Bonifaz benevolence

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Wolmuet plan of the city of Vienna and its fortifications (1547)

Bonifaz Wohlmut (also Wohlmuth or Wolmuet ) (before 1510 in Überlingen ; † April 1579 in Prague ) was a German stonemason, builder and architect who worked in Vienna and Prague. From 1549 as the court architect at the court of Ferdinand I in Vienna and from 1559 to 1570 as the imperial master builder in Prague, he was responsible for all buildings at Prague Castle and the royal buildings in the vicinity of Prague. His style was shaped by the late Gothic and the Renaissance .

Life

Vienna

Bonifaz Wohlmut came from Überlingen on Lake Constance (north of Konstanz ). From 1522 he worked in Vienna.

He was involved in the construction of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, the city ​​fortifications and the Vienna Hofburg . In 1543 he was granted citizenship as a stonemason in Vienna, in 1546 his wife Anna bought half a house in Strauchgasse (then Strauchgässel). In 1547 the Viennese stonemasons and masons chose him as their carpentry master . As a stonemason and independent master builder, he was assigned to the cartographer and fortress technician Augustin Hirschvogel for his round plan of the city of Vienna; in the same year he also created his own city map; ( However, Hirschvogel deserves trigonometric priority ).

1549 asked him - already Königl. Major builder - the court chamber for its opinion on the construction of the Vienna Hofburg. When, after Hans Tscherte's death, the court chamber suggested him in September 1552 for the position of a leading master builder for Lower Austrian buildings, the emperor refused. Perhaps because he intended to employ Wohlmut in Prague.

In 1555 Wohlmut bought the Pempflingerhof, which he had redesigned in 1565. He was mentioned for the last time in Vienna in 1575.

Prague

From January 30, 1559 to April 15, 1570, Wohlmut, as the imperial master builder, was the author and co-creator of all buildings of this period on the Hradschin .

Through the collaboration with Italian architects in Prague, the ideas of the architectural theorist Andrea Palladio were conveyed to him. From 1556 he worked on the construction of the Stern pleasure palace near Prague. He then carried out the renovations on the old royal palace at Prague Castle, which burned down in 1541. In the years 1557–1560 he built the two-story, late Gothic benevolence choir named after him in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague . On the main tower of this church he designed the spire with a dome (1562). He supervised the completion of the Belvedere in the royal gardens and built the ballroom for Maximilian II in the years 1567–1569 .

Since 1570 he lived in retirement with an annual pension of 100 thaler and built a house in Pohořelec , which he sold in 1575 and bought a house in the New Town of Prague . He died in 1579, probably a widower and childless.

Works and projects

  • After 1522 together with Michael Fröschl, Paul Kölbl and Hans Saphoy on the construction of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna
  • From 1530 to 1546, alongside Domenico dell'Allio, he was involved in the fortifications of Vienna, led by Hermes Schallautzer and Augustin Hirschvogel.
  • Participation in Ferdinandese castle construction, especially in the southern courtyard wing of the Swiss wing, with Hans Tscherte and Pietro Ferrabosco .
  • Wolmuet plan to fortify the city of Vienna
  • Participation in the renovation of Nelahozeves Castle on behalf of Florian Griespek von Griespach (from 1553)
  • Participation in the construction of the Stern ( Hvězda ) Castle in Prague (1556–1558)
  • Construction supervision and control of royal buildings, especially at Poděbrady Castle (from 1557)
  • Castle in Přerov nad Labem (Prerow an der Elbe), reconstruction by Bonifaz Wohlmut (1560), Matteo Borgorelli (1563) and Ettore de Vaccani (1574–1605), completed by the imperial architect Giovanni Maria Philippi (1606)
  • Lysá nad Labem Castle (Lissa an der Elbe) (1564), reconstruction, together with Ulrico Aostalli de Sala (1520–1597)
  • Wohlmut Choir in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague (1559–1561), since 1924 in the north transept
  • Renaissance hood of the bell tower on St. Vitus Cathedral (1560–1562)
  • Renewal and restoration of the Gothic vaults of the old parliament hall (Stará sněmovna) and the equestrian staircase in the old royal palace at Prague Castle (1559–1564)
  • Completion of the Belvedere or pleasure house of Queen Anna at Prague Castle (1538–1565) by Paolo della Stella († 1552), completed by Wohlmut
  • Ball game house at Prague Castle (1567–1569)
  • Design for the house "To the two Golden Bears" No. 475 in Prague (1559–1567)
  • the original orangery in the Prague Royal Gardens
  • Proposals for the reconstruction of the Archbishop's Palace in Prague (1562–1564) by Bonifaz Wohlmut and Ulrico Aostalli
  • Kaceřov Castle in Okres Plzeň-sever (Pilsen-Nord district), designed by Paolo della Stella, completed by Wohlmut in the 1560s
  • New construction of the star rib vault in the Church of St. Mary of the Assumption and Emperor Charlemagne in the Karlshof in Prague (1575)
  • Draft for the renaissance reconstruction of the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Kralovice (Kralowitz), including the grave chapel of Griespek von Griespach (1575–1581)

Picture gallery

  • Pleasure Palace Stern near Prague

  • Přerov nad Labem Castle

  • Lysá nad Labem Castle

  • Well-being choir in St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague

  • Spire on St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague

  • Completion of the Belvedere (Queen Anna's summer residence)

  • Ball game house at Prague Castle

  • Parliament Chamber in the old Royal Palace at Prague Castle

  • House of the two Golden Bears in Prague

  • Kaceřov Castle

  • Star rib vault of the church at Karlshof

  • Church of St. Peter and Paul in Kralovice

Honor

Wohlmutstrasse in Vienna, Leopoldstadt, named in 1899 after Bonifaz Wolmuet.

literature

  • Ottův slovník naučný (Otto's Conversation Lexicon): Wohlmuth, Bonifác. Volume 27, p. 276 (Czech)
  • Pavel Vlcek; ao: Umělecké památky Prahy (Art Monuments in Prague - Prague Castle), Prague, 1999

Web links

Wikisource: BLKÖ: Wohlmuth, Bonifaz  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolmuet Boniface . In: Felix Czeike : Historisches Lexikon Wien. After Ferdinand Opll † 1578/79 in Vienna (?) P. 676.
  2. ↑ Prague Castle Wohlmut Bonifac (Engl.) (Accessed on 22 February 2017)
  3. ^ Prag-Digital Bonifaz Wohlmut (Czech) (accessed on February 22, 2017)
  4. ↑ Bonifaz Wolmuet in Vienna History Wiki of the city of Vienna
  5. ↑ Wolmuet Boniface . In: Felix Czeike: Historisches Lexikon Wien. 5th volume, Vienna 1997, p. 676 f.
  6. ↑ Österreichische Kunsttopographie , (Ed. Österreichisches Bundesdenkmalamt ) pp. 14, 91, 103, 132 ff., 335 f., 345 f. (Data on Bonifaz Wohlmut's activities in Vienna.)
  7. ↑ Leporelo-Info Wolmut Bonifác with reference to Otto's encyclopedia (Czech) (accessed on February 22, 2017)
  8. ↑ City map, Bonifaz Wolmuet (1547) in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  9. ^ Nelahozeves Castle (accessed February 22, 2017)
  10. ↑ Prague Castle - Old Royal Palace (accessed February 22, 2017)
  11. ↑ Prague-Digital Ballspielsaal (Czech) (accessed on February 22, 2017)
  12. ^ Church at Karlshof in Prague (accessed February 22, 2017)
personal data
SURNAME Benevolence, Boniface
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wohlmuth, Boniface; Wolmuet, Boniface
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German stonemason, builder and architect
DATE OF BIRTH before 1510
PLACE OF BIRTH Überlingen
DATE OF DEATH April 1579
Place of death Prague