Betonica nivea
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Betonica nivea (Буквица белоснежная) is a plant from the genus of Betonien ( Betonica ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). It thrives in the high alpine mountains from the eastern Great Caucasus to the western Elburs .
description
Differentiation to related species and systematics
Betonica nivea is morphologically closely related to Betonica ossetica and Betonica abchasica as well as to Betonica grandiflora . When reviewing herbarium specimens, Joseph Bornmüller separated Betonica ossetica and Betonica abchasica from Betonica nivea as subspecies. Later these were given the status of their own species.
Morphologically, Betonica nivea differs from Betonica ossetica in that it has smaller pink flowers (these are very large in Betonica ossetica and usually yellow-white), and from Betonica abchasica in the lack of star hairs and branched hairs on the stem and in the purple flowers in Betonica abchasisca .
In general, Betonica nivea has been described as a conspicuous alpine species: George Bentham mentioned it as "Planta elegantissima, magnitudine et floribus B. grandiflorae " - a shapely plant, size and flowers like the large-flowered betonia. In Pierre Edmond Boissier the flowers similarity to the large-flowered Betonie and the elegance of the species is also indicated ( Species elegans ).
Vegetative characteristics
Betonica nivea is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 50 centimeters. It forms an underground, nodular rhizome as a survival organ. The stem and the leaves stand together in a basal rosette. The curved, upright to ascending simple stem is covered with long hairs pointing backwards . Rosette leaves numerous, elongated-lanceolate to narrow-lanceolate, 12 to 13 centimeters long, 2 to 3 centimeters wide, roughly notched at the edge. Stem leaves similar but smaller, wrinkled on top with simple articulated and star hairs; the underside felt white, with protruding veins, covered with star hair and long limb hair. Lower leaves with a 7 to 10 centimeter long style, stem leaves almost sessile. The bract-like bracts are gray, oval-lanceolate, with star hairs and limb hairs.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from May to July. The inflorescence consists of two to three separate pseudo whorls and an upper pseudo whorl in a compact pseudo-ear .
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, reticulate, with long link hairs. Teeth triangular-lanceolate, one third to one fifth the length of the calyx; Crown pink or yellow, 2–2.5 times longer than the calyx, corolla tube curved, hairy. Upper lip elongated, rounded at the tip or notched short; Lower lip longer, the middle lip broadly elongated or curled, the outer lips half as long, rounded.
The partial fruits are dark brown, finely sunk.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
ecology
Betonica nivea inhabits alpine and subalpine rock drifts in the eastern Greater Caucasus. The subspecies ssp. mazandarana is found in Elburs, Iran, on the north-facing slopes at around 3000 meters. Here it prefers slightly more humid habitats.
Occurrence
The plant is found mainly in the Caucasus ( Dagestan ), in Eastern Transcaucasia , Azerbaijan and in the Elbors ( Mazandaran ).
Taxonomy
The first description of Betonica nivea was in 1812 by Christian von Steven in the Mémoires de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de l'Université Impériale de Moscou , which was published by the Moscow Society of Naturalists (Московское общество испыдателей). Stevens' finds came from what was then Dagestan . At least Chinalug (or Khinalug) , one of the two type localities given by Steven , is now on Azerbaijani territory. The second type location given by Steven with Djumi is probably Dschymenses , in the older literature mostly transliterated with "Dschmit" in German.
The specific epithet “ nivea (Latin: snow white) ” refers to the white felty leaf underside.
From a taxonomic point of view , Steven described the plant specimens from Chinalug ( Xınalıq , see Chinalugian language ) as yellow- blooming ( flore flavo ) and those from Djumi as red- blooming ( flore roseo ). In the itinerary, Steven stated the red-blooming form from the Djumi mineral spring area as the actual type location of the new Betonienart: J'y trouvais cependant une nouvelle espèce de Betoine à grandes fleurs rouges, et feuilles longues blanches en dessous.
Later, more strongly differing plant specimens from Abkhazia , Ossetia and Northern Persia were incorrectly assigned to the Dagestani plants from the original Stevens diagnosis. Bornmüller later eliminated two new subspecies from this heterogeneous material - nowadays recognized species - and one subspecies.
Type and paratype are in Helsinki .
Synonyms for Betonica nivea Stev. are Stachys nivea Benth. non Labill. nom. illegitimate. and Stachys discolor Benth.
The two forms first taxonomically distinguished by Bornmüller and now regarded as the closest related species, Betonica ossetica (Bornm.) Chinth. and Betonica abchasica (Bronm.) Chinth. are endemic to the Caucasus Mountains . Its range joins that of Betonica nivea to the west.
Betonica nivea is only found in the eastern Caucasus (Dagestan, Azerbaijan), Betonica ossetica in the central and central- eastern and Betonica abchasica only in the western Caucasus. The species of the complex are therefore not sympatric and have evolved from an original parent species through adaptation to the different living conditions .
The subdivision of the genus Betonica into two sections made by Reba Bhattacharjee , in which Betonica nivea in the Makrostachya section belongs to the North, Central Asian and Southeast European Betonien, is based on the assumption of a relationship from an Asian Betonien radiation .
The subspecies Betonica nivea Stev. subsp. masandarana (Bornm.) Rech.f. comes from the northern Iranian Elburs Mountains . Originally classified as a variety by Bornmüller , Karl Heinz Rechinger has eliminated it as a subspecies to the parent species. It was discovered in 1848 by Friedrich Alexander Buhse , who recognized it in the Elburs Mountains near “Warahosul” as belonging to Betonica nivea . The main distinguishing feature of the subspecies masandarana are purple corolla and only gray (not matted white matted!) Undersides of the leaf blades . According to R. Govaerts, this subspecies is a synonym of Stachys alpina subsp. alpina .
Ornamental plant
Betonica nivea and the two closest related species, Betonica ossetica and Betonica abchasica, are indifferently referred to as Stachys discolor in the horticultural sector . Most of the time, the names hide descendants of Betonica ossetica , which grows larger and more conspicuous than the other two. All species are particularly suitable as rock garden perennials, which are characterized by a long flowering time, conspicuous flower crowns and mostly conspicuously silvery undersides of leaves and which are popular in horticulture because of their suitability for bees.
literature
- OE Knorring, (1954): Betonica L. In: BK Schischkin (ed.), Flora of the USSR , 21, pp. 237-242. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow & Leningrad. (Russian). English translation from Russian by the Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem 1977. pp. 173-174 PDF
- Joseph Bornmüller 1936: Remarks on the forms of Betonica nivea Steven (= Stachys discolor Bth.). Feddes Repertorium, 40, Berlin. P. 370-374: PDF Bornmüller p. 370 , p. 371 , p. 372 , p. 373
- Christian Steven 1812: Catalog des Plantes rares ou nouvelles, observées pendant un voyage autour du Caucase oriental . Mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, Volume 3, 244-270, Impr. De l'Université Impériale, Moscou. Here on p. 266. PDF Steven p. 266
Individual evidence
- ^ A b OE Knorring 1954: Betonica L. In: BK Shishkin (Edt.): Flora of the USSR : Labiatae. , Volume 21, pp. 173-174. Komarov Botanical Institute, Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Original Soviet publication 1954, English translation from Russian by the Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem 1977. [1]
- ^ OE Knorring, 1954: Betonica L. - In: Schischkin, BK (ed.), Flora of the USSR 21: 237-242. Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow & Leningrad. (Russian). English translation from Russian by the Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem 1977. p. 173
- ↑ George Bentham 1832-1836: Labiatarum Genera et Species . James Riegway & Sons, Piccadilly, London. P. 534
- ^ Edmond Boissier 1875: Flora Orientalis. Volume 4, Geneva, p. 751.
- ↑ Betonica nivea at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Flora and vegetation of Golestanak (Alborz Mts), Iran . Reza Naderi, Mohammad Reza Rahiminejad, Bahman Eslami & Saeed Afsharzadeh (PDF)
- ↑ a b Joseph Bornmüller 1936: Comments on the shape of Betonica nivea Steven (= Stachys discolor Benth.). In: Feddes Repertorium , Volume 40, p. 370.
- ^ Christian Steven 1812: Catalog des Plantes rares ou nouvelles, observées pendant un voyage autour du Caucase oriental . Mémoires de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou, Volume 3, 244-270, Impr. De l'Université Impériale, Moscou. Here on p. 246. PDF Steven p. 246
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Betonica nivea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 14, 2019.
- ^ Reba Bhattacharjee 1980: Taxonomic studies in Stachys: II - A new infrageneric classification of Stachys L. In: Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh , Volume 38, Issue 1, p. 74.
- ↑ Joseph Bornmüller 1936: Remarks on the forms of Betonica nivea Steven (= Stachys discolor Benth.). In: Feddes Repertorium , Volume 40, p. 371.
Web links
- Betonica nivea in the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris [2]
![[2]](http://sonneratphoto.mnhn.fr/2012/03/15/8/P04236331.jpg){kind=link}