Cavid Bey

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Cavid Bey

Cavid Bey , often also Jawid Beg ( Turkish Mehmet Cavit Beğ ; * 1875 in Selânik , † August 26, 1926 in Ankara ), was an Ottoman - Jewish economist, newspaper publisher and leading politician of the second constitutional era . As a Sabbatian and a member of the Committee for Unity and Progress (KEF), he was part of the Young Turks and held various positions in government after the Ottoman constitution was reinstated. He was hanged under the government of the Republican People's Party for an attempt to assassinate the founder of the Turkish state, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk .

Early years and advancement

Cavid was born in Selânik , then the Ottoman Vilâyet Saloniki , now Greece . His father was the dealer Naim, his mother's name was Pakize. They were all dönme , i.e. Jews who only superficially accepted Islam in order to avoid Muslim discrimination, but secretly lived out the Jewish faith .

Cavid studied economics in Istanbul at Mekteb-i Mülkiye-i Şahane. After graduating in 1896, he worked as a banker and later as a teacher.

He later became an economist and newspaper editor. After returning to Salonika in 1902 to lead the Fevziye School , Cavid Bey joined the Committee on Unity and Progress (KEF). After the Young Turk Revolution in 1908 and the restoration of the Constitution, he was in the 1908 election deputy for Salonica and Kale-i Sultaniye ( Çanakkale ) in the House of Representatives . After the March 31, 1909 incident , Cavid Bey was appointed Minister of Finance in Grand Vizier Tevfik Pasha's cabinet. He won in the 1912 elections and again his parliamentary mandate, which he kept until 1918.

According to Ernst Jäckh , Interior Minister Talât Pascha, with his massacres, contradicted Finance Minister Jawid Bey and the publisher of the government- loyal newspaper "Tanin", Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın : "Jawid and Hussein Jahid have always vigorously opposed this Armenian policy, during the genocide of the Armenians ," the former especially for economic reasons. ”Until the armistice of Moudros in 1918 at the end of the First World War , Cavid Bey played an important role in the KEF. He also represented the Ottoman Empire in the post-war financial negotiations in London and Berlin . After his offer to join Mustafa Kemal Pascha's Turkish national movement was rejected, he went to Switzerland. He was part of the delegation in Lausanne , but got into an argument with İsmet Pasha .

Republican era

In 1921 Cavid Bey married Aliye Nazlı, the divorced wife of a prince, in Switzerland , and returned to Istanbul in 1922. In 1924 their son Osman Şiar was born; after Cavid Bey's execution, his son was raised by his close friend Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın. After the Family Name Act came into force in 1914, Osman Şiar took the surname Yalçın.

In the early years of the era under the Republican People's Party (CHP), Cavid Bey, along with the witness to the Armenian Genocide, Hafız Mehmed , and Doctor Nazim, tried to assassinate the Turkish state founder and President Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Izmir . After extensive government investigations, Cavid Bey was sentenced to death and executed by hanging on August 26, 1925 in Ankara . Thirteen others, including KEF members Ahmed Şükrü and Ismail Canbulat , were found guilty of treason and hanged.

The letters that Cavid Bey wrote to his wife Aliye Nazlı during his detention were only given to her after his execution. She published the letters as a book called Zindandan Mektuplar ("Letters from the Dungeon").

In 1950, Cavid Bey's body remains were transferred to the Cebeci Municipal Cemetery in Ankara and buried there.

bibliography

  • Zindandan Mektuplar (2005) Liberte Yayınları, 212 pages. ISBN 9789756877913
  • JAVID (Cavid) BEY, MEHMED: Jewish Virtual Library, AICE 2013, Link (Source: Encyclopedia Judaica)
  • Turk Ansiklopedisi 10: 37-39; Gövsa, Türk Meşhurları, 78.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ilgaz Zorlu, Evet, Ben Selânikliyim: Türkiye Sabetaycılığı , Belge Yayınları, 1999, p. 223.
  2. ↑ Yusuf Besalel, Osmanlı ve Türk Yahudileri , gözlem Kitabevi, 1999, p 210th
  3. ↑ Rıfat N. Bali , Musa'nın Evlatları, Cumhuriyet'in Yurttaşları , İletişim Yayınları, 2001, p. 54.
  4. ↑ Andrew Mango , Ataturk , PUBLISHER ?, 1999, pages 448-453
  5. ↑ a b c d Mehmet Cavit Bey. Jewish Virtual Library , December 15, 2008, accessed July 14, 2009 .
  6. ↑ Document AA Turkey 158/14, 17, 18 1915 from the archives of the Foreign Office
  7. ↑ a b Nazif Özge ve Gerçel Ailesi - Rüştü Karakaşlı. SosyalistKältür, July 5, 2008, archived from the original on February 17, 2010 ; Retrieved July 14, 2009 (Turkish).
  8. ↑ Touraj Atabaki, Erik Jan Zürcher, 2004, Men of Order: Authoritarian Modernization under Ataturk and Reza Shah , IBTauris, ISBN 1860644260 , p. 207
  9. ↑ Zindandan Mektuplar. KitapTürk, accessed July 14, 2009 (Turkish).
personal data
SURNAME Cavid Bey
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bey, Javid; Beg, Djavid; Beğ, Mehmet Cavit; (trS)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Ottoman economist, newspaper publisher and politician of the second constitutional era
DATE OF BIRTH 1875
PLACE OF BIRTH Selânik
DATE OF DEATH August 26, 1926
Place of death Ankara