Canton Tower

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Canton Tower
广州 塔
Image of the object
Guangzhou Tower
Basic data
Place: Guangzhou
Province: Guangdong
Country: People's Republic of China
Altitude : 2  m
Coordinates: 23 ° 6 ′ 32.5 ″  N , 113 ° 19 ′ 8.6 ″  E
Use: TV tower , observation tower , revolving restaurants , various entertainment facilities
Accessibility: TV tower open to the public
Tower data
Construction time : 2005-2010
Total height : 600  m
Viewing platforms: 33  m , 459 m
Data on the transmission system
Position map
Canton Tower (Guangdong)
Canton Tower
Canton Tower
Localization of Guangdong in China

The Canton Tower ( Chinese  广州电视观光塔 ; Pinyin: Guǎngzhōu Dianshi Guānguāngtǎ) is a television and observation tower in Chinese Guangzhou and 600 meters, the fifth-highest building in the world.

The extraordinary architecture consists of a hyperbolic structure of two offset ellipses and was designed in a cooperation between the Dutch architectural office Information Based Architecture (IBA) and the London engineering office Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Ltd (Aruba) .

history

The tower during construction (November 2007)

Between April and August 2004 an international tender for the construction of a television and observation tower took place, which the Guangzhou Construction Investment & Development Co, Ltd, Guangzhou TV station had put out to tender . The competition was won by the IBA and Aruba consortium , made up of Mark Hemel and Barbara Kuit from Information Based Architecture (IBA), together with Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Ltd (Aruba). The foundation stone was laid on November 23, 2005, and work on the foundation continued until December 2006.

The construction of the steel structure began in December 2006. The nodes and the tubes were prefabricated in a factory in Shanghai and brought to the construction site by truck. After pre-assembling the elements on the tower with bolts, the connections were welded together and then the bolts were burned out. After the first six rings were assembled with the supports up to this height and the pipes, the supports were filled with concrete for reasons of stability and fire protection. The tower was erected with five cranes up to a height of 100 meters. Then the three cranes attached to the outside were dismantled and the structure and core with the two remaining cranes completed. All rings are inclined at 15 degrees. The elliptical concrete core has a short diagonal of 15.6 and a long one of 18.6 meters.

Originally, the tower in the south-eastern city should have been completed in late summer 2007. However, work on the concrete core of the tower shaft was not completed until August 2008. The last ring element made of steel was attached on November 23, 2008, with which the tower had reached its structural height of 459.2 meters with the viewing and entertainment deck. The top, initially around 160 meters high, consists of four gray mast segments and a thin, red, white and red painted antenna that is 80 meters high. The antenna assembled inside the mast was extended out of the mast on May 5, 2009, bringing the tower to its original final height of 610 meters. In July 2010, however, the top segment of the mast was pulled in by 10 meters directly below the radio antenna, so that the height of the Canton Tower is 600 meters. This is based on the fact that, according to official information, an officially prescribed height limit of 600 meters has been set in order to ensure airspace safety over Guangzhou.

Since then, the tower during the construction period the CN Tower with 553 meters height in the Canadian Toronto as the highest television tower has replaced, he was the tallest TV tower in the world and the second-tallest free-standing structure in the world. He lost the rank of the highest television tower on March 18, 2011 to the Tokyo Sky Tree , which is 634 meters high. Since then it has been the fifth tallest free-standing structure in the world after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai (830 meters), the Tōkyō Sky Tree in Tokyo (634 meters), the Shanghai Tower (632 meters) in Shanghai and the Mecca Royal Clock Tower Hotel in Mecca ( 601 meters).

The interior fittings of the tower were maintained until the beginning of the XVI. Asian Games completed on November 12, 2010. The tower is designed for up to 5 million visitors annually, 10,000 visitors a day are expected. The construction costs are given at 2.2 billion yuan , the equivalent of about 245 million euros . According to the IBA architects' office , the opening ceremony took place on September 29, 2010 and a light show on the evening of the 30th. The tower has been open to the public since October 1st, and 12,000 visitors are expected every day.

description

The Canton Tower at night
View from the financial center

The Canton Tower comprises a total of 37 levels above ground and two levels below the zero line to a depth of 10 meters. In the 39 levels, in addition to the technical rooms and viewing levels common for a television and observation tower, there are exhibition rooms, a conference center, a cinema, restaurants, cafés, teahouses, garden levels and other entertainment options. The main technical area for supplying the tower is located on the lowest level at the base in the second basement. In the first basement there is a museum, a hall with a gastronomic offer, souvenir shops and a footpath to the north bank of the river. This level is also the access level with a parking lot for 600 passenger vehicles and tourist buses and the connection to public transport with an underground and bus station. The second entrance area is on the first level above ground (zero height). The building is accessed vertically with panoramic elevators and high-speed double-decker elevators, which also serve both access levels.

The grid-like structure of the ring elements forms the tower in the manner of an elongated hourglass with several viewing platforms, starting at a height of 32.8 meters. Fully glazed boxes with a cross-section of an inverted triangle are attached to the closed platforms. The highest of the platforms is at a height of 459.2 meters. The base of this uppermost open viewing platform is an ellipse with the main axis 54 meters and the minor axis 42 meters. This platform is structured in the form of a lecture hall . The pod ride is located on the associated ring, which is inclined at the highest 15 degrees , and 16 spherical, glass viewing cabins, 3.2 meters high, slowly drive along it, comparable to a lying Ferris wheel .

The tower has additional viewing platforms at heights of 32.8, 116, 168 and 454 meters. Dining areas with restaurants, cafes and teahouses are set up on several levels. On the levels at 417.6 and 428 meters there are two revolving restaurants , at 407.2 meters there is a "VIP restaurant" for a total of 200 people with ten separate rooms that can be rented separately. In the intermediate zone between 80 and 170 meters there is a 4D cinema , an arcade area, restaurants, cafes and open-air gardens with teahouses. Between the platforms at 170 and 350 meters, there is an open staircase, called a skywalk , around the concrete core.

background

Canton Tower in the evening

The two architects, Mark Hemel and Barbara Kuit, wanted to create a new type of tower that contrasts the previous towers with “male characteristics” with a “female form”, a “female tower”:

“Where most skyscrapers bear 'male' features; being introvert, strong, straight, rectangular, and based on repetition, we wanted to create a 'female' tower being complex, transparent, curvy and gracious. " “Our aim was to design a free-form tower with a rich and human-like identity that would represent Guangzhou as a dynamic and exciting city. We therefore wanted it to be non-symmetrical so that the building would look as if 'in movement' and 'alive'. The result is a tower like a 'sexy female', the very reason that earned her the nickname: 'super-model'. "

- Mark Hemel, architect and director of IBA

The Canton Tower as a twisted hyperbolic structure corresponds to the Russian imperial patent No. 1896, dated March 12, 1899, of the Russian engineer and architect Vladimir Schuchow . He designed the Adschihol lighthouse in the Dnepr delta ( Ukraine ) , which the Canton Tower is similar to.

See also

literature

  • Friedrich von Borries , Matthias Böttger, Florian Heilmeyer: TV Towers - television towers, 8,559 meters in politics and architecture , Jovis Verlag 2009, ISBN 978-3-86859-024-1 , pages 234–243.
  • Waisted tower. Guangzhou TV Tower. In: Consulting engineers , ISSN  0005-8866 , Volume 41, No. 7/8, 2011, pages 42-45.
  • Canton Tower in Guangzhou . In: Detail , ISSN  0011-9571 , Volume 50, No. 11, 2010, Pages 1154–1155.

Web links

Commons : Canton Tower  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Project information from Arup, London
  2. ↑ Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower - (Hai Xin tower). Canton Tower page on Information Based Architecture's website . Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  3. ↑ a b c Guangzhou TV-tower - Factsheet (PDF; 18 kB) ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Canton Tower website set up by the IBA architects' office . Retrieved October 5, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gztvtower.info
  4. ↑ a b Canton Tower - construction process ( Memento of the original dated November 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the IBA website , 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.d1053766.mydomainwebhost.com
  5. ↑ The 15 degree inclination of the rings is apparently the reason that all height values ​​are given as “+ [value] m”.
  6. ↑ Guangzhou TV-tower - Structural description (PDF; 33 kB) ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Canton Tower website set up by the IBA architects' office . Retrieved October 5, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gztvtower.info
  7. ↑ Guangzhou to build world's tallest TV tower. In: China Daily, November 14, 2004.
  8. ↑ 世界 第一 高塔 诞生 了 ( The tallest tower in the world has been built. ) In: gxcic.net, June 19, 2009 (Chinese).
  9. ↑ a b Description Guangzhou TV-tower (PDF) ( Memento of the original from March 31, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the IBA website , 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.d1053766.mydomainwebhost.com
  10. ↑ Photo of the spire on pic.qnpic.com, ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. August 1st 2010. The double image shows that the upper gray part of the mast below the antenna is shorter in the actual height (drawn into the lower part of the mast) than in the illustration on the left with the original height. Retrieved October 5, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pic.qnpic.com
  11. ↑ news.carnoc.com (Chinese)
  12. ^ Canton TV tower - Mark Hemel + Barbara Kuit. Project information from the IBA architects' office . Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  13. ↑ a b c d Guangzhou TV-tower - Tower-Description (PDF; 63 kB) ( Memento of the original from July 8, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Canton Tower website set up by the IBA architects' office . Retrieved October 5, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gztvtower.info
  14. ↑ a b Canton Tower - Observation Decks ( Memento of the original from September 19, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the Canton Tower website set up by the IBA architects' office . Retrieved October 5, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gztvtower.info
  15. ↑ a b c Canton Tower - Top Deck on the Canton Tower website set up by the IBA architects' office (English). Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  16. ↑ The world's highest pearl necklace, Guangzhou gets a horizontal ferris wheel. In: baunetz.de, March 19, 2009. Retrieved June 17, 2009.
  17. ^ Canton Tower - Restaurants on the Canton Tower website set up by the IBA architects' office (English). Retrieved October 5, 2010.
  18. ^ Rainer Graefe, Institute for Foreign Relations in cooperation with the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (ed.): Vladimir Grigor'evič Šuchov: 1853 - 1939. The art of economical construction. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1990, pp. 78-103 and 177, ISBN 3-421-02984-9 .