Unterdrauburg Castle
| Unterdrauburg Castle | ||
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 The palace of the ruins of Unterdrauburg |
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| Alternative name (s): | Castrum Trahburck, Traburg Castle, Untertraburg Castle, Buchenstein Castle, Grad Tráberk, Grad Dravograd | |
| Creation time : | around 1150 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Counts, high nobility | |
| Construction: | Placement stones, hewn and uncut, mortared | |
| Place: | Dravograd | |
| Geographical location | 46 ° 35 '35 " N , 15 ° 1' 6.4" E | |
| Height: | 475 m | |
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The Unterdrauburg is a medieval castle ruin above the Slovenian community Dravograd (German: Unterdrauburg ).
location
The ruins of the hilltop castle are located at a height of 475 m on the Schlossberg (Slovene: Grajski hrib ), which is on the outskirts of the city and on the northern bank of the Drava. It is 85 m above the city and offers a wide view of the Drau and Mießen valleys. In the Middle Ages it controlled trade on the Drava and Mieß (Slovene: Meža ) as well as the ford across the Drava.
Surname
The castle was first mentioned as castrum Trahburck . Later the name Unterdrauburg prevailed because it indicated the end of the Drau in the Duchy of Carinthia ; in contrast to Oberdrauburg , where the Drau flows into Carinthia. The name Buchenstein Castle was used less often . In Slovene the castle was called Grad Tráberk until 1945 , after the Slovene name for Unterdrauburg. From 1945 the name grad Dravograd was introduced, the basis of the name change was a law from 1948 that provided for the renaming of all religious and German names for places, squares and streets.
history
The first written evidence of the Unterdrauburg report on a legal dispute : The abbot of the St. Paul monastery in Lavanttal complained to Pope Alexander III on August 9, 1177 . that the castrum Trahburck was illegally built on the grounds of the monastery. Cholo I (also: Kolo I) von Trixen , a Styrian ministerial who was related to the Spanheimers and who had the castle built before 1161, was charged . An Ortolfus senior de Traberch is reported in a document around 1161 . The Pope then commissioned the Archbishop of Salzburg , Konrad III. von Wittelsbach and the bishop of Gurk , Roman von Leibnitz , with the destruction of the castle. However, because Pope Alexander III. was in dispute with Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa and the Salzburg bishopric was disputed, the castle was not demolished. Since Cholo could no longer be driven out, the St. Paul Abbey made a settlement between 1180 and 1190 with Cholo and his brother Heinrich I von Trixen: The area remained under the suzerainty of the Abbey and the Trixener family kept the castle and the surrounding area as a fief . The castle became more and more important, so that Otto I von Trixen also called himself Otto von Traberch in 1208. So did his descendants.
In 1261 the Trixen family died out (according to other sources in 1278) and Count Heinrich von Pfannberg acquired the Unterdrauburg as a fiefdom of the St. Paul monastery in exchange for a cash payment. After Heinrich's death in 1282, the castle was inherited by his eldest son Herrmann, who died in 1286 or 1287. His wife was Elisabeth von Heunburg , the daughter Ulrich II. Von Heunburg , so that from 1286/87 Count Ulrich II. Was the owner of the castle. In 1303 Elisabeth married Heinrich von Hohenlohe and brought the Unterdrauburg rulership as a dowry into her second marriage.
1304, Duke Heinrich of Carinthia recognized the old feudal rights of the St. Paul monastery for castle and lordship. His successor, the Duke of Carinthia and Carniola , Otto III. Shortly afterwards he acquired the lordship and castle of Unterdrauburg from Abbot Weriand. This temporarily ended the relationship between the monastery and the Unterdrauburg. Otto III. pledged the castle to his Misterial Konrad III after the purchase . from Auffenstein . Conrad III. had the castle rebuilt until 1328, the costs were offset against the pledge under Duke Heinrich IV of Carinthia . Konrad died in 1368 at the Battle of Bleiburg when he was involved in an uprising against the Habsburg dukes Albrecht III. and Leopold III. participated.
In 1368 the castle came to the Habsburgs , who gave the rule of Unterdrauburg to the Stubenbergs . In 1375 the castle and rule of Unterdrauburg was awarded to Johann von Liechtenstein . Twelve years later it was given as a fief to Count Hermann II von Cilli in 1387 . Castle and territory remain with the Counts of Cilli until the last Count of Cilli Ulrich II dies on November 9, 1456. According to the inheritance contract, the castle and the lordship fell back to the Habsburgs, who owned it until 1613.
In that year the Prince-Bishop of Lavant , Georg III. von Palmburg , Unterdrauburg for his diocese. On June 8, 1629 Abbot Hieronymus Marchstaller was able to acquire the castle and lordship of Unterdrauburg again for the St. Paul monastery for 20,000 guilders. In the second half of the 18th century a fire destroyed large parts of the castle; but it was immediately rebuilt.
On April 10, 1787, under Emperor Joseph II, the St. Paul Monastery was dissolved as part of the Josephine church reform and its possessions were sold. Count Alois von Kuenburg came into possession of the area. The Kuenburger sold the castle in 1838 to David Dumreicher (wrongly Sumreicher), who gave up the castle in 1846 and let it deteriorate.
The castle ruins are in poor condition today. It stands since December 6, 1996 under monument protection .
description
The castle was oriented to the northwest-southeast, so that from the main tower of the core castle one had a view of the confluence of the Mieß in the Drau and of the place lying on the river including the bridge over the Drau. The plant was approximately 66 m long and 18 m wide. Only the foundation walls of the former square keep with an external length of approx. 7 m have been preserved. Of the outer bailey , which adjoined it to the southeast, only remains of the southern wall are left. The outer bailey was approximately 40 m long and 20 m wide. The residential tower , of which three outer walls are still standing, is best preserved , the inner wall to the castle courtyard has collapsed. The tower had external dimensions of 9 m by 12.5 m. The entire castle area is currently (as of 2020) overgrown with trees and its preservation is at risk.
literature
- Jakič, Ivan: Vsi slovenski gradovi ( All Slovenian castles ), Ljubljana 1999, p. 97 f.
- Dušan Kos: In castle and town. Late medieval nobility in Carniola and Lower Styria , Vienna and Munich 2006, pp. 319–321
- Ivan Stopar: Grajske stavbe v vzhodni Sloveniji - Med Solčavskim in Kobanskim ( castles in eastern Slovenia between Solčava (Sulzbach) and Kobansko (Poßruck)) , Viharnik, Ljubljana 1993.
Historical pictures of the Unterdrauburg
Unterdrauburg around 1800; Etching by F. Runk and J. Ziegler.
Unterdrauburg 1860; Drawing by Markus Pernhart.
Postcard from 1899 with market and castle Unterdrauburg
The castle ruins in 1906; painted by Otto Piper.
Web links
- Degree Dravograd | Unterdrauburg Castle on burgenwelt.org
- Dravograd on the website Kulturdreieck Südkärnten
Individual evidence
- ↑ Spremembe naselij 1948–95 (German: change of settlement names 1948–1995). 1996. Database. Ljubljana: Geografski inštitut ZRC SAZU, DZS.
- ↑ http://www.gradovi.net/grad/dravograd_grad
- ↑ http://web.archive.org/web/20170703092158/http://www.mocis.si/files/delightful-downloads/2016/06/Brosura_Gradovi.pdf
- ↑ https://adw-goe.de/en/digital-library/hoefe-und-residenzen-im-spaetmittelalterlichen-reich/gsn/rf15_IV-1608/
- ↑ Certificate number 104 in the archive of St. Paul Abbey
- ↑ Christian Domenig: Tuon kundt. The Counts of Cilli in their documents , University of Klagenfurt, January 2004, p. 316
- ↑ Certificate, signature 1375 in the archive of St. Paul Abbey
- ^ Carinthia - Journal of Patriotic Studies, Instruction and Entertainment , No. 7 and 8
- ^ Beda Schroll: Das Benediktiner-Stift St. Paul , Klagenfurt 1876, p. 173
- ↑ Mlinarič, Jože: Kartuziji Žiče in Jurklošter ( chartreuse Zice (Seitz village) and Jurk Loster (Gairach) ); Založba Obzorja Maribor. st. 456; 1991. COBISS 29339137. ISBN 86-377-0587-1
- ^ Carinthia - weekly paper for patriotic studies, instruction and entertainment , Klagenfurt 1845, p. 82
- ↑ Dušan Kos: In castle and town. Late medieval nobility in Carniola and Lower Styria , Vienna and Munich 2006, pp. 319–321
- ↑ "Opis enote nepremične cult urn dediščine, evidenčna številka 7387". Pregledovalnik Registra nepremične cultures dediščine. Ministrstvo RS za kulturo. ( Cultural heritage entry number 738. Viewer of the register of immovable cultural heritage. Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia )