Karpień Castle

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Karpenstein castle ruins.

The ruin of Karpenstein Castle ( Zamek Karpień in Polish ) is located in the Powiat Kłodzki in the Reichenstein Mountains in Poland. The area belongs to the municipality of Lądek-Zdrój ( Bad Landeck ). Below the castle, the village of Karpenstein was created in 1571–1578 , which was initially called "Kratzdorf".

Karpenstein Castle


A - inner courtyard
B - castle courtyard
S - stables
W - tower
1 - donjon
2 - washroom
3 - kitchen
4 - food storage cellar

The castle was built as a fortified knight's seat to secure the Bohemian border towards the principality of Neisse and was first mentioned in 1346. She was the headquarters of the rule of the same name, was designed to protect an ancient trade route from Moravia over the square Berger Pass (Czech Kladské sedlo ) into the Kingdom of Bohemia owned land Glatzer led and was charged for by the lords inches. The name of the castle goes back to the von Glubos family, who belonged to the Karpenstein rulership until 1351 and whose family coat of arms showed a golden carp on a blue background.

The castle was located at a height of 776 m on a spur of the Ringelstein that fell steeply on three sides. A deep moat was built on the western side to protect the castle. The castle was accessed through the castle gate in the north of the complex. The stables and the rooms for the crew and servants were outside the actual castle. The entire castle complex was about 70 m wide and about 30 m wide. In 1428 the castle was damaged by the Hussites .

During the reign of Hynek Kruschina von Lichtenburg , people who had been abducted were held captive at the castle. In addition, Hynek undertook robbery raids and looting into the episcopal principality of Neisse from here. Therefore, the castle was conquered and destroyed on June 15 and 16, 1443 by Wroclaw Bishop Konrad von Oels and his allied Silesian princes. After that it was not rebuilt. The ruins came to the town of Landeck in 1684, which had owned the forest below the castle since the beginning of the 16th century.

In 1847 excavations were carried out for the first time, from 1882 several walls, corridors and door openings were exposed and coins, daggers, horseshoes etc. a. Antiquities found. The work was funded by the Landecker Verschönerungsverein and the Glatzer Gebirgsverein , who also built a lookout tower next to the castle ruins in 1885. The uncovered remains of the ruin can be viewed.

Ownership of the Karpenstein lordship

The first known owner was Thamo von Glubos, who died in 1337. He was followed by his son of the same name, Thamo d. J. († 1345). In 1346, the Bohemian King Johann von Luxemburg enfeoffed the brothers Otto, Reinczko and Nickel von Glubos with the castle and the associated rule. Because of over-indebtedness Karpenstein came to Frisco von Talewitz in 1352, from whom it passed to Mersan von Parchowitz. With financial support from the cities, the nobility and the knights, the later emperor Charles IV bought back the castle and rule in 1353 and promised never to separate both from the crown of Bohemia . However, only a year later he lent the castle and the associated property to his brother Johann von Moravia . He determined that the castle and the lordship were an inseparable inheritance from the Bohemian Crown and that neither Johann nor his heirs were allowed to sell or pledge the estate. After Johann's death in 1378, Charles IV left the castle and rule to his nephew Jobst von Moravia for usufruct . He handed it over to the brothers Konrad and Eberhard von Nymancz as a fief in 1400 . Presumably as a settled fiefdom , the castle fell back to the Bohemian King Wenceslaus around 1408 . The Schaffgotsch family is documented as the owner for 1412 . In 1431 King Sigismund handed over the rule of Karpenstein to the Governor of Glatzer, Puta the Elder. J. von Častolowitz for pleasure, from which it passed to his widow Anna von Kolditz after his death in 1434 . In 1440 she sold her possessions to the Bohemian nobleman Hynek Kruschina von Lichtenburg , whom she married in the same year. As pledge master of the County of Glatz, he was the last owner of the Karpenstein estate.

Lords of the castle

Karpenstein was mostly administered by the lords of the castle. For 1382 the captain Puta the Elder of Častolowitz is proven as lord of the castle, for 1396 a Castellan Pertoldus, followed by Wolfhard von Rachenau. In 1410 a burgrave Nietsche was in office, then Wolfhard von Rachenau again, who led the Silesian troops against the Hussites in 1421.

Territory of the Karpenstein rule

When sold to the Glubos brothers in 1346, the following localities are mentioned as belonging to the Karpenstein lordship:

Other places of the Karpenstein rule were:

Landeck district

After the castle was destroyed, the Karpenstein rule was dissolved. The associated localities fell as chamber villages to the crown of Bohemia. Subsequently, the area was called District Landeck , which largely corresponded to today's political communities Lądek-Zdrój ( Bad Landeck ) and Stronie Śląskie ( Seitendorf ). In the 16th and beginning of the 17th century the chamber villages Karpenstein , Heidelberg , Bielendorf , Wilhelmsdorf , Johannesberg , Kamnitz , Klessengrund , Mühlbach , Neumohrau , Heudorf u. a. created. In 1684 the Bohemian Chamber sold the chamber villages of the Landeck district to various owners.

literature

Web links

Commons : Karpień Castle  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marek Šebela, Jiři Fišer: České Názvy hraničních Vrchů, Sídel a vodních toků v Kladsku . In: Kladský sborník 5, 2003, p. 383
  2. ↑ Ondřej Felcman (ed.): Dějiny východních Čech , Praha 2009, ISBN 978-80-7422-003-6 , p. 342
  3. ↑ after a "map of the Glatzer country until 1420", mentioned on p. 16 by Richard Hauck: Bad Landeck / Schlesien . Gluing 1973

Coordinates: 50 ° 19 ′ 51.5 ″  N , 16 ° 55 ′ 24.5 ″  E