Yellow bladder bush

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Yellow bladder bush
Yellow bladder bush (Colutea arborescens), illustration

Yellow bladder bush ( Colutea arborescens ), illustration

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Galegeae
Genre : Bladder bushes ( Colutea )
Type : Yellow bladder bush
Scientific name
Colutea arborescens
L.

The Yellow Bladder Senna ( Colutea arborescens ) is a plant species in the subfamily Pea (Faboideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae).

description

Flower buds and zygomorphic flowers, easy to recognize by the buds of the calyx
The legumes of the yellow bladder shrub
Flowering branch

Appearance and leaf

The bladder shrub is a deciduous, richly branched shrub which , depending on its location, reaches heights of between 1 and 4 meters. The bark of the thorny twigs is initially hairy and later glabrous and frayed from branches and trunk in longitudinal strips.

The alternate arranged on the branches leaves are long stalks. The leaves are unpinnate. The leaflets are up to 3.5 centimeters long and broadly elliptical in shape.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from May to August. In the leaf axils are the racemose inflorescences on long inflorescence shafts . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is two-lipped. The golden yellow corolla has the typical structure of the butterfly flowers and is up to 2 centimeters long. The five vividly colored petals are nailed . In zweikronblättrigen boat are the stamens and the ovary .

Fruits and seeds

The pulses are 6 to 8 centimeters long and about 3 cm in diameter and are vesicularly distended and contain about 20 to 30 seeds. When ripe, this legume opens up by about 1 to 2 centimeters along the back and stomach seams due to drying out. The black-brown, lenticular and lentil-sized seeds stand on 3 mm long stalks .

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

ecology

The yellow bladder bush forms root nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

From an ecological point of view, it is a question of pre-male, odorless "butterfly flowers with brush equipment" and with red-brown line sap paint. Nine of the ten stamens have grown together to form a tube that is open at the top, the 10th is free and gives access to the nectar , thus forming a "nectar gap". Pollinators are bumblebees and other bee relatives, as only these have enough strength to push the boat down.

The females of the great wandering blue ( Lampides boeticus ) lay their eggs in the ovary .

Due to the long flowering period from May to August, the legumes that ripen from August to October can be seen together with the flowers on the bush. The pulses are at maturity due to the parchment-like, gas-impervious pericarp by carbon dioxide distended vesicular formation. The fruits that fall as a whole are spread out in strong winds as balloon fliers or as ground runners. In autumn and winter, the pericarp rots and releases the seeds. The fruits are also hibernators and then wind spreaders thanks to the legumes that are open on the top in the front third.

Toxicity

The seeds and leaves of the yellow bladder shrub are poisonous.

Main active ingredients: In the leaves and pods colutic acid ; in the leaves and seeds a bitter substance that has not yet been chemically researched . About 1% canavanine left in the seed .

Various claims are made in the literature that the plant should also contain cytisine . In more recent works this is denied, and the as yet unknown bitter substance is made responsible for the laxative effect.

Symptoms of poisoning: diarrhea, occasionally vomiting.

Occurrence and use

The yellow bladder shrub is widespread in North Africa , Southern Europe, and Southern Central Europe and Western Asia. In Germany, of course, it only occurs in the Upper Rhine region.

As an ornamental plant , however, it has found a wider distribution area since the 16th century. It is occasionally planted at roadsides or in gardens.

In its natural range, it is mainly found on mostly dry limestone soils . It mainly inhabits dry slopes and rock corridors and is occasionally found in light, sub- Mediterranean deciduous forests. In Central Europe it is a type of character of the Quercetalia pubescenti-petraeae, nationally it is a Quercetalia pubescentis-order character.

Subspecies

In Europe, the following subspecies can be distinguished:

  • Colutea arborescens L. subsp. arborescens : ovaries glabrous or hairy only at the abdominal seam.
  • Colutea arborescens subsp. gallica Browicz : hairy ovary.

Common names

The other common German names for the yellow bladder shrub exist or existed : blister tree, blister shrub, pheasant shrub, Fischblatter ( Austria ), Knallschote (Mark), sleeping lenses ( Switzerland ), Valentinspeltsche, Verbruten Kuchle ( Basel ) and Welsch Linsen.

Trivia

  • The baguenaude (French baguenaude "empty pod of the yellow bladder bush", in the figurative sense of the word "trifle") is a joking genre of French poetry.

literature

  • Angelika Lüttig, Juliane Kasten: Rose hip & Co - blossoms, fruits and spread of European plants . Fauna Verlag, Nottuln 2003, ISBN 3-935980-90-6
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 604.
  2. ↑ a b c d Lutz Roth, Max Daunderer, Kurt Kormann: Toxic Plants - Plant Poisons. Occurrence, effect, therapy, allergic and phototoxic reactions. With a special section about poisonous animals. 6th, revised edition, special edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-86820-009-6 .
  3. ↑ K. Browicz: Colutea L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea . Volume 2, page 107. Cambridge University Press 1968.
  4. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 106. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Yellow Bladder Bush ( Colutea arborescens )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files