Cedrelopsis grevei
| Cedrelopsis grevei | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Cedrelopsis grevei | ||||||||||||
| Baill. |
Cedrelopsis grevei is a plant from the genus Cedrelopsis within the family of the Rutaceae (Rutaceae). It occurs in western to southern Madagascar . It is used in many ways.
description
Vegetative characteristics
Cedrelopsis grevei grows as a deciduous, medium-sized tree that reaches heights of up to 29 meters. The straight trunk is free of knots up to a height of 9 meters and the trunk diameter is usually up to 0.6, rarely up to 1.2 meters. The rough bark is light yellowish to yellowish. The bark of the branches is initially hairy.
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into petioles and leaf blades and a total of 12 to 20 centimeters long. The petiole is 3 to 4.5 inches long. The leaf blade is pinnate in pairs with up to ten pinnate leaves . On the leaf trachis, the 1.5 to 5 centimeters long stalked pinnate leaves are alternate or opposite. The leaflets are 3 to 5, rarely up to 8 centimeters long and 1 to 1.5, rarely up to 3 centimeters wide, elliptical-elongated with a somewhat asymmetrical, wedge-shaped base and a slightly notched upper end. The edges of the leaflets are slightly wavy. The leaflets are densely dotted and hairy. There is pinnate nerve with 12 to 18 pairs of lateral nerves . Stipules are missing.
Generative characteristics
With Cedrelopsis grevei there is a subdiocese . The lateral panicle inflorescences are hairy short. The flower stalk is 1 to 3 millimeters long.
The functionally unisexual or hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The flowers are fragrant. The five sepals are only fused at their base. The five relatively thick and densely haired calyx lobes are triangular with a length of 4 to 5 millimeters. The five free, pink to yellowish petals are 8 to 10 millimeters long and elliptical-elongated with a pointed or inwardly turned upper end; they have short hairs on the outside. The male flowers have five free stamens that are shorter than the petals. The disc of the male flowers is about 1 millimeter long and lobed like a cushion and there is a rudimentary ovary. The female flowers have five rudimentary stamens and their disc is relatively small. The sparse hairy, upper permanent, fünfkammerige ovary is ovoid and easy five-lobed with a length 3-4 millimeters. With a length of about 1 millimeter, the relatively short, relatively thick stylus ends in a five-lobed scar . The hermaphrodites are not biologically functional with somewhat reduced stamens and ovaries.
The up to 3 centimeters long capsule fruit is hairy to bald. The capsule fruit, which is brownish to black when ripe, opens with five fruit flaps and contains up to twelve seeds. With a length of up to 2 centimeters, the ellipsoidal seed is flattened on the side and has a thin wing at the lower end.
Phenology
In Madagascar, the flowering period extends from September to December and the fruits ripen from October to December.
Occurrence and endangerment
Cedrelopsis grevei occurs in Madagascar only in the provinces of Antsiranana , Fianarantsoa , Mahajanga and Toliara . It thrives in dry, semi-arid as well as subtropical (subhumid) bioclimates at altitudes of 0 to 900, rarely up to 1000 meters. Cedrelopsis grevei thrives in the thicket and in forests on soils that arose from very different types of rock (from silicate rock to limestone ) and sedimentation areas ( alluvial water to clay ).
Cedrelopsis grevei has been an endangered species since 2009 (VU for "Vulnerable" = "endangered"). It has been listed in the IUCN's Red List of Threatened Species since 2015 as (LC) "Least Concern" = "not endangered". Although Cedrelopsis grevei are locally felled from wild stocks and habitats are destroyed, in 2015 this species was rated as "not endangered" due to its still relatively wide distribution. About 90 sites are known. Cedrelopsis grevei thrives in some protected areas: Andohahela, Ankarafantsika, Beza Mahafaly, Cap Sainte Marie, Kirindy-Mitea, Tsimanampetsotsa, Zombitsy-Vohibasia, Ankarana, Mikea, Ranobe and La Table / St Augustin. The stocks are continuously decreasing.
Taxonomy
The first description of Cedrelopsis grevei was in 1893 by Henri Ernest Baillon in Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar , 34, 4, Atlas 2, plate 257. Cedrelopsis grevei Baill. is the type species of the genus Cedrelopsis . The homonym Cedrelopsis grevei Baill. & Courchet was published in 1906 in Annales de l'Institut Botanico-Géologique Colonial de Marseille II, 4, page 56. A synonym for Cedrelopsis grevei Baill. is Katafa crassisepalum Costantin & Poiss.
use
Cedrelopsis grevei is the most important tree species in Madagascar that is used as a medicinal plant . The bark is used to extract essential oils . The extract from the bark is used in traditional medicine to relieve coughs, asthma , tuberculosis , pneumonia , diabetes , diarrhea, abdominal pain, rheumatism, worms in the intestine, headaches, tiredness and after childbirth. The essential oil is mostly used in the massage treatment of general body aches, broken bones, muscle pain, arthritis as well as rheumatism and back massages relieve tiredness and fever. Bath treatments with the essential oil are also performed for the same complaints. It is used against wound and skin infections. Sometimes a root bark decoction is used to treat diarrhea or asthma. Bath leaves are used to treat blood vessel weakness, headaches and sore throats. The seeds are chewed as a de-wormer and to treat abdominal pain.
The bitter and aromatic bark is used to flavor local rum and is an ingredient in bitter, non-alcoholic drinks.
The heartwood is light yellow to light brown and a bit marbled and a bit darker than the 25 millimeter wide band of whitish sapwood . The wood smells and contains resin cells. The wood is very heavy, very hard and flexible. The wood is resistant to insects and fungi. The wood is used in a variety of ways, for example as construction timber, in interior construction, carving, tool handles, parquet floors, ship and boat building, veneer extraction , production of plywood , railway sleepers . The wood is used to make fuel and charcoal .
Common names
Trivial names in other languages are:
- English language: White palissander
- French language: Katrafay, Kathrafay, acajou blanc de Madagascar
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Cedrelopsis grevei at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 1, 2019.
- ↑ a b c Cedrelopsis grevei in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- ↑ Ken Fern: Data sheet at Tropical Plants Database .
- ↑ a b c Cedrelopsis grevei at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l data sheet at Plant Resources of Tropical Africa from PROTA .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Cedrelopsis grevei at Plants For A Future . Retrieved June 1, 2019.
- ↑ a b c d e Cedrelopsis grevei in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019.1. Posted by: L. Faranirina, M. Rakotoarinivo, V. Jeannoda, 2015. Accessed June 3, 2019.
- ^ Contribution à la Réalisation de la Pharmacopée malgache by MNMRandovoson 2004, University of Antananarivo.
- ↑ Secrétariat Exécutif Sud Expert Plantes - 2nd Annual Report 2009 (PDF, in French; 226 kB)