Alteinöd Castle
| Alteinöd Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 Gouache by Franz Kurz zum Thurn and Goldenstein from the middle of the 19th century |
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| Alternative name (s): | Einöd, Ainöd, Ainödt, Seleni Grag, Grad Stara Soteska | |
| Creation time : | before 1300 | |
| Castle type : | Hillside or spur castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Place: | Soteska | |
| Geographical location | 45 ° 46 ′ 26 " N , 15 ° 0 ′ 28" E | |
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The once mighty medieval Alteinöd Castle (Slovene: Grad Stara Soteska ) near the town of Loška vas (German: Sankt Martin in der Au ), part of the municipality of Dolenjske Toplice (German: Töplitz ) in today's Slovenia , belonged to the Neustädtl district in Lower Carniola in the Middle Ages , was originally called Ainöd and is now a castle ruin hidden under trees and scrub . The name Alteinöd came up after a representative and well-fortified castle was built on the opposite bank of the Gurk in the present day Soteska (Eng. Ainödt , also Einöd in the Lower Carniola ), also part of the Dolenjske Toplice municipality and from then on took over the name Ainöd .
location
The castle rose on a steep, now wooded ledge on the right bank of the Krka ( Gurk ) opposite the village of Soteska (in German 'gorge', 'Talenge'). The valley appears very narrow here, the surrounding mountains reach up to 500 meters above the valley floor, which is why the traffic on the Gurk was of particular importance. If you use a raft or boat, halfway between Žužemberk ( Seisenburg ) and Novo mesto ( Neustädtel ) you will come across the barely 900 meters long valley strait near Soteska, where old trade routes and paths crossed the river: there was a path on the left bank , which, coming from Weichselburg, connected Carniola with the Windischen Mark . One path continues along the river to Novo mesto and a third across the river past Rožek ( Rossek ) to Črnomelj ( Tschernembl ) in the Bela krajina ( White Mark ). Today's roads 214 and 216 mark the location of the former main trade routes, these were looking for the cheapest possible ascent or detour to conquer the mountains. Due to the topography of the site, however, it was also possible in the vicinity of the castle to climb through a narrow side valley rising to the south to the summit of the southern mountains. The modern forest and hiking trails also use this ascent.
In his geographical description published in 1689, Valvasor describes the location of the castle in the following words:
“It seems to have produced the German name from this place opportunity (location); Since it was a real wasteland, surrounded by high mountains and impassable forests, representing a warm wilderness, which of surrounding houses and pleasure-smiling construction fields, completely empty and robbed of these pleasures. "
history
The place name Ainöd appears for the first time in 1145; The castle should not have existed at that time. Alteinöd Castle was first mentioned in 1311 in a list of the possessions of Duke Heinrich of Carinthia : “the taeber with the vest to the Ainöde”. The term Taeber comes from the Slovenian word Tabor , in this context it means defensive wall , fortified church and fortification .
Alteinöd Castle was the ancestral seat of the Lords of Ainöd at the beginning of the 14th century . At that time it was under the rule of the Counts of Gorizia . When and by whom the castle was built is not known according to the current state of research. On the basis of the still existing building structure, Stopar concludes that the beginnings of the castle can be found in the 12th century.
Kos does not rule out that Ainöd was under the rule of the Weichselberg until 1209 and under the rule of the Andechs until 1228 .
Although the castle was defensive, it was probably conquered and destroyed by the Cillier field captain Jan Vitovec in 1438 , and then rebuilt by the owners. From a letter from 1495 it emerges that the then owner of the castle, Georg von Scheyer, chased the tutor of his daughter Katharina, with whom she had fallen in love, from the castle and handed him over to a relative who drowned him. The daughter Katharina lived the rest of her life in the Michelstetten Monastery as a nun .
In the 19th century, Austro-Hungarian maps show the forest between the towns of Žužemberk and Novo mesto as the Alteinöd forest district .
Structural condition
Only remnants of the once mighty castle can be seen. The core castle consisted of the palace in the form of a Romanesque round keep with a leaning crenellated shield wall , surrounded by two parallel walls of a presumed kennel and several round towers in the outer wall.
Valvasor further reports:
- "The castle itself was built three times into one another, and the walls and fortress ruins still visible show how splendidly ancient and well-preserved this now destroyed castle has been. Above all else, the prisons hewn into the hardest rock are worthy of admiration; in which Turkish prisoners were quartered in front of them. Those who then feared and shied away from this fortress because of the poor hospitality and untidy rooms, which is also why it was given a special name Seleni Grad, which is green castle. The name of this fortress was known by the Turks today. "
owner
Valvasor names the first known owners of the castle Rudolf and Ulrich von Ainöd, who lived there around 1231. The castle remained the property of Ainödt until 1444. Around this time Margarethe von Ainödt married Caspar I von Scheyer. With the marriage of Felizitas von Scheyer to Adam von Gallenberg around 1600, Alteinöd came to this family, who remained the owners of the castle until 1733. Around 1644 Georg Siegmund von Gallenberg built the new castle on the left bank of the Gurk, which was now called Ainödt. His son and heir, Count Siegfried Balthasar, sold both to Count Dismas von Auersperg in 1733 .
Illustrations
- Franz von Kurz zum Thurn and Goldenstein , Stara Soteska - Alteinöd around 1860; Gouache and Indian ink, original in the Graphic Cabinet at the National Museum in Ljubljana, inventory no. 7341, (images in: Majda Smole, Graščine, p. 454).
- JW von Valvasor: Alteinöd Kupferstich In: Die Ehre des Hertzogthums Crain. Volume II, XI. Book, p. 12.
literature
- Ivan Stopar: Castles and Chateaux in Slovenia . Ljubljana 1989, ISBN 86-361-0628-1 , pp. 261-264.
- Majda Smole: Graščine na nekdanjem Kranjskem . Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana 1982, OCLC 11723663 (Slovenian, sistory.si ).
- Josef Karl Kindermann, Christoph Junker (engraver), Gerhard Michael Dienes: The province of Inner-Austria or the duchies of Steyermark, Kaernten and Krain, the counties of Goerz and Gradisca and the German-Austrian littoral . In: Atlas of Inneroesterreich . Archiv-Verlag, Vienna 2005.
Web links
- Soteska (Stara Soteska castle) - Einöd on gradovi.net (English)
- destinacije.com ( Memento from January 21, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Weichard von Valvasor : sheet Alteinöd . In: The honor of the duchy of Crain , that is, true, thorough, and quite proper evidence and quality of this magnificent Roman-Keyserlichen hereditary land . Volume II, XI. Book. Laybach (Ljubljana) 1689, p. 12 ( catalog entry at Cobiss).
- ↑ Ivan Stopar: castles in Slovenia . Cankarjeva Založba, Ljubljana 1987, ISBN 86-361-0280-4 (Slovenian: Gradovi na Slovenskem, Cankarjeva založba .).
- ↑ Dušan Kos: Knights and Castles . Založba, Ljubljana 2005, ISBN 961-6500-82-1 (Slovenian: Vitez in Grad. Vloga gradov v življenju plemstva na Kranjskem, slovenskem Štajerskem in slovenskem Koroškem do začetka 15. stoletja .).