Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus

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Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus; Painting by Friedrich Carl Gröger 1818.

Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus , also Johann Albrecht Hinrich Reimarus (born November 11, 1729 in Hamburg , † June 6, 1814 in Rantzau , Holstein ) was a Hamburg doctor, natural scientist and economist . Among his merits is the introduction of the smallpox vaccination in Hamburg and the "import" of the lightning rod from England to the European continent.

Life

Reimarus was the son of Hermann Samuel Reimarus and brother of the writer Elise Reimarus . His father was the author of the Wolfenbüttel fragments and a friend of Lessing , his mother Johanna Friederike was a daughter of Johann Albert Fabricius . His daughter Johanna from his first marriage became the wife of Georg Heinrich Sieveking ; his daughter Christine married in Neumühlen in 1796 the French diplomat and later Foreign Minister Karl Friedrich Reinhard from Schorndorf in Württemberg . In his second marriage, Reimarus was married to Sophia , the sister of August Adolph von Hennings .

"Joh: Alb: Hinr: Reimarus", Sieveking family grave complex, Ohlsdorf cemetery

From 1745 he attended grammar school and, according to his father's ideas, was supposed to prepare for a law degree. However, in 1752 he decided to study “ Arzeneiwissenschaft ” at the Georg-August University in Göttingen . In 1753 he went to Leiden ( Netherlands ) where, in addition to lectures on medicine, he also attended lectures on physics and botany. The acquaintance with English students studying there prompted him to go to England in 1754 to study anatomy. Together with Erasmus Darwin , James Keir and other students, they founded a society that later became the Edinburgh Medical Society . Reimarus went to London with Darwin in 1755 and studied with the anatomists William Hunter and James Douglas . There he got to know the smallpox vaccination.

Memorial plaque Althamburg Memorial Cemetery Ohlsdorf

In 1756 he went back to Holland, visited various cities and received his doctorate on April 29, 1757 at the University of Leiden (Diss. De tumore ligamentorum circa articulos fungo articulorum dicto) . Then he went back to Hamburg and established himself as a doctor. On January 30, 1759 he married Anna Marie Thorbecke, who died in 1762. From this marriage came a son, who died of typhus in 1785 , and a daughter. His second marriage had four children. Already 84 years old, he was forced to emigrate in 1813 because of the Napoleonic Wars . He found refuge with his brother-in-law August Adolph von Hennings, administrator of Rantzau. He died there on June 6, 1814.

In 1808 the Bavarian Academy of Sciences appointed him a corresponding member. In 1812 he was elected a foreign member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

Burial place and afterlife

At the Ohlsdorf cemetery , grid square S 25 / S 26 (area between Waldstrasse and Kapellenstrasse), the fragment of the sandstone stele for “Joh. Alb. Hinr. Reimarus ”, which had previously grown into the grass floor. The previously missing tombstone fragment for his wife Sophie Reimarus is now also in the stone collection.

In the area of ​​the Althamburg Memorial Cemetery, "Professors at the Gymnasium Academicum" commemorates Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus (and others) on the stone slab of the collective grave.

The botanist Johannes Flügge named a genus of grass Reimaria .

Fonts (selection)

As editor

  • Hermann Samuel Reimarus : General considerations about the instincts of animals, mainly about their artistic instincts ... , Hamburg 1760–1773.

Standalone fonts

  • Complaints of the peoples of the continent of Europe regarding the trade ban ... , Hamburg 1809.
  • Detailed regulations for lightning discharge on all buildings ... , Hamburg 1794. ( Full text of the third edition Hamburg 1797 at Wikisource)
  • Consideration of the publishing right in view of the reprint , Hamburg 1792.
  • The important question of the free import and export of grain, examined for nature , Hamburg, 1781, (octave format)
  • Reflections on the special kinds of animal art instincts published by his father, with a few comments . Hamburg, 1773, (octave format)
  • Answering the contribution to the advice on principles of action . 1771, (octave format)
  • The cause of the strike by lightning, along with its natural turning away from our buildings, based on reliable experience of thunderstorms , Hamburg 1768. ( Digitized and full text in the German text archive ; full text of the edition by Langensalza 1769 at Wikisource )
  • Principles of action for the true reception of the lands, and for the promotion of the happiness of their inhabitants, from nature and history examined . Hamburg, 1768, (octave format)

swell

  • "Honorable, good defender of human rights!" The correspondence between Adolph Freiherrn Knigge and Sophie and Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus 1791-1796 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-8353-3433-5 .
  • Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus: Description of life: drawn up by himself; together with the draft of a teleology intended for his lectures , ed. by Karl Sieveking , Hamburg 1814 (translation of the autobiography Joh. Alberti Henrici Reimari, originally written in Latin , […] De vita sua commentarius , posthumously edited by Johann Georg Büsch and Christian Adolf Klotz , Hamburg 1815), available online from the digitization center of Göttingen State and University Library.
  • David Veit: Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus after having completed fifty years of his medical career: A biographer. Contribution to Feyer d. April 29 , Hamburg 1807.
  • Johann Otto Thieß, attempt at a scholarly history of Hamburg . According to alphabetical order, Heroldsche Buchhandlung, Hamburg, 1783, Volume 2, pp. 118 ff., ( Online ).

literature

  • Jürgen Overhoff : Reimarus, Johann Albert Heinrich . In: Franklin Kopitzsch, Dirk Brietzke (Hrsg.): Hamburgische Biographie . tape 5 . Wallstein, Göttingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8353-0640-0 , p. 300-303 .
  • Franklin Kopitzsch : Knigge and his Hamburg friends: Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus and Sophie Reimarus , in: Harro Zimmermann (ed.): Adolph Freiherr Knigge: new studies, Bremen 1998, ISBN 3-86108-123-7 , pp. 70–73 and 141-143.
  • Brigitte Tolkemitt: Nodes in the network of relationships of the educated: The mixed sociability in the open houses of the Hamburg families Reimarus and Sieveking , in: Ulrike Weckel (Ed.): Order, politics and sociability of the sexes in the 18th century, Göttingen 1998, ISBN 3- 89244-304-1 , pp. 167-202.
  • Gerhard Alexander: Johann Albrecht Hinrich Reimarus and Elise Reimarus in their relationships with Lessing , in: Günter Schulz (ed.): Lessing and the circle of his friends, Heidelberg 1985, ISBN 3-7953-0724-4 , pp. 129–150.
  • Georg Herman Sieveking : The grave of Prof. Dr. Joh. Alb. Hinrich Reimarus , in: Hamburgische Geschichts- und Heimatblätter 7, 4 (1932/33), ISSN  0931-0185 , pp. 84–85.
  • Heinrich Sieveking , Franz Reiche, Nicolaus Peters: Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus: Lectures held on the occasion of the commemoration of his 200th birthday organized by the Natural Science Association together with the Medical Association, the Patriotic Society and the Association for Hamburg History , Hamburg 1930.
  • Karl Ernst Hermann Krause :  Reimarus, Johann Albert Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 27, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1888, pp. 704-709.

Web links

Commons : Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus  - Sources and full texts

Remarks

  1. ↑ Home address 1813 “Reimarus, JAH Med. Doct. Et Prof. Neust. Fuhlentwiete no 122 “, in: Hamburg address book at the Hamburg State Library
  2. ↑ Prof. Dr. Johann Albert Heinrich Reimarus , member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 198.
  4. ↑ Barbara Leisner, Heiko KL Schulze, Ellen Thormann: The Hamburg main cemetery Ohlsdorf. History and tombs. 2 volumes and an overview map 1: 4000. Hans Christians, Hamburg 1990, ISBN 3-7672-1060-6 , p. 23, cat. 63 with historical picture
  5. ^ Eberhard Kellers: Burial grove and crypt: the tombs of the upper class on the old burial grounds in Hamburg. Issue No. 17 of workbooks on the preservation of monuments in Hamburg. Verlag Christians, 1997, ISBN 3-7672-1294-3 , p. 127, column Friedrich Sieveking
  6. ^ Friedrich Gottlieb Dietrich : Complete Lexicon of Horticulture and Botany , 7./17. Vol., Ebner, Ulm 1837, p. 411ff. Digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3D~GB%3DR806AAAAcAAJ~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3DPA411~ double-sided%3D~LT%3D~PUR%3D .
personal data
SURNAME Reimarus, Johann Albert Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor, natural scientist and economist
DATE OF BIRTH November 11, 1729
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH June 6, 1814
Place of death Rantzau , Holstein