Max Joseph Bridge

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Max-Joseph-Brücke , named after the Bavarian King Maximilian I Joseph , is an arched bridge over the Isar in Munich . It is also known under its original name Bogenhausener Brücke and under the name Tivolibrücke , whereby the name Tivolibrücke is officially used for a bridge over the Eisbach that is an extension of the Max-Joseph-Brücke .

Max Joseph Bridge seen
from the south
detail
relief

location

The Max-Joseph-Brücke connects the Munich district of Bogenhausen and the English Garden .

history

As early as 1804, a wooden bridge was built over the Isar at the site of today's bridge and a wooden bridge over the Eisbach was built at the site of today's Tivoli bridge . Due to technical defects and flooding , the Isar bridge had to be rebuilt in 1811 (wooden bridge on two brick pillars), 1826 (makeshift bridge) and 1876 (iron truss bridge). The iron bridge was destroyed on September 13, 1899 by a flood that exceeded all known high water marks.

As part of the bridge construction program , the construction of the stone bridge, which still exists today, began in November 1901, which at that time was located in an undeveloped area between unmounted embankments. Theodor Fischer designed the bridge and Sager & Woerner took care of the design and construction . For the construction of the bridge, the existing falsework of the Prinzregentenbrücke, which was constructed in the same way and with almost exactly the same dimensions, was used a second time after minor changes. As with the Prinzregentenbrücke, more pressure-resistant shell limestone was chosen for the 64 m spanning arch of the bridge instead of concrete, which was still little tried at the time, and was obtained from quarries in Marktbreit south of Würzburg.

The bridge, which was located far outside of what was then Munich and mainly used for delivery traffic, was kept simple according to the taste of the time. The sides were not clad and there were no larger decorations. The front sides of the stud walls standing on the arch and supporting the bridge panel were clad with shell limestone, but remained open. U-shaped gargoyles were installed below the parapet. Groups of figures were only set up in the area of ​​the abutments and the joint in the apex of the bridge was covered on both sides with a cartouche embossed in copper showing the Munich child . The toilet facility located in the left abutment was a novelty. In addition, pedestrian underpasses were installed on both sides. The bridge was opened to traffic on September 1, 1902.

After the bridge survived the Second World War almost unscathed, it was completely repaired in 1974. A reinforced concrete deck and a seal with protective concrete were installed, the pavement coverings were replaced and the parapets above the arch were renewed in reinforced concrete and clad with natural stones. In 2001 the bridge, in particular the roadway and the tram tracks, were renovated.

Technical specifications

The bridge consists of a single flat three-hinged arch made of cut shell limestone , which has a clear width of 64 m and a clear height of around 10 m. The two flat abutments are 17.80 m long. The bridge itself has a length of 104 m and a width of 18 m. The reinforced concrete slab rests on 90 cm thick reinforced concrete walls, which are attached transversely to the roadway and subdivided by six small savings arches, which are placed on the bridge arch and clad with shell limestone on the outer end faces. The two rammed concrete abutments each have two 3.70 m wide saving arches, the 1.60 m thick partition wall to the bridge is interrupted by 4 saving arches with clear widths of 2.25 m, which were later bricked up.

Sculptures

On the bridge in the area of ​​the abutments there are four allegorical representations of the elements: air, water, fire and earth. They were designed by the sculptors Heinrich Düll , Georg Pezold , Max Heilmaier and Eugen Mayer-Fassold . The groups of figures are each flanked by plant and animal reliefs .

  • air

  • water

  • Fire

  • earth

See also

literature

  • Kai Lucks: The Munich Isar Bridges in the 19th and early 20th centuries . Munich 1976.
  • Christoph Hackelsberger: Munich and its Isar bridges . Heinrich Hugendubel, Munich 1985, ISBN 978-3-88034-107-4 .
  • Friedrich Standfuss: Stone Bridges in Germany . 1988, ISBN 3-7640-0240-9 .
  • Christine Rädlinger : History of the Munich bridges . Ed .: Construction Department of the City of Munich. Franz Schiermeier, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-9811425-2-5 (building bridges from the foundation of the city to today).

Web links

Commons : Max-Joseph-Brücke  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 57.3 "  N , 11 ° 35 ′ 54.5"  E