Boulevard périphérique
| Boulevard périphérique | |
|---|---|
| location | |
| Arrondissement | 12. to 20. |
| quarter | Bel-Air , Picpus , Bercy , Gare , Maison-Blanche , Parc-de-Montsouris , Petit-Montrouge , Plaisance , Saint-Lambert , Javel , Auteuil , Muette , Porte-Dauphine , Ternes , Plaine-de-Monceaux , Batignolles , Épinettes , Grandes-Carrières , Clignancourt , Goutte-d'Or , Chapelle , Villette , Amérique , Saint-Fargeau , Charonne |
| Beginning | Pont amont |
| The End | Pont amont |
| morphology | |
| length | 35,040 m |
| width | 35 m |
| history | |
| Emergence | 1956 to 1973 (thereafter: constant adjustment) |
| Coding | |
| Paris | 7223 |
The Boulevard périphérique (also Périphérique , périph or BP for short ) is an urban motorway built in a ring around Paris between 1954 and 1973 , which has up to five (for a short distance) lanes in each direction and is regularly congested at rush hour. The Boulevard périphérique surrounds the French capital with its 20 arrondissements . With a few exceptions, the areas outside the Boulevard périphérique are administered independently and therefore do not belong to the Seine metropolis. Almost all major French highways leading to Paris and open from all directions in the Boulevard périphérique: the A1 from Lille , the A4 from Reims / Strasbourg , the A 5 from Troyes , the A 6 from Lyon / Dijon , the A77 from Nevers , the A 10 from Orléans , the A 13 from Rouen and the A 16 from Amiens .
history
At the site of today's ring road, the planned since the 1830s and from 1840 to 1845 built were ramparts ( fortifications ) of the French capital and its Glacis , the zone non Aedificandi . Actually, according to the state of the military technology, they were already out of date at the time of their construction, but after a fundamental decision of 1919, they were not removed until the 1920s. In the no man's land of the "zone", however, there had been some wild settlements and emergency shelters for marginalized groups before 1914. In the interwar period , social buildings, exhibition grounds, sports facilities and, in the upper-class districts in the west, luxury residential buildings were built here on the borders of Paris intra muros , which has been “frozen” in its political and administrative boundaries from 1860 to the present day . At Porte Maillot , a "Luna Park" was created in 1903, modeled on Coney Island . Forward-looking planners at the turn of the century, such as Eugène Hénard and Jean Claude Nicolas Forestier , saw the fortification ring and its zone non aedificandi as a green reservoir for the metropolis, which is poor in parks. However, this was only implemented to a minimal extent, even if the construction of the ring road (1954 to 1973) in Parisien Libéré on November 8, 1954 was even referred to as "Operation Green Belt".
The 35 kilometer long city motorway , called le périph by the inhabitants , one of the busiest roads in Europe, was only partially tunnelled in the “finer” areas, for example on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes . The relevant citizens' initiatives were also strongest here. The Parc de la Villette and the Science Center of La Villette also testify to a certain effort to make the road construction project more or less environmentally friendly. However, the ring motorway , which was officially completed on April 25, 1973 after long debates and construction delays, has an urbanistic effect as an effective barrier to the fully urbanized banlieue , which is why it is criticized by many urban planners today. The total length of the boulevard périphérique is 35 km, the built-up area 1.38 km². Every day 242,000 vehicles use the motorway ring, which represents only 2% of the total traffic in Paris and is less than the Parisian bicycle traffic (as of 2013). Of these vehicles, 89% are cars, 7% are trucks and 4% are motorcycles.
Deviating traffic rules
From the standpoint of classification , the boulevard périphérique is a simple communal street (French: Voie communale ). The speed limit has been set at 70 km / h since 2014; previously it was 80 km / h (compared to the usual national speed limits of 80 km / h outside of town, 110 km / h on freeway-like expressways and 130 km / h on highways ). The actual average speed is only 43 km / h on working days. Nevertheless, it has structurally separate directional lanes and eight lanes , four lanes each on the inner ring and four on the outer ring, which is why it is comparable to a (ring) motorway .
Unlike most other intersection-free roads such as motorways and motorway-like expressways in France and other countries, the rule on the boulevard périphérique is that at each entrance the traffic in the merging lane has right of way over the right of the four lanes. The vehicles in the right-hand lane may actually have to brake, give right of way and allow them to merge, as a solid line is drawn on the lane at the level of the merging lane between the first (far right) and second (from the right) lane, which is intended to prevent that in the right-hand lane, vehicles that have been slowed down by "threader" switch to the second lane, thereby breaking the flow of traffic.
There are three main reasons for this regulation, which is not typical for the motorway:
- Habit: The “ right-before-left rule ” is already common in inner-city areas
- Lack of space: the threading strips are very short
- Traffic flow: The traffic should be able to flow quickly on the boulevard périphérique . The regulation will shorten traffic jams on feeder roads and traffic on the Boulevard Périphérique itself will also remain in flux.
literature
- Des Fortifs au Périf , exhibition catalog of the Pavillon de l'Arsenal, Paris 1992
- Robert Schediwy: City Pictures. Reflections on change in architecture and urbanism , Vienna 2005, pp. 185 ff., ISBN 3-8258-7755-8
Web links
- Le Périphérique on www.paris.fr
- Pictures of the Boulevard périphérique (French)
- Master's project, University of Bremen: City as Utopia - Paris, Boulevard Périphérique
Individual evidence
- ↑ Julien Demade, Les embarras de Paris, ou l'illusion techniciste de la politique parisienne des déplacements , Paris, L'Harmattan, pp. 81 and 114.
- ↑ La vitesse at 70 km / h sur le périphérique parisien définitivement confirmée en justice. In: L'Express . October 14, 2015, accessed January 31, 2017 (French).