Schatoiski rajon , Itum-Kalinski , Scharoiski and Wedenski .

In the Republic of Ingushetia, Betonica ossetica occurs only disjointly, that is, in several sub-areas; in the catchment area of ​​the Armchi (Russian Армхи) and on the slopes of the Skalistogo ridge (Russian Скалистого хребта) near Zei-Lam ( Russian Цей-Лам ).

Site conditions

Betonica ossetica has xerophytic leaf characteristics, which marks it as a dry-loving species. It grows in subalpine and alpine dry habitats. There it is limited to rubble heaps and crevice-deep rock sites. As a xerophyte, it specializes in low- fine debris heaps as a distinctly light plant , and only reaches a low population density there .

Danger

Hazard category according to IUCN for Betonica ossetica

Betonica ossetica is placed in the Red List of the Republic of Ingushetia in the risk level 3, endangered (vulnerable). Since it is limited to skeletal soils and rubble, the populations are only built up by a few individuals. The main hazard of the highly decorative species is the collection for bouquets of flowers and general human activities. The species is classified as endangered due to its disjoint occurrence.

For the Republic of Chechnya , it has status 3 on the Red List there.

Taxonomy

It was first described in 1936 as Betonica nivea subsp. ossetica by Joseph Friedrich Nicolaus Bornmüller on the basis of herbarium material from the Archodon valley in Ossetia, which was collected by VV Marcowicz in 1898.

Bornmüller found previously to Betonica nivea identified herbarium specimens with the examination of herbarium of the Botanical Institute in Berlin-Dahlem, and divided not only Betonica ossetica but also Betonica abchasica out. In contrast to B. abchasica , B. ossetica grows larger and has yellow flowers. The two last-named species then have longer calyx teeth than B. nivea . The type material is in Tbilisi .

The new combination to Betonica ossetica takes place in 1951 by Leonida Semenowna Chintibidze in Zametki po sistematike i geografii rasteniĭ 16:31.

Ornamental plant

Bornmüller recognized Betonica ossetica as "a species that is strikingly beautiful due to its large flowers and dense white felt on the underside of the leaves", which is worthy of gardening. In Germany the species is known as Stachys discolor . Also in the large comparative screening test garden worthy of the Chicago Botanic Garden Betonien (as Stachys ), this plant is recommended.

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

Betonica ossetica remained relatively rare in Germany, however, in the Anglo-Saxon countries it is more often offered as an alpine perennial.

literature

Web links

Commons : Betonica ossetica  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Betonica ossetica on plantarium.ru (pictures; use arrow keys on the right).
  • Betonica ossetica as Stachys discolor var. Ossetica in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris online ( Memento from March 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
  • Betonica ossetica as Stachys discolor in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris online ( Memento from March 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c OE Knorring: 1954.
  2. ↑ Краснокнижный вид Stachys ossetica в книге Красной Республики Ингушетия oopt.aari.ru .
  3. ↑ Красная Книга Чеченской Республики. Here on page 75-76, oopt.aari.ru .
  4. ↑ Изумрудная книга России xidi.ru .
  5. ↑ Sh. Shetekauri, L. Tsiskarauli, T. Zangurashvili: High mountain flora of Pirikiti Khevsureti and Tusheti (NE Greater Caucasus). online (PDF), from Herbario Mediterraneo.
  6. ↑ Красная Книга Чеченской Республики. Here on page 75-76 oopt.aari.ru .
  7. ↑ Красная Книга Магас Éditeur "Сердало» 2007 Р а с т е н и я Ж и в о т н ы е , here on page 71, ashipunov.info ( Memento of 29 October 2017 Internet Archive ) (PDF).
  8. ↑ Красная Книга Чеченской Республики. Here on page 75-76 oopt.aari.ru .
  9. ↑ online at Biblioteca Digital Real Jardín Botánico - CSIC.
  10. ↑ Joseph Bornmüller: 1936.
  11. ↑ Joseph Bornmüller: 1936.
  12. ↑ Joseph Bornmüller: 1936.
  13. ^ RG Hawke: A Comparative Study of Cultivated Stachys (PDF), at Chicago Botanic Garden, Issue 27, 2005.