Caroline Rudolphi

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Caroline Rudolphi

Caroline Rudolphi (born August 24, 1753, probably in Magdeburg as Carolina Christiana Louisa Rudolphi ; † April 15, 1811 in Heidelberg ) was a German educator, poet and writer.

Life

Caroline Rudolphi grew up in poor conditions in Potsdam. The father died early. From 1763 she had to earn a living for herself and her mother by making handicrafts. Their training was largely self-taught. She wrote poems, fables and songs. As a poet she was discovered and promoted by the royal Prussian conductor Johann Friedrich Reichardt . He set a number of her poems to music and brought out a first collection. In 1778 Caroline Rudolphi took over the upbringing of five daughters of the von Röpert family in Trollenhagen .

Four of the girls accompanied her when she went to Trittau in 1783 . This laid the foundation for an own educational institute. In the summer of 1784 she moved to Billwerder and (Hamburg-) Hamm and took her brother Ludwig with her as a male tutor. After his death, the physicist and astronomer Johann Friedrich Benzenberg was responsible for teaching science for a while.

In just a few years, Caroline Rudolphi's boarding school blossomed into a well-known institute for the education of girls. She was close friends with Elise Reimarus and belonged to the circle around the Sieveking and Reimarus families . Her institute became a meeting point for personalities such as Matthias Claudius , Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock , Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi , Carl Leonhard Reinhold and Jens Immanuel Baggesen .

In 1803 she moved to Heidelberg with some of her students. There she continued her successful work as an educator and also founded a sociable center here. Her guests included the protagonists of Heidelberg Romanticism , Achim von Arnim and Clemens Brentano with his wife, Sophie Mereau , and Friedrich Creuzer and Ludwig Tieck were also among the visitors. She stayed in contact with Brentano after he left Heidelberg, because she had taken his stepdaughter, Hulda Mereau, into her care after her mother's death.

Rudolphi also had a close relationship with the family of Johann Heinrich Voss , the classicist, Homer translator and controversial opponent of the Romantics. His wife, Ernestine Voss , was one of her friends, and the youngest son, Abraham Voss , was a tutor in her institute for a time and later published her papers .

After her death in 1811, Emilie Heins , a long-time student and assistant, took over the management of the boarding school, which she continued with her older sister until the 1830s. The institute's reputation as a philanthropist lasted to the end.

Act

Caroline Rudolphi made a name for herself as a poet with three volumes of poetry that appeared in 1781, 1787 and 1796. From 1805 she devoted herself as a writer to the subject of female upbringing and the role of women in society. In her two-volume painting female education (1807), a letter novel in the form of fictional letters from educator Selma to her former student Emma, ​​she developed her educational concept .

In the tradition of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi , she followed the principle of natural upbringing and advocated the free development of the natural powers of the child. One of her most important teaching methods was the Socratic Dialogue , the questioning-developing conversation with which she earned the nickname "female Socrates". In several anonymously written articles in the Journal for German Women, written by German women who can be assigned to Rudolphi, she did not question the traditional female role as spouse and mother, but advocated women's equal rights to education.

The written papers of Caroline Rudolphi appeared posthumously in 1835 . Her painting of female education had three further editions by 1857. An early poem, the ode "To God", was set to music by Johann Heinrich Tobler in 1835 and later introduced as a parish song for the Swiss canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden . “ Das Bächlein ”, falsely attributed to Goethe for a long time and set to music several times in the 19th and 20th centuries, presumably came from her.

Works

  • Poems by Karoline Christiane Louise Rudolphi. Ed. For some melod. regarding v. Johann Friederich Reichardt. Berlin 1781 (2nd edition Wolfenbüttel 1787).
  • Poems by Karoline Christiane Louise Rudolphi. Second collection. Along with some melodies. Edited by Joachim Heinrich Campe. Brunswick 1787.
  • New collection of poems by Caroline Rudolphi. Leipzig 1796.
  • Karoline Rudolphi all poems. New edition Vienna a. Prague 1805.
  • Letters about female education. [anonymous] In: Journal for German women written by German women. 1 (1805). H. 5, pp. 9-50; H. 7, pp. 46-82; H. 8, pp. 1-43 [1.-16. Letter reprinted in: Painting of Female Education (1807)].
  • Is there also friendship among women? [signed: Helena S. ]. In: Journal for German women written by German women. 1 (1805). H. 8, pp. 54-66. [Reprinted in: Written estate of Caroline Rudolphi. Edited by Abraham Voss. Heidelberg 1835. pp. 67-80.]
  • Femininity. A conversation. [signed: Helena S. (author of the letters on female education in the first year) ] In: Journal for German women written by German women. 2 (1806). H. 5, pp. 15-34.
  • Painting of female education. 2 vols. Heidelberg 1807 (1st volume as digitized and full text in the German Text Archive , 2nd volume as digitized and full text in the German Text Archive ) (2nd edition 1815, 3rd edition 1838, 4th edition 1857; translations: Haarlem 1807; Stockholm 1811).
  • Written estate of Caroline Rudolphi. Edited by Abraham Voss. Heidelberg 1835.

Commemoration

literature

  • Binder .:  Rudolphi, Karoline . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 579 f.
  • Otto Rüdiger : Caroline Rudolphi. A German poet and educator, Klopstock's friend. Hamburg and Leipzig 1903.
  • Elke Kleinau, Christine Mayer: Caroline Rudolphi (1754-1811), Amalia Holst, b. by Justi (1758-1829) and Betty Gleim (1781-1827). In: Elke Kleinau; Christine Mayer (Ed.): Upbringing and education of the female sex. An annotated collection of sources on the educational and vocational history of girls and women. Volume 1. Weinheim 1996. pp. 70-75.
  • Elke Kleinau: Educators of the Enlightenment and their educational theories. In: Claudia Opitz , Ulrike Weckel, Elke Kleinau (eds.): Virtue, reason and feeling. Gender discourses of the Enlightenment and female worlds. Münster u. a. 2000, pp. 309-338.
  • Ursula Löhler-Lutterbeck, Monika Siedentopf: Lexicon of 1000 women. Verlag JHW Dietz Nachf. GmbH, Bonn 2000. ISBN 3-8012-0276-3 . P. 302 f.
  • Gudrun Loster-Schneider: "Let me still succeed in many little songs, That soft sister's souls once press on her bosom". On the poetry of the “educator” Caroline Rudolphi. In: Walter Salmen (ed.): Johann Friedrich Reichardt and the literature. Compose, correspond, publish. Olms, Hildesheim 2003. pp. 271-290.
  • Ilona Scheidle: A female Socrates. The educator Caroline Rudolphi (approx. 1750-1811). In: Heidelberg women who made history. Munich 2006, pp. 39–51.
  • Heidi Eisenhut: Caroline Rudolphi and the cultural-historical place of the Landsgemeindeliedes. In: Appenzeller calendar for the year 2009 , pp. 57–65.
  • Gudrun Perrey: The life of Caroline Rudolphi (1753-1811). Educator - writer - contemporary. Winter, Heidelberg 2010. ISBN 978-3-8253-5713-9 .

Web links

Wikisource: Caroline Christiane Louise Rudolphi  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ for the spelling of the first names and the year of birth cf. Regional Church Office Karlsruhe, Burial Register of the Providence Church Heidelberg ; see. Perrey (2010), pp. 9ff .; Information other than the year of birth is 1754, according to Ursula Löhler-Lutterbeck, Monika Siedentopf, Lexikon der 1000 Frauen , Verlag JHW Dietz Nachf. GmbH Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-8012-0276-3 , page 302
  2. ↑ Ursula Löhler-Lutterbeck, Monika Siedentopf, Lexicon of 1000 Women , Verlag JHW Dietz Nachf. GmbH Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-8012-0276-3 , page 302
  3. ↑ Elke Kleinau: Virtue, reason and feeling
  4. ↑ cf. Perrey (2010), p. 179ff.
personal data
SURNAME Rudolphi, Caroline
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rudolphi, Carolina Christiana Louisa (full name); Rudolphi, Caroline Christiane Louise
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German educator, poet and writer
DATE OF BIRTH August 24, 1753
PLACE OF BIRTH Magdeburg
DATE OF DEATH April 15, 1811
Place of death Heidelberg