Boguszów

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Boguszów ( German Gottesberg ) has been the largest district of the same since it was merged with Gorce in 1973 to form the new city of Boguszów-Gorce . It belongs to the Powiat Wałbrzyski ( Waldenburg District ) in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship . Boguszów-Gorce Municipality is located in Boguszów.

Geographical location

Gottesberg ( Gottesbg. ) West of Waldenburg on a map from 1905

The city is located in the east of the Waldenburger Bergland on Vojewodschaftsstraße 367, which leads from Wałbrzych (German Waldenburg ) to Kamienna Góra . Neighboring towns are Lubomin and Jablow the north, Konradów and Wałbrzych in the Northeast, Zagórze Śląskie in the east, Jedlina-Zdroj in the southeast, Rybnica Leśna and UNISŁAW ŚLĄSKI in the southeast, the district Kuźnice Świdnickie in the south, Krzeszów and Grzędy in the southwest and Czarny Bór and Kamienna Góra in the west. Boguszów has a stop on the Wałbrzych – Meziměstí railway line .

history

Postcard from 1902

After the discovery of ore and silver veins, Gottesberg was founded by Saxon miners in the 13th or 14th century. It belonged to the Duchy of Schweidnitz and together with it came to the Crown of Bohemia in 1368 . In 1499 it received city ​​rights and the privilege of "Free Mountain Town" from the Bohemian King Vladislav II . For the year 1529 the ore mines "Morgenstern", "Blessing-Gottes", "Reich-Gottes", "Gottes-Glück" and "Wag's-mit-Gott" are proven. From 1532 there were craft guilds and a church is mentioned for 1535. Since the landlords adhered to the Reformation , it also spread among the population. In 1554 a fire destroyed the whole city. From 1574, Gottesberg had the privilege of holding two annual markets, and in 1603 a weekly market was added. At this time, Gottesberg was an economically prosperous city, but burned down again in 1633. In 1636, Gottesberg received a city coat of arms. After the Thirty Years' War , Gottesberg belonged to the Catholic parish in Friedland from 1654 . Until 1655 the so-called low side belonged to the Lords of Czettritz at Neuhaus Castle and after further changes of ownership in 1720 it came to the Counts of Hochberg auf Fürstenstein , who had owned the top of Gottesberg since 1509 . In 1714 the city of Gottesberg acquired the coal mines Wilhelm and Jenni from the landlords Hochberg , but sold them ten years later to private entrepreneurs who merged the mines with the Society of Morgen- und Abendröhte-Grube in the suburb of Kohlau in 1789 . In 1722 the Catholic Trinity Church was built, which was a subsidiary church of Friedland and was only elevated to a parish church in 1865. In 1731 a town hall was built.

After the First Silesian War in 1742, Gottesberg and Silesia fell to Prussia in 1742 . In 1772, Gottesberg received a fourth market right, and in 1775 a Protestant church was built. After the reorganization of Prussia, it belonged to the province of Silesia from 1815 and from 1816 was incorporated into the Waldenburg district, with which it remained connected until 1945. A Catholic school was opened in 1844. The silver mining, which was extinguished in the Thirty Years War, was finally stopped in 1864 despite several attempts to restart it. Since coal mining was not very productive, smaller spinning mills, line weaving and a stocking knitting factory as well as the extraction of heavy spar gained economic importance in the 18th century . In 1867, Gottesberg was connected to the Silesian Mountain Railway . In 1869 and 1889 the miners took part in the strike in the entire Waldenburg coal field. An Old Catholic congregation had existed since 1885, and in 1901 it received its own church. In 1904 the city was electrified. In 1929 Oberhermsdorf , which until then belonged to the rural municipality of Hermsdorf , was incorporated into Gottesberg. In 1939 there were 11,011 inhabitants.

As a result of the Second World War , Gottesberg fell to Poland in 1945, like almost all of Silesia, and was initially renamed Boża Góra and later Boguszów . The German population was expelled. Some of the new residents were displaced from eastern Poland . In 1973 Boguszów was merged with the neighboring city of Gorce ( Rothenbach ) to form a city under the double name Boguszów-Gorce , with which it has shared its history and development since then.

Population development

Trinity Church from the 18th century
year Residents
1875 6,445
1880 6,345
1890 7,201
1925 10,758
1939 11,011
1969 18,240

Of the 7,201 inhabitants in 1890, 4698 were Protestant, 2460 Catholic and 25 Jewish. In 1925 there were 6,412 Protestants, 3,574 Catholics and 27 Jews and in 1933 7201 Protestants, 3,631 Catholics and 14 Jews.

Attractions

  • The parish church of the Holy Trinity was built in 1720–1723 on the site of a wooden church that was built in 1535 by the evangelical miners and catholicized in 1654.
  • The Protestant church was built in 1775 on the site of a prayer house from 1742. The unused building is located at ul. Kasprzaka 13 and is in a poor structural condition, so the lantern of the tower is no longer there.
  • The Old Catholic Church ( Kościół Polskokatolicki ) was built 1900–1904 in neo-Gothic style (ul. Mickiewicza 2).

Personalities

literature

Web links

Commons : Boguszów-Gorce  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Gottsberg in the Topographia Bohemiae, Moraviae et Silesiae  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.boehm-chronik.com/stadtgottesberg.htm
  2. ↑ for 1875, 1880, 1890, 1925 http://www.waldenburg.pl/gottesberg.php ; for 1939 and 1969 http://www.boehm-chronik.com/stadtgottesberg.htm
  3. ↑ http://www.waldenburg.pl/gottesberg.php

Coordinates: 50 ° 45 '  N , 16 ° 12'  E