Blue-throated hummingbird

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Blue-throated hummingbird
Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Tribe : Coquettes (Lophornitini)
Genre : Mountain Nymphs ( Oreotrochilus )
Type : Blue-throated hummingbird
Scientific name
Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus
Sornoza-Molina , Freile , Nilsson , Krabbe & Bonaccorso , 2018

The blue- throated hummingbird ( Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus ) is a species of bird in the hummingbird family (Trochilidae) that is endemic to Ecuador . The species is monotypical .

features

The blue-throated hummingbird reaches a body length of around 12.5 cm and weighs around 8.1 g. The anterior skull to the posterior skull of the male glitters emerald green with blue-green reflections. The neck, the area between the neck and shoulder feathers, the rear back, the upper wing coverts and the rump glisten in emerald green. Many feathers in these areas have tight blue-green seams, while others have a bronze-green tint. The upper tail ceilings are emerald blue green. The back surface of the central control springs are blackish steel-blue and slightly glitter. The wing feathers and larger upper wing coverts are dull blackish, with an indistinct steel blue sheen at some corners. The outer vane of the outermost hand wings have very narrow white seams. The throat feathers have narrow, inconspicuous emerald green tips. They are longer on the side than in the middle and on the chin. The purple-black throat becomes shimmering blue-green in the middle and shimmering blue at some corners. The base of these feathers is narrow white. The chest to the belly is matt white, but these feathers have a black base. A narrow elongated line in the middle of the abdomen is purple-black, some feathers of the middle feathers with iridescent blue-green. The chest side and the flanks are greenish gray. The under tail-coverts are matt grayish yellow-brown. On the belly side, the tail on the control feathers three and four is matt white with a matt blackish blue border on the outer flags. The control pen two is matt blackish with a blue tip. The first control spring is matt blackish blue on the outer half. The central control springs are completely blackish blue. The beak is black with yellow edges, legs and claws are black. The eyes are dark brown. The female glitters emerald green on her back, a little darker on the front of the head. The tint varies between bluish and bronze emerald green. The upper tail ceilings are a little bluer and lighter. The area of ​​the central control springs directed towards the back has a metallic blue-green shimmer. The wing feathers and the large wing-coverts are dark, with a little blue sheen in some areas. The outer flags of the outermost hand wings have tight white seams. The chin and the middle of the throat are grayish olive in half, blackish at the base, whitish in the middle and a dark green spot at the end, so that this area appears dark. The sides of the throat are whiter. The chest, the sides of the chest, the belly, the flanks and the under tail-coverts are greyish yellow-brown. The flanks have a few lighter olive-green feathers, the under tail-coverts a slight green shimmer. The control feathers are metallic blue-green with a matt base on all central pairs of feathers and matt white rounded spots towards the tip. The pattern of the tail varies with the size and shape of this matte white spot.

Behavior and nutrition

The blue-throated hummingbird gets its nectar a . a. of Chuquiraga jussieui , scrub of the species Macleania rupestris and Lleresia hypoleuca . Chuquiraga jussieui seems to be his preferred source of nectar. When taking in nectar, it usually clings to the side or from bottom to top. Occasionally it sits near the flower. He often sits in the flowering undergrowth for a few seconds before visiting the flowers. It is regularly chased away from the nectar springs by the rust-red Andean hummingbird . Other competitors, but less aggressive, are the great violet-eared hummingbird , the blue-winged hummingbird , the black-tailed sylph and the green glossy-tail .

Reproduction

The breeding biology of the blue-throated hummingbird has not yet been researched.

distribution and habitat

The distribution area of the Blaulatzkolibris is in bushes of portions in which a number of plants of the genus Chuquiraga are, but of composite flowers , finials plants , Black mouth plants , St. John's wort plants , Rötegewächsen , rosaceous and certificates originator plants is dominated. The bush areas are approximately 0.5 to 1.5 hectares in size. The undergrowth is about 3 to 4 meters high, but can also reach up to 8 meters in height. He can also be out and about in an open páramo with small patches of bushes. He has even been observed in the solitary Chuquiraga . The species has only been discovered in five locations in the Cordillera de Chilla-Tioloma-Fierro-Urcu . Here it moves at altitudes between 3325 and 3680 meters.

Hazard and protection

The blue-throated hummingbird is currently not recorded by the IUCN . In view of the various threats to which the habitat in which the species is endemic is exposed, as well as the extremely small range of less than 100 km 2 , the first descriptors suggest that it should be classified as “critically endangered” according to the IUCN criteria ( Critically Endangered ) to look at ..

Etymology and history of research

The blue-throated hummingbird was first described in 2018 by Francisco Sornoza-Molina, Juan Fernando Freile, Jonas Nilsson, Niels Krabbe & Elisa Bonaccorso under the scientific name Oreotrochilus cyanolaemus . The type specimen was collected by Sornoza-Molina, Freile and Nilsson on May 23, 2017 at Cerro de Arcos . In 1847 John Gould introduced the new genus Oreotrochilus . The name is derived from the Greek words "oros ὄρος " for "mountain" and "trochilus τρόχιλος " for "hummingbird". The term »Trochilus«, which Carl von Linné used for a new genre in 1758, is historically somewhat problematic. This term was already used by Aristotle for a bird that visits the mouth of a crocodile without being injured or even eaten by it. Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire suspected that Aristotle used it to describe the crocodile guardian ( Pluvianus aegyptius ). The species name »cyanolaemus« is derived from the Greek »cyaneos κυανος « for »dark blue« and »laimos λαιμος « for »throat«.

literature

  • Francisco Sornoza-Molina, Juan Fernando Freile, Jonas Nilsson, Niels Krabbe , Elisa Bonaccorso: A striking, critically endangered, new species of hillstar (Trochilidae: Oreotrochilus) from the southwestern Andes of Ecuador . In: The Auk . tape 134 , no. 14 , 2018, p. 1146-1171 , doi : 10.1642 / AUK-18-58.1 ( pdfs.semanticscholar.org ).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • John Gould: Drafts for an arrangement of the Trochilidae, with descriptions of some species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 15 , no. 168 , 1847, pp. 7-11 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . 10th edition. tape 1 . Imprensis Direct Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm 1758 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire: Mémoire sur deux espèces d'animaux nommés Trochilus et Bdella par Hérodote, leur guerre, et la part qu'y prend le Crocodile . In: Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle . tape 15 , 1827, pp. 459-474 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ Sornoza-Molina et al. a., pp. 1152-1153.
  3. ↑ Sornoza-Molina et al. a., pp. 1153-1154.
  4. ↑ Sornoza-Molina et al. a., p. 1157.
  5. ↑ a b Sornoza-Molina u. a., p. 1158.
  6. ↑ Sornoza-Molina et al. a., p. 1161.
  7. ↑ Sornoza-Molina et al. a., p. 1150.
  8. ^ John Gould (1847), pp. 9-11
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling p. 283
  10. ^ Carl von Linné, p. 119.
  11. ↑ Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, p. 466

Remarks

  1. ↑ In addition to the Black-breasted Andes Hummingbird ( Oreotrochilus melanogaster ) he ordered the white edge Andes Hummingbird ( Oreotrochilus leucopleurus Gould , 1847), the Ecuadorian Hillstar ( Oreotrochilus chimborazo ( Delattre & Bourcier , 1846)), the wedge-tailed hillstar ( Oreotrochilus adela ( d ' Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1839)) and the Estella Andean hummingbird ( Oreotrochilus estella ( d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye , 1839)).