Kiel Botanical Garden
The Botanical Garden in Kiel is a scientific institution of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. The first forerunner was founded in 1669. Today's Botanical Garden shows a cross-section of the flora from all parts of the world on around eight hectares and in seven large greenhouses. It is open to the general public every day from 9 a.m.
location
The botanical garden of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel is at the end of Leibnizstrasse, along the street "Am Botanischen Garten". The closest bus stop is called "Botanischer Garten" and is the terminus of lines 81, 60S and 50.
history
Four years after the founding of the Christian-Albrechts-University was Johann Daniel Major at a quarter of the former castle garden at the Kiel Fjord a hortus botanicus create, he needed a demonstration and growing garden for medical education. A model of this garden is now behind the greenhouses. From 1727 the Botanical Garden in Kiel was housed at the monastery in Falkstraße, where it was no longer available to the public, but was used as a cultivation area for medicinal plants. The physician and doctor Georg Heinrich Weber laid out the third botanical garden in 1802 at his academic hospital, which was initially privately built but then taken over by the university. For the first time, greenhouses can be found in which, among other things, succulents from South Africa were kept. From 1873 a fourth location, north of the first and again in the terminal moraine landscape on the Kiel Fjord, was redesigned. Here, through the planning of Adolf Engler, the first botanical garden in the world was created based on purely plant-geographical aspects. The greenhouses built here were temporarily accessible to the general public, at least on Sundays. This location was dissolved with the redesign of the university into a campus university from 1975. In 1978 the plants were moved to the fifth location between Leibnizstrasse and Olof-Palme-Damm. The fourth location is preserved as the Old Botanical Garden in Kiel . By 1985, the construction of the large greenhouse complex was completed in several construction phases, so that the garden has been accessible to students and teachers as well as to the general public since June 6, 1985.
Plant collections
Around 14,000 plant species are cultivated in the Kiel Botanical Garden. This enables a good overview of the most important plant families in the world, the evolution of plant species and the plant-geographical relationships. The order of the plants follows ecological and plant-geographical principles. In three arboretums , wood-dominated plant communities from America, Asia and Europe are planted, which are supplemented by the perennials and herbaceous species that are predominant in the respective area of origin. The habitats that are important for northern Germany are represented in so-called teaching biotopes. These include dunes , heather , moor , alder quarries , pond meadows and, in comparison, the Mediterranean landscape types garigue , maquis , drying brook and segetal flora .
Morphological and ecological groups are the dispersal and flower biological departments. In the large systematic section, over 800 plant species are planted according to genus, family and order, so that visitors can gain an insight into the relationships and the characteristics on which they are based. In addition to this, there has been a “Garden for Linnaeus ” since 2007 , which clearly illustrates the beginnings of the system and familiarizes people with the naming of plant species.
The roses that are significant in terms of garden history are grouped together in a rosarium . Medicinal plants are shown in the medicinal garden. A special attraction is the Alpinum , a large rock garden reserved for high mountain plants from all over the world. From the North American Rocky Mountains to Andean plants, the European mountain ranges and the Caucasus to the Himalayas and the Tian Shan, down to South Africa and New Zealand , many hundreds of species are planted in a natural-looking way.
Special plants
Kiel has the northernmost botanical garden in the Federal Republic of Germany. Favored by its location on the Baltic Sea, however, it has a favorable climate for plants, which is only affected by late frost days in spring. It is possible to leave figs , bananas and palm trees planted all year round. The giant sequoia , the coastal sequoia and the primeval sequoia , the mammoth leaf and such peculiarities as the handkerchief tree with its two subspecies, rare conifers of Asia and the wollemia discovered in 1994 grow in the open air of the Botanical Garden . One of the oldest plants in the species-rich garden is the butter tree Cyphostemma currorii , which can be seen in the Aridhaus Afrika. The Welwitschia ( Welwitschia mirabilis ) at his feet made its contribution to the conservation of the species every year from 1972 to 2008 by setting seeds through hand pollination. The largest water lily in the world, Victoria , is cultivated in the Botanical Garden in Kiel as a special feature, even over the winter and usually blooms as early as January. In March 2012, a titan arum could be seen for the first time during flowering. In 2018 there was even a double bloom.
The world's oldest (approx. 3 meter high) specimen of the " Banded Horse Chestnut " ("Monster Chestnut") ( Aesculus hippocastanum 'Monstrosa'), a mutation of the horse chestnut that grows gnarled, banded and very slowly, is located in the Botanical Garden . The mutation was discovered and cultivated in 1933 by the director of the botanical garden Hermann Jacobsen at the Eichhof park cemetery in Kiel.
Greenhouses
Seven show greenhouses form one of the largest publicly accessible greenhouse complexes in Northern Germany:
- the tropical house with many useful plants
- a cloud forest house dominated by ferns
- the Mediterranean house, in which plants from the Mediterranean area, Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and Chile can be found
- the subtropical house with orange trees, the flora of the Atlantic Islands ( Cape Verde , Canary Islands , Madeira and others) and numerous useful plants
- the Aridhaus America, in which an extensive collection of cacti can be admired
- the Aridhaus Africa, the living stones, ice plants , Aloe dedicated and many other succulent plants in Africa
- the Victoria House, where mangrove and aquatic plants, including the largest water lily in the world, thrive in a humid atmosphere .
The "Aridhaus Amerika" greenhouse is dedicated to the plants from the arid regions of North, Central and South America, especially the semi-deserts and deserts.
The "Tropenhaus" greenhouse is home to tropical plants from Africa, Central and South America and Asia.
Art in the garden
Works by contemporary artists from Northern Germany from the property of the Freundeskreis Neuer Botanischer Garten or as loans can be seen in the Kiel Botanical Garden. This collection arose from the sculpture summer, which was held for over ten years and which was replaced in 2006 by annual art exhibitions in the greenhouses in March / April.
literature
- Johannes Reinke: The oldest botanical garden in Kiel; documented representation of the establishment of a university institute in the seventeenth century. Kiel 1912 ( full text )
Web links
- Website of the Kiel Botanical Garden
- Kiel Botanical Garden shows greenery from all over the world on February 21, 2019 at ndr.de, accessed on February 25, 2019
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b History of the Kiel Botanical Garden
- ^ History of the garden
- ↑ Parks and green spaces in Kiel. In: Kiel Magazin. Archived from the original on March 3, 2010 ; Retrieved April 27, 2016 .
- ↑ Collections
Coordinates: 54 ° 20 ′ 53 ″ N , 10 ° 7 ′ 0 ″ E